Journal Name: Frontiers in Health Informatics Journal ISSN: 2676-7104 (Online) Frontiers in Health Informatics is an on-line English peer-reviewed journal for practitioners, researchers and students who are interested in the field of medical informatics and information technology in healthcare sectors. The Journal aims to publish novel and high quality relevant information written by peers to researchers and readers involved in all fields of health informatics and related interdisciplinaries, strives to keep pace with the rapid growth of publications, and move on to the edge of knowledge in this field. The Editor welcomes original articles on current practice, research projects or the development of new resources or services. Review articles are also welcome. The scope of the journal encompasses (but is not restricted to): - Information systems; - Library and information sciences;- Image Processing; - Computer-aided medical decision support systems; - Educational computer based programs; -Health technology assessment; -Other related fields; Please read the instructions carefully for details on the submission of manuscripts, the journal's requirements and standards as well as information concerning the procedure after a manuscript has been accepted for publication in Front Health Inform. <span style="color: #ff4343; font-family: 'helvetica neue', Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> All future submissions for the journal should be directed to the new website at healthinformaticsjournal.com
A Study To Assess Knowledge Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Medical Graduates
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among medical graduates. Methodology The sample of 221 was calculated based on 95% confidence interval and 5% type I error. For knowledge questionnaire, three choices were provided: 1-true, 2-false, and 3-don’t know. Strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, and strongly disagree were the choices for attitude-related questions. Results In knowledge section, the participants score more than 50% for all the questions. the highest score is 89% for question no 7 and the lowest score is 52% for question no 8. In attitude section questions in which respondents shows positive attitude are question no 1, 2,3. While for question no 4 they show negative attitude. Conclusion Although the response for knowledge section is good for all the questions but still it is not up to the mark.
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This research paper investigates the efficacy of technical analysis in the stock market and its potential to guide investment decisions. Technical analysis encompasses a variety of charting tools and indicators to forecast future price movements based on historical data. This study assesses the reliability of commonly used such techniques. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies of specific stocks, the research aims to evaluate how technical analysis can be applied in practice to enhance investment strategies and risk management. By scrutinizing past performance and comparing it with real-time market data, the paper provides insights into the strengths and limitations of technical analysis as an investment tool, offering recommendations for its optimal use in portfolio management.Top of Form
“Ayurvedic Aahar as a Preventive and Promotive Health Measure: A Comprehensive Study”
In studying the Healthy Living branch of Ayurveda, it is well known that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity and Aahar that which forms the portion of Swasthavritta (the normalcy of health) i.e. maintenance of health. This makes it a very attractive and interesting subject to investigate how the food consumed during Swasthavritta or towards that end or in other words how the diet named as Swasthavritta enhances preventive as well as positive health. In particular, it examines the system of Ayurvedic Food Science, its benefits in both body and mind, and its relevance to wellbeing. This information is the result of assessing of the population who is on Ayurveda food versus the one using the present-day diet. The findings indicate that Swasthavritta Aahar enforces effective digestion, immune processes and overall wellbeing. The findings of the study are that it is prudent that following the Ayurvedic dietary regimens can aid in the promotion of health as more of the disease can be prevented rather than let to develop and treat it.
Impact of Immediate Post-Thyroidectomy Parathyroid Hormone Levels on Subsequent Serum Calcium Changes
Background: Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is a common complication, and immediate postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels may predict subsequent serum calcium changes. This study aimed to assess the impact of immediate post-thyroidectomy PTH levels on subsequent serum calcium levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Surgery and Otolaryngology Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from January 2022 to December 2023. A total of 103 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were enrolled. Immediate postoperative PTH levels were assessed, and serum calcium levels were measured at different postoperative intervals. Results: The study analyzed 103 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. The mean age was 41.72±12.12 years, with 76.7% females. The primary indication was multinodular goiter (70.87%). Postoperatively, PTH significantly declined (p=0.001), correlating with hypocalcemia (r=0.310, p=0.001). A PTH cutoff of ≤14.4 pg/mL predicted hypocalcemia with 94.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Early postoperative PTH assessment is crucial for identifying at-risk patients and guiding calcium supplementation. Conclusion: Early postoperative PTH assessment is a reliable predictor of hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy. A PTH threshold of ≤14.4 pg/mL demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in identifying at-risk patients. Timely intervention with calcium supplementation can prevent complications, improving postoperative management and patient outcomes.
Dr. Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Dr. Mohammad Salim, Dr. Md. Saiful Islam, Dr. Md. Jahangir Hossain , Dr. Mohammed Rafiqul Islam, Dr. Iftakhar Al Mamun, Dr. Sayem Al Monsur Faizi, Dr. Rana Jahangir Alam
Design And Formulation Of Sustained Release Drug Delivery System
A medicine is released at a predetermined rate and with minimal adverse effects by means of a sustained release drug delivery system (SRDDS), which keeps the drug level constant for a predetermined amount of time. Oral drug administration is frequently considered the most common and patient-friendly mode of delivery. Developments in formulation technology, such as sustained release oral dosage forms or modified release dosage forms, have been widely accepted in comparison to conventional release formulations. A sustained release dosage form offers a longer duration of drug release, which improves patient adherence and increases the medicine's bioavailability. Increasing the duration of drug action, reducing side effects, reducing the frequency of dosing, lowering the required dose, and providing the shortest time by using the smallest quantity of drug administered by the most appropriate route were the main objectives of designing SR formulations in an effort to modify and improve the drug performance. SR dosage forms are made to quickly raise a drug's blood level to therapeutic concentrations through the use of an initial dose component, and then use a continuation portion to keep the level there for a predetermined amount of time. We will talk about in this essay. Overview of Drug Formulation for Sustained Release.
Effectiveness of Stone Cone in Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy for Ureteric Stone in Pediatric Population
This study examines the effectiveness of the stone cone in ureteroscopic lithotripsy to prevent retropulsion of ureteric stones. Conducted from January 2024 to July 2024 at the Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, the descriptive study involved 179 patients diagnosed with ureteric stones. The results indicated that the stone cone significantly reduced the retropulsion rate, demonstrating its efficacy as a tool in ureteroscopic procedures.
Tariq Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Yasir Khalil, FNU Vishal, Hamidullah
Sustainable Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Saussurea Lappa and Glycyrrhiza Glabra: Exploring its Role in Antimicrobial Strategies
The environmentally safe and sustainable development of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered increasing attention from scientists and researchers. Green synthesis provides a resilient and cost-effective approach to silver nanoparticle (AgNP) production, making it highly suitable for applications in medicine and pharmaceuticals. This green approach minimizes environmental impact while offering a viable alternative to conventional nanoparticle production methods. This research introduces an efficient approach to develop silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and extracts from medicinal plants Saussurea lappa and Glycyrrhiza glabra, both recognized for their bioactive properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were generated through a controlled chemical reaction involving 1 mM silver nitrate with extracts of Saussurea lappa and Glycyrrhiza glabra. The resulting nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized and assessed for their antimicrobial qualities. UV-visible spectrophotometry was used to comprehensively examine the produced AgNPs. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were considerably more susceptible to the antibacterial action of the generated AgNPs.
Devanshi Vaghela, Rajendra Pal Singh Rathore
Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure Fluctuations in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation is a known risk factor for glaucoma progression. This study aimed to evaluate diurnal IOP fluctuations and their association with treatment regimens in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College & Hospital Ltd, Dhaka and Bangladesh Eye Hospital, Malibagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 120 patients with diagnosed POAG were enrolled. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, including visual acuity, visual field parameters, and ocular biometric measurements. IOP was measured at four fixed time points (08:00 AM, 12:00 PM, 04:00 PM, and 08:00 PM) in a single day to assess diurnal variation. Results: The mean age of participants was 58.4 ± 9.3 years, with a slight male predominance (53.33%). The average IOP was highest at 08:00 AM (20.76 ± 3.08 mmHg) and lowest at 04:00 PM (18.87 ± 2.86 mmHg). The overall mean daily IOP fluctuation was 3.41 ± 1.64 mmHg. Most patients (43.33%) had moderate fluctuations between 3–4 mmHg. IOP fluctuation was significantly associated with the type of medical therapy. Patients on monotherapy had the highest mean fluctuation (4.1 ± 1.2 mmHg), while those on triple therapy had the lowest (3.2 ± 1.3 mmHg) (p = 0.045). Conclusion: Diurnal IOP fluctuation is common among POAG patients and varies with the intensity of medical therapy. More aggressive treatment regimens may be beneficial in minimizing IOP variability, potentially reducing the risk of disease progression.
Prof. Dr. Md. Sanwar Hossain, Dr. Md. Arifuzzaman, Dr. Mohammad Mazaharul Islam, Dr. Md. Golam Faruk Hossain, Dr. Muktar Ali, Dr. Tasnim Khanom
Enhancing Autonomic Functions through OM Chanting and Bhramari Pranayama in Post-COVID Medical Students: A Cohort-Based Interventional Study
Background: Post-COVID-19 syndrome is often associated with autonomic dysregulation, reflected in decreased heart rate variability (HRV) and impaired parasympathetic tone. Non-pharmacological interventions such as OM chanting and Bhramari Pranayama have demonstrated potential in enhancing autonomic function by promoting vagal activation and reducing sympathetic overactivity. However, evidence in post-COVID young adult populations, particularly in high-stress academic settings, remains limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of OM chanting and Bhramari Pranayama on heart rate variability in post-COVID medical students. To record HRV using time-domain parameters—SDNN, rMSSD, SDSD, and pNN50 before and after a 30-day supervised intervention. To compare pre and post-intervention HRV indices to assess improvements in autonomic balance. Material and Methods: A prospective interventional cohort study was conducted at Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College and Hospital, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. A total of 109 post-COVID medical students (aged 18–25 years) were enrolled. Participants underwent a daily 30-day supervised breathing intervention comprising 10 minutes of OM chanting and 5 minutes of Bhramari Pranayama. HRV was assessed through five-minute ECG recordings before and after the intervention. Time-domain parameters (SDNN, rMSSD, SDSD, pNN50) were calculated manually. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests. Results: All HRV parameters showed statistically significant improvement post-intervention. SDNN increased from 32.45 ± 6.17 ms to 37.96 ± 7.12 ms (p < 0.0001), rMSSD from 28.74 ± 5.49 ms to 34.14 ± 5.85 ms (p < 0.0001), SDSD from 25.61 ± 4.97 ms to 30.97 ± 5.45 ms (p < 0.0001), and pNN50 from 5.31 ± 1.72% to 5.81 ± 1.64% (p = 0.029). These findings indicate enhanced parasympathetic modulation and improved autonomic adaptability. Conclusion: The study highlights the efficacy of OM chanting and Bhramari Pranayama in enhancing HRV among post-COVID medical students. These techniques offer a simple, cost-effective and accessible approach to autonomic rehabilitation, particularly valuable in rural and high-altitude healthcare settings. Their integration into institutional wellness programs may yield sustained physiological and psychological benefits. Future research should incorporate randomized controlled trials with larger populations, biomarker profiling and neuroimaging to further elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Aakash Srivastava, Jayshree Verma and Saroj Chaudhary
Private Sector Involvement in Nepal’s Hydropower Sector: Issues, Challenges, and Growth Potential
This research delves at the pros and cons of private sector participation in Nepal's hydropower development. The study's overarching goals are to (1) catalogue the sector's most pressing problems; (2) analyse the function of private investment; (3) assess the efficacy of current policy and institutional frameworks; (4) investigate potential avenues for more public engagement; and (5) propose measures to strengthen the relationship between the public and private sectors. The study uses a mixed-methods research strategy, combining quantitative survey results with statistical analysis and qualitative interview and document analysis. Delays in regulation, limitations on available funding, and insufficient transmission infrastructure were among the primary concerns highlighted by the thematic analysis. Statistical packages used for quantitative data analysis included SPSS for descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation, and regression. A whopping 85% of private developers voiced concerns about funding limitations, while 72% brought up the issue of regulatory delays. There was a statistically significant correlation between well-defined policies and involvement from the business sector, according to chi-square analysis (p = 0.009). Evidence from regression analysis shows that two important factors that can be used to forecast private investment are policy support (β = 0.42, p = 0.000) and access to financing (β = 0.33, p = 0.001). The findings support the research assumptions and show that private sector expansion requires a policy climate that is favourable and improved access to capital. The paper provides actionable policy suggestions to encourage sustainable hydropower development in Nepal by increasing private sector involvement.
Mental Health And Organizational Behaviour Of Unorganised Contractual Workers: A Comparative Policy Analysis
An organization in the world plays a crucial role in the progressive development of any nation in terms of economic, social and political. This study investigates the impact of contractual labour arrangements on the mental health and organizational behaviour of workers in India's unorganized sector. With a rising dependency on flexible employment, it becomes critical to understand the psychological and systemic challenges faced by these workers. Utilizing ordinal regression and a mixed-methods approach including structured surveys and observational tools we assessed key workplace factors such as income sufficiency, job security, and supervisory support. Findings indicate that job uncertainty and lack of managerial backing significantly influence workers' perceptions of well-being and productivity. This research holds practical implications for HR professionals and policymakers seeking to enhance employee welfare and organizational efficiency.
Rate of Occurrence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain Among the Allied Health Care Professionals Working in Different Departments of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain (LBP) among allied healthcare professionals working in various departments at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2017, to February 28, 2018, involving 90 medical technologists and physiotherapists. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering personal data and work-related risk factors. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21, including bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression to identify significant risk factors. Results: The prevalence of LBP in the past year was 52.22%, with 57.78% experiencing LBP at the time of the study. No significant associations were found between LBP and age, sex, or BMI. Significant risk factors for LBP identified were perceived work stress (OR=7.378, p=0.023), lifting heavy objects (OR=17.14, p=0.001), and sitting for more than 4 hours daily (OR=14.41, p=0.001). Regular exercise was found to be a protective factor (OR=0.021, p<0.001). The study highlighted the high prevalence of LBP and its association with occupational and lifestyle factors among healthcare professionals. Conclusion: LBP is highly prevalent among allied healthcare professionals at BSMMU. Significant risk factors include work-related stress, heavy lifting, and prolonged sitting, while regular exercise serves as a protective factor. Interventions focusing on ergonomic practices, promoting physical activity, and managing work-related stress are essential to reduce the burden of LBP in this population. Further research should explore longitudinal impacts and intervention effectiveness to enhance healthcare workers' well-being and productivity
Urinary enzymes as early diagnostic marker for cisplatin induced renal damage : a comparison with Cystatin C
Background. Serum cystatin C have been proposed to be early diagnostic marker for cisplatin induced renal injury, but it is not widely available. Urinary enzymes which are markers of tubular damage viz. urinary GGT/ALP/LDH and their creatinine standardized ratio can serve as early diagnostic markers for renal tubular damage as seen in cisplatin induced renal injury. Methods. Serum and urine samples were taken from 30 cancer patients on Day 1 Day 3 Day 7 after cisplatin first dose. Determination of serum creatinine, cystatin c and urinary ALP, LDH and GGT creatinie ratio was done . Results. Standardised GGT,ALP,LDH and serum creatinine was significantly higher at day 3 and day 7 compared to day 1 (p < 0.0001) also on day 7 was significantly higher compared to day 3 (p < 0.0001). Cystatin C was significantly higher at day 3 and day 7 compared to day 1 (p < 0.05) also on day 7 was significantly higher compared to day 3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Urinary GGT, ALP and LDH creatinine standardised ratio and serum cystatin C are early diagnostic maker for cisplatin induced renal injury but GGT and ALP have better diagnostic importance on day 3 and day 7 respectively.
V.S. Kumar, D. Amle, V. Choudhary, P.K. Patra
A Comparative Clinical and Radiological Assessment of Ilizarov Fixation Versus Dual Plating in Schatzker Type V and VI Tibial Plateau Fractures using Honkonen Jarvinen Criteria
Background: Tibial plateau fractures of Schatzker types V and VI are complicated injuries that frequently come from high-energy trauma. A compromise between minimal soft tissue disruption, stable fixation, and anatomical reduction is necessary to achieve the best results. Using the Honkonen Järvinen criteria, this study evaluates the radiological and clinical results of dual plating and Ilizarov external fixation in the treatment of these fractures. Methods: 30 patients with Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures treated with dual plating or Ilizarov external fixation participated in prospective comparative research. Results were evaluated clinically and radiologically using the Honkonen and Järvinen criteria, and patients were monitored for at least a year. Pain, range of motion, walking ability, work capacity, and radiographic alignment were among the parameters assessed. Results: The clinical and radiological results for both groups were satisfactory. In terms of early weight-bearing and soft tissue preservation, the Ilizarov group had a statistically significant advantage (p < 0.05). Better initial articular reduction and fixation rigidity were attained by the dual plating group in the meanwhile. At the final follow-up, there was no discernible difference in range of motion, return to work, or radiographic alignment between the two groups' overall functional scores. Conclusion: Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures can be effectively treated with dual plating or Ilizarov external fixation. Dual plating can be used to achieve exact articular restoration, however the Ilizarov approach is better when soft tissues are affected. The surgeon's experience, the soft tissue condition, and the fracture pattern should all influence the procedure selection.
Dr. Abhinanadan, Dr. Sagara B R, Dr Rajesh B Naik, Dr Akshay Palekar, Dr Madhuchandra
A Validated Stability-Indicating Hplc Assay Method For Piperaquine Phosphate In Bulk Drug
A new simple, reliable, inexpensive, and accurate reversed phase-high performance liquid- chromatographic (HPLC) assay method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of Piparaquine Phosphate in bulk drug. Piparaquine Phosphate is an orally active bisquinoline antimalarial drug and shows good activity against chloroquine resistant plasmodium strains. Method developed with column Waters Xterra, RP18, with dimension 250 x 4.6mm 5µm. The mobile phase containing 2.84 gm of di-sodium hydrogen phosphate was dissolved in water and 1ml of triethyl amine was added. The pH was Adjusted 7.0 with orthophosphoric acid. The buffer: acitonitrile ratio used was 30:70. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, column temperature was 25°C and effluents were monitored at wavelength 320 nm. The retention time of Piperaquine Phosphate was 5.6 min. Correlation co-efficient for Piperaquine Phosphate was found to be 0.99. The novel stability indicating developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines using various parameters, for example, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification, limit of detection, robustness, ruggedness, solution stability and recovery. Relative standard deviation associated with all the parameters was less than 2%, showing compliance with the acceptance criteria of ICH guidelines.
Estimation of protein C and lipid levels in patients with retinal vein occlusive diseases
Background: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy, causing significant visual morbidity. It results from the obstruction of the retinal venous system, affecting either the central retinal vein or branch retinal veins. RVO manifests with characteristic features such as intraretinalhemorrhages, tortuous and dilated retinal veins, cotton wool spots, macular edema, and disc edema. Systemic risk factors like older age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and coagulation abnormalities, particularly deficiencies in Protein C (PC) are associated with RVO. And contribute to vascular endothelial damage and thrombosis. Objective: To estimate the levels of Protein C and lipids in patients with retinal vein occlusive diseases (RVOD). Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted over 12 months with 30 patients diagnosed with RVO attending the Ophthalmology department of SVRRGGH, Tirupati. Comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic histories were taken. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp examination, and fundus examination were performed. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting for estimating serum levels of, lipids and Protein C using ELISA and chromogenic methods. Statistical analyses included unpaired t-tests and chi-square tests. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.4 ± 13.7 years, with a slight male preponderance (53.3%). Fundus examination revealed CRVO in 20% of eyes, and BRVO in 46.7%. Significantly lower Protein C levels were found in patients with CRVO and BRVO (p<0.05).. Lipid analysis showed significantly higher LDL and total cholesterol and lower HDL in CRVO patients compared to those with IT BRVO and ST BRVO (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study found significant associations between lower Protein C levels and elevated LDL and total cholesterol with different forms of RVOD, particularly CRVO. These findings suggest that monitoring and managing Protein C and lipid levels could be crucial in understanding and mitigating the progression of RVOD.
Association Between The Physical Activity And Metabolic Syndrome In Residents Of Navi Mumbai
Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes, has become a significant public health concern. Physical inactivity is a known contributor to metabolic syndrome, yet its prevalence and impact within urban populations remain understudied. This pilot study explores the association between physical activity and the incidence of metabolic syndrome among residents of Navi Mumbai, India. Using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ-2), data on physical activity levels were collected from 252 participants, and metabolic syndrome was assessed based on key indicators such as hypertension and Type 2 diabetes. The findings indicate that 54.9% of the participants were physically active, with men (62.9%) being more active than women (49.6%). A significant association was found between physical inactivity and metabolic diseases (p < 0.00001), highlighting the role of exercise in mitigating metabolic syndrome risks. These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions promoting physical activity as a preventive measure against metabolic syndrome. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate these findings and develop evidence-based health policies for urban populations.
Suparna Deepak, Dr. Navami Dayal, Dr. Reshmi Das and Dr. Vibha Gajbe
A SEM Based Analysis of the Effects of Organizational Justice and Conflict Resolution on Work Commitment: A Multi-Sample Study
Organisational justice encompasses instructional procedural and distributive fairness and plays a significant role to shape the perceptions of the employees in terms of workplace satisfaction and fairness. The research study examined the direct and indirect effect of organisational justice and conflict resolution on work commitment. The effective mechanism of conflict resolution influences commitment and engagement of employees that fosters harmonious and supportive work environment. A SEM based analysis is employed in the research study to evaluate the indirect and direct effect of the variables like organisational justice and conflict resolution on work commitment across different types of organisational settings. The multi sample study strengthens the findings to provide valuable insights to the organisational leaders for enhanced performance and employee retention.
Explaining the Mediating Role of Organizational Learning Capacity in the Relationship Between Teachers' Religious Beliefs and Professional Development and Job Engagement
Background and Aim: One of the most significant challenges in the educational system is enhancing teachers' professional development and job engagement, which can substantially impact the quality of education. In this regard, religious beliefs, as an individual factor, and organizational learning capacity, as an organizational capability, can play a crucial role in improving these indicators. This study aims to examine the mediating role of organizational learning capacity in the relationship between religious beliefs and the professional development and job engagement of primary school teachers in Ilam Province. Materials and Methods: This research is descriptive-correlational and based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all primary school teachers in Ilam Province, and a proportional stratified random sampling method was used to select the sample. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. Results: The results indicated that religious beliefs have a direct and significant impact on teachers' job engagement and professional development. Additionally, organizational learning capacity played a significant mediating role in these relationships. The findings also revealed that organizational learning capacity directly influences teachers' professional development and job engagement. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of religious beliefs and organizational learning capacity in enhancing teachers' professional development and job engagement. Accordingly, it is recommended that policymakers and educational administrators design and implement programs to strengthen religious beliefs and improve organizational learning capacity in educational environments.
Laily Sharifi, Behnaz Mohajeran, Hassan Ghalavandi
Critical Review of Vyana Bala Vaishamya: Ayurvedic Nomenclature of Hypertension
Ayurveda is a healing science that originated in the Indian peninsula thousands of years ago. It has its origin in the Vedic culture and literature. The Charakasamhita, Sushrutasamhita, and Ashatangahridaya are the basic texts of Ayurveda and they are collectively known as Greater-troika. Other basic texts are Madhavnidana, Bhavaprakasha, and Sarngadharasamhita. They are known as Minor-troika. Ashatangasamgraha, Haritasamhita, Kashyapasamhita, and Bhelasamhita are some of the old and popular texts of Ayurveda. A vast body of knowledge is available in the above-mentioned texts and a number of other works. Though, according to an estimate, around 3000 morbidity terms are available in Ayurvedic literature, there is no mention of hypertension. But many references are available in the Ayurvedic literature that supports the premise that the condition hypertension was present in ancestral society but in reposing form. Hypertension has been referred to by the terms Raktagata vata, Siragata Vata, Avrita Vata, Rakta Sampida, Vyana Bala, Dhamani Pratichaya, Rakta Vriddhi, Rakta-Vata, and Vyana-bala-vaishamya by different experts. The term Vyana-bala-vaishamya was coined by The National Health Portal of India without giving any rationale behind this correlation. This article has tried to give an expository perspective to highlight the term Vyana-bala-vaishamya to refer to hypertension..
Dr Priya Sharma, Dr Sonia, Dr Ashok Kr Madan Singh
Maternal Height, Pelvic Typology, and Mode of Delivery: A Cross-Sectional Study from South Punjab
Background: Maternal pelvic morphology and height influence delivery outcomes. Pelvises can be classified as Gynecoid, android, anthropoid, and platypelloid pelvis. Short heighted females have more chances of contracted pelvis as compared to heighted females which have broader pelvis. This study explores the association between maternal height and pelvic types, and their effect on delivery mode among women in Rahim Yar Khan. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 384 postpartum women aged 18–35 years was conducted at Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Maternal height was taken using stadiometer and pelvic types were measured via X-ray pelvimetry. Statistical tests assessed associations with delivery modes. Findings: 38% of women had gynecoid pelvis, 25% android, 22% anthropoid, and 15% platypelloid. Vaginal delivery was more frequent in women with gynecoid pelvis (82%) and taller height. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to calculate the relationship of maternal height to the type of bony pelvis. The results showed a positive correlation between maternal height and the presence of a gynecoid pelvis (r = 0.35, p < 0.01), suggesting that taller women are more likely to have a gynecoid pelvis, which is favorable for vaginal delivery. Conversely, a negative correlation between maternal height and the presence of an android pelvis (r = -0.28, p<0.05) was seen, indicating that shorter women ae more likely to have an android pelvis, which may complicate vaginal delivery. Interpretation: Maternal height is associated with the types of bony pelvis and can significantly influence the mode of delivery. Study concluded a substantial correlation of the maternal height with the mode of delivery. The taller women were more likely to have gynecoid pelvis, favorable for vaginal delivery. X-ray pelvimetry remains a valuable tool in low-resource settings.
Phytochemical In Edible Shellfish: A Comprehensive Recent Review Of Their Composition, Health Benefits, And Potential Applications
The consumption of phytochemicals through dietary sources, such as fruits, vegetables, and shellfish, is recommended for their preventive and therapeutic potential. Objective: Provide a concise overview of the review, stating the significance of phytochemicals in edible shellfish this review explores the composition, health benefits, and potential applications of phytochemicals in edible shellfish. Drawing from academic databases, it focuses on recent findings from 2022 to 2025, highlighting the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects of shellfish phytochemicals such as omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and polyphenols. These bioactive compounds contribute to disease prevention, including cancer, cardiovascular issues, and neurodegenerative conditions. The review also discusses the bioavailability of these compounds and their synergistic effects with other nutrients. Furthermore, it examines potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, offering new avenues for functional foods and therapeutic products. Future research on shellfish-derived phytochemicals should prioritize clinical trials to validate their therapeutic effects in humans, particularly for chronic diseases. Further studies on bioavailability and optimization of delivery methods, such as encapsulation, are crucial to enhance efficacy in functional foods and supplements. Additionally, exploring their potential applications in biotechnology, including bioremediation and sustainable aquaculture practices, could unlock new opportunities for health and environmental benefits.
Outcomes and Complications of Spinal Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Study
Background: Spinal anesthesia (SA) is increasingly being considered as an alternative to general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), offering potential advantages such as reduced postoperative complications, shorter recovery time, and avoidance of endotracheal intubation. However, its widespread adoption in LC remains limited due to concerns about intraoperative complications and patient tolerance. This prospective study evaluates the clinical outcomes and complication profile of SA in patients undergoing elective LC. Objective: The primary objective was to assess the feasibility, hemodynamic stability, and perioperative complication rates of SA in LC. Secondary objectives included evaluation of intraoperative challenges (hypotension, shoulder pain, anxiety), postoperative recovery parameters, and patient outcomes. Methods: This prospective observational study employed purposive sampling to enroll 233 ASA physical status I-III patients undergoing elective LC under SA at a secondary-level urban hospital from January 2023 to December 2023. SA was performed at L1-L2 interspace using hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine (2.5-3.5 mL). LC was performed using the standard four-port technique with CO₂ pneumoperitoneum. Data were collected using structured proformas in MS Word and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, with descriptive statistics for demographic variables and frequency distributions for outcome measures. Results: The study achieved a 97.4% spinal anesthesia success rate with 2.6% conversion to GA. Mean sensory blockade to T4 level occurred in 8.2±2.1 minutes. Intraoperative complications included hypotension (18.5%) and shoulder pain (22.3%), all managed successfully. Patients reported excellent pain control (mean VAS 2.1 at 2 hours) and high satisfaction (89%), with 92% discharged within 24 hours. Conclusion: This study strengthens evidence that SA is safe and effective for laparoscopic cholecystectomy when performed with modern protocols. The technique offers distinct recovery advantages while maintaining surgical conditions, warranting consideration in enhanced recovery programs.
Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Questionnaire for Manasa Prakriti Assessment in Ayurveda
Background: Ayurveda emphasizes Manasa Prakriti (mental constitution) as essential for understanding an individual’s mental tendencies and behavior. While Sharirika Prakriti is well-studied, structured tools for Manasa Prakriti assessment are limited. Objective: To develop and validate a comprehensive, standardized questionnaire for Manasa Prakriti assessment based on classical Ayurvedic literature and statistical validation. Methods: This study employed literature review, expert consultations, questionnaire construction, and psychometric validation including internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), test-retest reliability, and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis. Data from 145 participants were analyzed. Results: The questionnaire showed high content validity (I-CVI > 0.85), strong internal consistency (α = 0.89), and valid construct structure matching Sattvika, Rajasika, and Tamasika traits as described in the classics. All sub-domains aligned with theoretical frameworks from Ayurvedic and psychological literature. Conclusion: The developed and validated Manasa Prakriti questionnaire provides a reliable tool for mental constitution assessment, facilitating personalized treatment, education, and psychological wellness in Ayurvedic practice.
Hydrogel Based Nanocomposition System: Characterization and Application for Drug Delivery System
The targeted drug delivery is one of the key areas of research in the field of pharmaceutical science for delivery of drug molecules to specific organ and tissue. The main aim of targeted drug delivery system is to improve bioavailability of drug molecules to delivery site and minimized the toxicity and side effects of by controlling the release properties of drug. Hydrogel is widely used for controlled drug delivery, but traditional hydrogel has some drawback. In order to overcome the drawbacks of traditional hydrogels, hydrogels nanocomposition system (HYGs-NC) were developed. HYGs-NCis composed of different types of nanoparticles or nanostructures in the hydrogel network, due to their porous and hydrated molecular structurethey entrap large amount of therapeutic agent. The aim of HYGs-NC is to enhance the mechanical, electrical, and biological properties of hydrogel compared to traditional hydrogel. Nanocomposition hydrogel are used for wound dressings, biosensors, actuators, contact lenses, tissue replacement, and cancer drug delivery.In this chapter we discuss about the recent advancement in naocomposition hydrogel, different type of nanocomposit hydrogels, method of synthesis, characterization and their biological or pharmaceutical application as novel drug delivery system. Each type of nanocomposit hydrogels has specific properties to improve interaction between the hydrogel polymer and nanoparticles to enhance the desirable properties for targeted drug delivery applications.
Effects of Balance Training to Improve Gait and Quality of Life of Elderly in a Low Resource Country
Background: Balance control is fundamental for independent mobility and daily function. Declining balance due to aging or disease increases the risk of falls, leading to significant health and social burdens. Effective balance training can improve gait stability in the elderly, reducing fall risk. Methods: This Prospective Experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, BSMMU, Dhaka from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 60 patients were enrolled from inpatient and outpatient settings. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A (Non-Intervention): Received a home-based balance exercise program demonstrated at baseline, with 2 follow-ups. Group B (Intervention): Underwent supervised balance training sessions in a gymnasium twice weekly for 12 weeks. Results: The study found that the intervention group was older (66.53 ± 4.67 years) and had more males (60.0%). Both groups had similar baseline balance scores (p = 0.824), but the intervention group showed greater improvement at six (p = 0.012) and 12 weeks (p = 0.007). Quality of life (QoL) significantly improved in bodily pain, general health, social functioning, and role-emotional scores at six and 12 weeks (p < 0.05). By 12 weeks, Physical Component Summary, Mental Component Summary, and total QoL were significantly higher (p = 0.001), highlighting the intervention's benefits. Conclusion: A structured balance training program significantly enhances gait and stability in elderly individuals, reducing fall risk. These findings can inform rehabilitation strategies and public health policies to improve elderly care in Bangladesh. The study recommends integrating supervised balance training into routine geriatric rehabilitation programs.
HPLC Analysis Of Polyphenolic -Alkaloid Compounds And Toxicity Determination Of Medicinal Herbal Extracts
Secondary plant metabolites, a large group of bioactive compounds having health-promoting properties containing aromatic structure, hydroxyl groups providing stabilization and protecting free radicals, biological tissues against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species damage. These are an important phytochemical. The recent ethnopharmacological study was aimed at evaluating the effects of ethnobotanical herbs Withania somnifera, Terminalia arjuna, Bacopa monnieri, Ranunculus sceleratus and Acalypha indica using two different solvents on yield extraction estimation, various phytochemical compounds identification, high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD): quantification of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids and toxicity cell viability test was performed using compound microscopy by Neubauer chamber. The results showed high yield extraction around 30%-50% percentage, of ethanol and methanol root extracts. These extracts also exhibited high phytochemical i.e., secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenols like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins and also alkaloids playing vital roles in biological activities. HPLC method was used to confirm and quantify the presence of polyphenols and alkaloids. Results showed high presence of flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols in extracts. Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values calculated were 0.1-0.9 ug/ml for respective standard compounds. Obtained values were also compared with other previous literatures, interpreting HPLC-DAD quantification method as the more sensitive and accurate method. Toxicity results revealed non-toxic effects of root extracts on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 50% inhibition concentration was calculated for all extracts showing ≥ 1mg/ml values. Therefore, these phytochemicals of root extracts can be further used for production of safe, zero side effects, natural medicinal treatment system as economically viable resources.
Development and Characterization of Gamma-Oryzanol Loaded Folic Acid Conjugated Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Ancient cultures placed a great deal of importance on plants in their folklore. Plants have been used for more than 5000 years as remedies in addition to food and spices. It is estimated that between 70 and 95 percent of people in poor nations still consume. These days, plants containing important compounds that have therapeutic or helpful effects in the treatment and prevention of a wide range of human and animal disorders are referred to as medical herbs. Herbal goods have been used in addition to conventional medications as supplementary therapies. MWCNTs were functionalized one after the other to create γ-OZ/FA-MWCNTs. In phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) with a pH of 7.4, γ-OZ was physically loaded onto virgin MWCNTs and FA-MWCNTs. The lung epithelial cancer cell line "A-549" was used to evaluate the entrapment efficiency, in vitro release, and ex vivo tests. In both the pristine and FA-MWCNT formulations, γ-OZ was successfully incorporated, with the FA-MWCNTS formulation demonstrating the greatest γ-OZ trapping at 86.5 1.5%. The in vitro release of γ-OZ from γ-OZ/FA-MWCNTs at 7.4 (PBS) was investigated in the study, revealing a faster initial release followed by a sustained release. Additionally, γ-OZ/FA-MWCNTs was found to have a cytotoxic impact when used on the "A-549" lung epithelial cancer cell line.
Jinendra Sardiya, Praveen Kumar Soni, Monika Rakse, Neeraj Sharma
Role Of Immersive Leadership In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence-Fostering Positive Work Culture
Immersive Leadership is described as new age leadership in the digital age where human intelligence is the key driver of AI. Immersive Leadership is about driving key changes in the organization through channelizing positive work culture, motivation, purpose and resilience. It is more of collaborative work with purpose at the apex of all processes and systems. Immersive leadership is also an approach that focuses on creating deep and engaged connections within teams towards realization of organizational goals. Immersive leadership approaches complex and challenging situations by helping leaders develop emotional intelligence, resilience, flexibility to adapt and foster a growth mindset. “Immersive leadership in the age of Artificial Intelligence” better describes the strategic questions faced by the organizations today in a maze of navigating through complex and purposeful decision making. Organizations are tackling with three major shifts in the global economy—changes born of technology that technology alone can no longer address, expectations of consumers and expectations of employees-are they working for a purpose? This research paper explores the transformative impact of immersive leadership, combined with emotional intelligence (EI) and artificial intelligence (AI), on work culture. It examines how these elements contribute to enhanced employee engagement, productivity, and organizational success. By integrating EI and AI into leadership practices, organizations can foster a more adaptive, inclusive, and innovative work environment. This paper reviews existing literature, analyses case studies, and proposes a framework for implementing immersive leadership, adopting AI for a positive workplace culture in modern workplaces.
Nidra as a Pillar of Health : A Brihattrayi perspective
Nidra (Sleep) is recognized as one of the three fundamental pillars of life (Trayopsthambha) in Ayurveda and is extensively discussed in the classical brihattrayee texts. These texts describe Nidra not merely as rest but as an active physiological process essential for maintaing the balance of doshas, nourishing the dhatus and supporting mental and physical well being. This review article aims to explore the multifaceted concept of Nidra based on all three texts of Brihattrayee. It presents a comparative and analytical study of definitions, classifications, functions, causes of Nidranasha and clinical consequences of sleep disturbances. This review underscores the profound philosophical, physiological and clinical significance of Nidra. By integrating the classical Ayurvedic view with modern sleep science, this review underscores the timeless relevance of Nidra in maintaining physiological harmony and psychological well-being. The wisdom of the Brihattrayee not only anticipates current clinical concerns but also offers practical and individualized solutions rooted in nature and behavior. This article aims to re-establish the central role of Nidra in Ayurvedic clinical practice and promote further research in its application to contemporary sleep disorders.
Formulation and evaluation of Gliclazide loaded nanoparticles for management of diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely escalating chronic disease and most common in elder person. Gliclazide nanoparticles (GCZNPs) were prepared using solvent evaporation technique. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, drug entrapment, in vitro drug release. The compatibility between drug and excipients was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The particle size of prepared GCZNPs was found to be in ranged from 295.5 to 720.04 nm. The drug entrapment efficiency of GCZNPs was in range 50.67 to 79.16 %. The percentage of drug loading was found 14.1 to 36.78. The optimized formulation, PLA 50 and PVA 0.45, 36.885 % of drug loading, resulted in 78.630 % of entrapment efficiency, particle size of 277.04 nm and released 75.43 % in 10 hrs. Conclusively, solid lipid nanoparticles of GCZ were successfully formulated with higher drug entrapment and could serve as promising delivery for poorly soluble drug.
Comparative Effectiveness of Sacubitril-Valsartan versus ACEI/ARB in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Prospective Study from Bangladesh
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) creates notable therapeutic obstacles. Although Sacubitril-Valsartan (ARNI) has shown effectiveness in chronic HFrEF, especially in resource-constrained areas its relative efficacy against ACEI/ARB treatment in the post-AMI environment stays under-researched. Objective: To assess the clinical results, safety profile, and cost-effectiveness of Sacubitril-Valsartan against ACEI/ARB in AMI patients with HFrEF. Methods: Two hundred AMI patients with HFrEF (LVEF <40%) were randomly assigned to either Sacubitril-Valsartan (n=100) or ACEI/ARB (n=100) in this tertiary centre in Bangladesh as part of a randomized controlled trial, conducted from July 2023 to June 2024 at BSMMU. Over six months, primary endpoints were LVEF change, NT-proBNP drop, hospitalization, and death rates. Secondary results included KCCQ-based quality of life, negative events, and cost study. Results: The Sacubitril-Valsartan group showed better results: more LVEF improvement (8.4±3.2% vs 4.1±2.9%, p=0.001), more pronounced NT-proBNP reduction (65% vs 35%, p=0.001), lower hospitalization (8% vs 18%, p=0.01), and lower mortality (5% vs 12%, p=0.03). Improvements in quality of life were much better with ARNI (25-point vs 13-point KCCQ rise, p=0.001). While other negative events were similar, ARNI raised hyperkalemia incidence (6% vs 3%, p=0.04). Though more expensive (1500±200 USD vs 800±150 USD, p=0.04), ARNI's clinical advantages were significant. Conclusion: Although it is more expensive, sacubitril-valsartan demonstrates better effectiveness than ACEI/ARB in improving cardiac function, reducing adverse effects, and enhancing post-AMI HFrEF quality of life. This is particularly notable in South Asian populations, emphasising the need for attention to therapeutic guidelines for AMI-related HFrEF.
Job Satisfaction and Workplace Dynamics: An Empirical Study in Organizational Settings - A Study with Special Reference to Self-Financing Pharmacy Colleges in Kollam District
This study investigated the relationship between workplace dynamics and job satisfaction among faculty members in self-financing pharmacy colleges in Kollam District, Kerala. The research aimed to identify the factors that influence job satisfaction and explore the impact of workplace dynamics on faculty experiences in these specialized academic environments. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through surveys and interviews with 100 respondents, comprising 50 teachers and 50 other staff members. The findings revealed that strong supervision and meaningful work were critical drivers of organizational commitment, while strong interpersonal relationships were a key strength in pharmacy colleges. However, inadequate infrastructure negatively impacted workplace dynamics. The study also found that job satisfaction, especially in relational aspects, was a strong predictor of reduced turnover intention. Furthermore, job satisfaction partially mediated the link between workplace relationships and employee performance. The study's results showed that teaching faculty experienced higher job satisfaction than other staff, possibly due to the intrinsic rewards of teaching and professional status. The study's findings also highlighted the need for institutions to invest in upgrading facilities, promoting regular interaction between faculty and staff, and introducing recognition schemes to foster a sense of belonging and reduce turnover.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle Charging
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology offers an innovative solution to the challenges associated with electric vehicle (EV) charging. This paper presents the design and implementation of a wireless power transfer system specifically for EV charging, focusing on the optimization of power transmission efficiency, safety, and system integration. The system leverages inductive coupling to transmit power from a primary coil to a secondary coil installed in the vehicle. Key design considerations, such as coil design, resonant frequency matching, power control, and electromagnetic interference mitigation, are explored. A prototype system is developed and tested for practical use in dynamic charging environments, such as in-motion charging, as well as stationary applications. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the WPT system in providing efficient, reliable, and scalable charging solutions for electric vehicles, with the potential to revolutionize the charging infrastructure for EVs.
Clinical and Physiological Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators of Endoscopic Ultrasound Use in Resource-Limited Setting
Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a pivotal tool in advanced gastroenterology, enabling both structural and functional assessment of gastrointestinal and pancreatic pathology. Despite its clinical value, utilization in low- and middle-income countries is limited due to multiple infrastructural, financial, and training-related barriers. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with gastroenterologists in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar for a period of six months from January 2024 to June 2024. Thematic analysis was employed to explore barriers, facilitators, and potential strategies for improving EUS utilization. Questions explored themes such as autonomic responses, cardiopulmonary tolerance, body habitus, and tissue characteristics. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed to capture shared physiological perspectives and coping strategies. Results: Key barriers included limited equipment, scarcity of trained personnel, inadequate training programs, low procedural volume, high costs, and patient apprehension. Facilitators included broad clinical indications, availability of simulation-based training, and mentorship initiatives. Gastroenterologists noted obesity, ascites, poor cardiopulmonary reserve, and stress responses as key physiological barriers to EUS, while optimization of patient status and positioning were seen as important facilitators. Conclusion: Integrating physiological evaluation with structural imaging enhances the utility of EUS, but access remains restricted by logistical, financial, and educational constraints. Public-private partnerships, policy support, and structured training programs are essential to expand EUS availability and optimize patient care.
Mushtaq Ahmad, Jibran Umar Ayub Khan, Shehreyar Ali, Ayesha Qaiser, Adnan Inayat, Abdullah Khan
A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Surya Namaskar In Reducing BP Among Prehypertensive Individuals At Selected Villages Of Ankleshwar.
Introduction: Pre hypertension, the intermediate stage between normal blood pressure and hypertension, is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and target-organ damage. Pre hypertension and hypertension pose significant clinical and public health challenges for both economically developing and developed nations. Yoga therapy is a type of therapy that uses yoga postures, breathing exercises, meditation, and guided imagery to improve mental and physical health. The holistic focus of yoga therapy encourages the integration of mind, body, and spirit. Modern yoga therapy covers a broad range of therapeutic modalities, incorporating elements from both physical therapy and psychotherapy. Surya Namaskar is a dynamic yoga sequence that improves cardiovascular health, which is essential for endurance and stamina. Aim:- : To find out the effectiveness of Surya namaskar on blood pressure among pre-hypertensive clients. Materials and Methods: In the present study, quantitative approach, a Quasi experimental research design was adopted. Non-probability purposive techniques was used to select 80 prehypertensive individuals in selected area of Ankleshwar, Bharuch. The data-collection tool consisted of a personal profile, medical history and BP measurements. The data were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The present data reveled that the mean post-test systolic blood pressure mean difference is 12.75 and Mean post-test diastolic blood pressure mean difference is 3.32 which showing improvement in pre and post intervention. Mean systolic calculated ‘t’ value 24.46 and mean diastolic calculated ‘t’ value 15.61 was greater than tabulated ‘t’ value which showing Conclusion: The above findings supported that Surya Namaskar was effective in reducing the blood pressure level among the pre-hypertensive clients.
Bridging Diagnostic Gaps In Tuberculosis: The Significance Of Is6110 And Mpb64 In Pulmonary And Extrapulmonary Tb, And The Role Of Nucleic Acid Amplification And Multidimensional Testing For Global Health And Wellbeing
The causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of the global health concerns with morbidity and mortality. TB presents in two forms; pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) affects the lungs, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) affects organs other than the lungs. The study was carried out at DNA Labs, DLCAS, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, where 85 clinical materials, including broncho alveolar lavage (BAL), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pus, and biopsies were studied. ZN staining and PCR targeting IS6110 and mpb64 genes were performed as per standard protocol. Amplification of M. tuberculosis PCR assays included standard protocols. Fragment of DNA were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. ZN staining detected AFB in 9.4% of 85 specimens. IS6110 was more frequently detected than MPB64 (27 IS6110 positive vs. 13 MPB64 positive by PCR). The performance of ZN was good for PTB but moderate for EPTB and low bacterial loads. PCR was more sensitive and specific and showed that the gene markers varied between specimen types. The EPTB and negative or mixed results of initial tests posed particular diagnostic challenges. These findings highlight the need for a multimodal diagnostic approach integrating ZN staining and higher-tier molecular methods, such as nested PCR. Patients showed gender- and age-based variations in tuberculosis detection, with specific symptoms including abscesses or meningitis having higher odds of positive results. With various diagnostic tests failing to detect all forms of malignant diseases, the new study underscores the importance of employing diverse diagnostic methods. Failure to apply these additional tests may lead to an incomplete diagnosis of tuberculosis.
AI-Driven Diagnostics: Data Protection and Patient Empowerment in Indian Healthcare
Artiﬁcial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of healthcare globally, with its diagnostic applications holding immense promise for improving accuracy, eﬃciency, and accessibility of medical services. In India, a nation characterized by its vast and diverse population, coupled with signiﬁcant disparities in healthcare access, AI-driven diagnostics present a unique opportunity to bridge existing gaps and enhance patient outcomes. However, the integration of AI into sensitive domains like healthcare diagnostics introduces complex challenges, particularly concerning data protection and patient empowerment. This paper explores the multifaceted implications of AI-driven diagnostics within the Indian healthcare context, focusing on the critical interplay between technological advancement, regulatory frameworks, and individual rights. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study synthesizes existing literature, analyzes relevant policies, and examines illustrative cases to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current scenario. We delve into the opportunities presented by AI in improving diagnostic precision, enabling early disease detection, and extending healthcare reach to underserved populations. Concurrently, the paper critically assesses the inherent risks associated with handling vast amounts of sensitive patient data, including privacy breaches, algorithmic bias, and the potential for misuse. Furthermore, it investigates how AI can be leveraged to foster genuine patient empowerment, ensuring informed consent, data ownership, and active participation in healthcare decisions, rather than merely automating processes. The research highlights the imperative for robust data protection laws, ethical guidelines, and digital literacy initiatives to safeguard patient interests in an increasingly AI-driven healthcare ecosystem. It also proposes policy recommendations aimed at creating a balanced framework that encourages innovation while upholding the fundamental rights of patients. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on responsible AI deployment in healthcare, oﬀering insights speciﬁcally tailored to the unique socio-economic and regulatory environment of India.
FASTag in India: A Financial Review of Adoption, Usage, and Economic Impact
FASTag, which is an RFID-based electronic toll collection system, marks yet another milestone in India’s journey towards digital infrastructure and smart transportation. This review paper examines FASTag from an economic and operational viewpoint. It provides an overview of its evolution, technological structure, adoption, and cost implications. According to the news stories that I incorporated into my development. Their development was hindered by journalists and television programs. The system has improved toll revenue collection, reduced operational costs, increased user convenience and cyber audits have become stronger. The transition to digital has led to behavioural changes in the users like financial planning and digital payments. Even though there are problems including technical failures, refund delays, irregular customer support and lack of financial literacy, especially in rural India. The paper discusses how policy interventions and public-private partnerships can drive adoption. It also mentions integration with ancillary services. It emphasizes that FASTag can also be used for financial inclusion, green and future mobility ecosystem like GPS-based tolling. The study wraps up with suggestions for enhancing user experience and making it more equitable, while also regarding FASTag as a transformative innovation with immense potential.
Evaluation of the Necessity of Nasogastric Tube in Gastric Surgery: A Comparative Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Background: The routine use of nasogastric (NG) tubes in gastric surgery remains controversial. Although NG tubes are traditionally employed to prevent postoperative complications, their necessity has been questioned due to potential discomfort and adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the necessity of NG tube placement by comparing postoperative outcomes between patients with NG tubes (intubated) and those without (tubeless). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh, from October 2023 to September 2024. A total of 60 patients who underwent gastric surgery for malignant and benign conditions were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: Group I (intubated, n=30) and Group II (tubeless, n=30). All patients received epidural pain control. Key parameters included preoperative serum albumin levels, postoperative complications, time to passage of stools, time to first oral feeding, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Group I (intubated) had significantly longer times for bowel sound return (88.01 ± 20.17 hours vs. 76.5 ± 21.87 hours, p = 0.038), bowel movement (119.28 ± 23.81 hours vs. 95.07 ± 25.67 hours, p = 0.004), and oral resumption (118 ± 24.27 hours vs. 105.52 ± 22.99 hours, p = 0.045). Pulmonary complications were more common in Group I (33.3%) than in Group II (3.3%, p = 0.002). The mean hospital stay was shorter in Group II (7.76 ± 1.98 days) compared to Group I (9.55 ± 2.19 days, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that omitting nasogastric tubes in gastric surgery results in faster recovery, fewer complications, and reduced hospital stay. These findings suggest a tubeless approach may be advantageous, particularly in improving recovery times and minimizing pulmonary complications.
“Physiological understanding of chakshurendriya w.s.r. To chakshushya dravya.”
Ayurveda is the ancient medical science existing since or before the human creation. Ayurveda has main two aims, i.e., prevention and promotion of health and secondary cure from the disease. Eye is one of the sensitive organs permanently exposed to different environmental agent. To take care of our eyes our Acharya's describe Chakshushya Dravya and other rejuvenating medicines to nourish damage and weakened retinal tissue. The word Chakshushya means promotion of Eye health. In present scenario, due to lifestyle modifications eye has become more susceptible to various ocular diseases. Hence prevention and promotion of ocular health plays a major role. The present review has been undertaken to identify the Aushadh and Aahar Dravyas, which are having Chakshushya (wholesome for eyes) property from samhita and Nighnatus. The study reveals references of many Dravyas having Chakshushya property. Here an attempt is made to analyse the drugs having the Chakshushya property from Ayurvedic Classics.
Dr .Punita Sharma, Dr.Deepak Sangwan, Dr Ruchika
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (Filgrastim) for the Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia in Children
Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy, marked by fever and critically low absolute neutrophil counts, leading to heightened infection risks, morbidity, and treatment interruptions. FN affects up to 40% of patients on standard chemotherapy and is particularly common in regimens for hematologic cancers and solid tumor. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs), such as filgrastim, help restore neutrophil counts by stimulating bone marrow activity. Filgrastim reduces the duration and severity of neutropenia, improving treatment continuity. Despite newer agents like pegfilgrastim, filgrastim remains widely used, especially in low-resource settings, though its dosing and side effects require careful management.Aim of the study: This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of filgrastim in managing chemotherapy-induced FN, focusing on its effectiveness in neutrophil recovery, reduction of hospitalization duration, and overall patient outcomes.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of BSMMU in Dhaka, Bangladesh, enrolling 135 children with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) during 1.5 years, from January 2023 to July 2024. Inclusion required confirmed malignancy, recent chemotherapy, and FN diagnosis, while exclusions included prophylactic G-CSF use and bone marrow failure. Data were collected using a structured form covering demographics, clinical details, chemotherapy regimen, FN onset, and Filgrastim administration (5 μg/kg/day subcutaneously). Outcomes included ANC recovery, fever resolution, hospital stay, ICU need, mortality, and FN recurrence. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26.0 with descriptive statistics.Results:Among 135 patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia, the mean age was 16.2 FrontiersinHealthInformaticsISSN-2676-71042024;Vol13:Issue8www.healthinformaticsjournal.comOpenAccess6951years, with 76 males. ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) 48.14%, AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia)14.81%, NHL(Non-HodgkinLymphoma)14.07%, Ewing’sSarcoma (3.70%), Rhabdomyosarcoma (2.96%), Hodgkin Lymphoma (8.14%), Hepatoblastoma (4.44%), Others (3.70%). FN occurred mainly during the 2nd or 3rd chemotherapy cycle, predominantly with platinum-based regimens. Filgrastim was initiated within 1.2 days of FN onset and continued for 5.6 days. The average ANC recovery time was 4.8 days, and the fever resolved in 2.9 days. Bone pain occurred in 16% of patients. Hospital stay averaged 6.2 days, with a 96% recovery rate, 8% ICU admission, 4% mortality, and 16% FN recurrence in later cycles.Conclusion: Filgrastim effectively reduced the duration of neutropenia, fever, and hospitalization in children with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia. It was well-tolerated with minimal side effects and high recovery rates. These results support its use as a safe and beneficial adjunct in pediatric oncology for managing febrile neutropenia in resource-limited settings.
Effect Of Medicine Ball Exercises On Hand Grip Strength And Flexibility Of College Male Students
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of medicine ball exercises on hand grip strength and flexibility of college male students. For the study research scholar selected fourty college male students at the age of 18-20 years and divided into two groups experimental group (N=20) and control group (N=20). Hand grip strength was measured with hand grip Dynamometer and flexibility was measured with ‘Sit and Reach Test’. Experimental group was participated in the medicine ball exercises. Data was analysed with the help of descriptive analysis and ‘t’ test. These findings suggest that medicine ball exercises are effective in enhancing hand strength and flexibility in college students. Experimental group was significantly improving the hand strength and flexibility because of participation in medicine ball exercises.
Impact Of Contaminated Water On The Prevalence Of Diarrheal Diseases In Children
Background: Who die from diarrheal diseases make up a substantial portion of worldwide mortality along with morbidity rates while especially affecting populations lacking sufficient WASH services. The route acts as a primary means for pathogens consisting of both viral and bacterial agents alongside parasitic ones to spread. Water contamination associations serve as fundamental information to develop efficient public health preventive measures. Objectives: to determine polluted drinking water affects child diarrheal disease frequency. The Study investigates both water quality parameter associations with infection rates for developing prevention strategies. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study. This study was conducted in the low income villages in district Fasialabad of Pakistan from Jan 2024 to june 2024 Methods:100 children from different water quality location communities to participate. Water microbial testing determined contamination levels while interviews and medical records data obtained health information about diarrheal episodes in children. The Study team used mean age, standard deviation, and p-values to evaluate the relationship between contaminated water and diarrheal disease frequency rates in their statistical examination. Results: 100 patients whose mean age level was 3.8 years (with an age standard deviation of ±1.2 years). Children who drank water from contaminated sources developed diarrheal disease at a higher rate than other patients (p < 0.01). People who consumed water containing E. coli faced a greater risk of developing diarrhea according to statistical data (p = 0.003). The problems brought by unsanitary conditions intensify microbial infection frequencies that show how essential safe drinking water is. Conclusion: Dirty water exposure strongly drives up child cases of diarrhea issues. Health authorities need to implement three main intervention methods which include improved water treatment together with better sanitation infrastructure and health education campaigns to decrease the disease burden. Secure public health measures alongside accessible clean water supply remain vital for protecting susceptible communities from waterborne diseases.
"Integrating Traditional And Modern Metrics: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Dhatu Sarata And Ergographic Muscle Efficiency"
This study investigates the correlation between Dhatu Sarata (tissue excellence) in Ayurveda and muscular performance measured through Mosso's ergography. Dhatu Sarata evaluates the qualitative state of bodily tissues ( Dhatu ), which Ayurvedic texts associate with physical strength ( Bala ). Modern ergography objectively quantifies muscle endurance and work capacity. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 215 healthy participants (105 male, 110 female) aged 18–25 years. Dhatu Sarata was assessed using the standardized AyuSoft C-DAC questionnaire, while Mosso's ergograph measured finger flexor contractions under controlled resistance. Statistical analysis revealed significant positive correlations ( p < 0.05) between Mamsa Dhatu Sarata (muscle tissue excellence) and ergographic work output in both genders (Male: r = 0.570; Female: r = 0.228). Similarly, Asthi Dhatu Sarata (bone tissue excellence) showed significant associations (Male: r = 0.224; Female: r = 0.348). No significant correlations were observed for other Dhatu ( Rasa, Rakta, Meda, Majja, Shukra ) or Satva Sarata . These findings validate Ayurvedic principles linking Mamsa and Asthi Dhatu to physical strength, demonstrating convergence between traditional tissue assessment and modern biomechanical metrics. The study highlights the potential of integrating Ayurvedic diagnostics with ergographic analysis for a holistic understanding of muscular efficiency. Further research should explore molecular and structural mechanisms underlying these correlations to enhance integrative health approaches.
A Secure and Scalable Encryption Framework for Cloud Data Protection and Storage Optimization
In this study, we propose a hybrid encryption framework combining RSA and ECC cryptographic techniques to secure cloud-stored keywords. While this approach offers robust encryption and enhances cloud data safety, the risk of forgery remains a concern. To address this, researchers have explored fragmentation-based solutions, which involve dividing data into smaller fragments, encrypting them, and distributing them across multiple cloud servers to prevent unauthorized access. However, existing efforts often overlook the potential knowledge loss caused by fragmentation, emphasizing the need for a tailored approach to mitigate this challenge. Our framework introduces a data-type-specific fragmentation strategy designed to accommodate the heterogeneity and size of cloud-stored data. This approach not only minimizes the risk of data loss but also optimizes cloud storage utilization. To evaluate its effectiveness, we compare the proposed framework against state-of-the-art random fragmentation techniques and traditional non-fragmentation methods, employing multiple performance metrics. The results highlight the potential of our solution to enhance both data security and cloud storage efficiency.
Balaji Venkateswaran, Ashwini Kumar, Asheesh Pandey, Niharika Singh, Ashish Jolly, Ritu, Shakti Kumar, Gayatri Kumari
Development And Characterization Of Folic Acid Conjugated Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes
The development of folic acid conjugated multi wall carbon nanotubes (FA-MWCNTs) allowed for the regulated and less toxic distribution of methotrecate (MTX). MWCNTs were functionalized one after the other to create MTX/FA-MWCNTs. In phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) with a pH of 7.4, MTX was physically loaded onto virgin MWCNTs and FA-MWCNTs. The entrapment efficiency, in vitro release, hemolytic toxicity, and ex vivo tests on the lung epithelial cancer cell line "A-549" were assessed. MTX was effectively incorporated into both the pristine and FA-MWCNT formulations, with the FA-MWCNTS formulation exhibiting the maximum trapping of MTX at 90.3 ± 1.8%. The study examined the in-vitro release of MTX from MTX/FA-MWCNTs at 7.4 (PBS), exhibiting a quicker initial release followed by a sustained release. Furthermore, it was discovered that, when applied to the lung epithelial cancer cell line "A-549," MTX/FA-MWCNTs was more cytotoxic and less hemolytic than free MTX.
Gross morphological changes in placentae in patients of pregnancy induced hypertension in district Dera Ismail Khan
OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy induced hypertension is regarded as a risk factor in pregnancy and it adversely affects the development of placenta and growth of fetus. The objective of the study was to observe different morphological parameters in placentae like areas of infarction & calcifications, shape and color in patients of pregnancy induced hypertension and their comparison to placentae of normotensive pregnant females. Study Design: A Case-control observational study. Palace And Duration Of Study. Department of anatomy. Gomal medical College DIK from January 2020 to October 2020 MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was conducted at anatomy department Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan. It was a case control study. A total of 150 placentae were taken from labor room of zanana hospital District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital. Patients were divided into three groups. Group A was 50 normotensive pregnant females taken as control, group B was 50 patient with mild PIH. Group C was 50 patients with sever PIH.Placentae were observed on different morphological parameters like infarcted and calcified areas, color of placentae and shape of placentae. RESULTS: Student T test was applied while comparing quantitative variables of two groups. One-way Anova was applied while comparing more than two groups. While observing infarcted area in the two groups, there is significant increase in infarcted areas with severity of disease with p-value 0.000**. Qualitative variables were expressed in terms of percentages. Majority of placentae were discoid with oval margins in all the groups with percentages of 64%, 64% and 80% respectively. Color of all the placentae in group A & B were maroon while only 2% of placentae in group C was bluish which was non-significant. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy induced hypertension severely affects development of placentae as revealed by increase in areas of infarction.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine as Direct Pulp Capping Agents in Permanent Teeth with Deep Carious Lesions
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Mineral Tri-oxide aggregate and bio-dentine in direct pulp capping of patients reporting to Rehman College of Dentistry Peshawar. Study Design: A Randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) Place and duration of study. Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rehman College of Dentistry, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. From January 2022 to January 2023. Material and methods: A total of 80 subjects were divided randomly into two groups, i.e., of Mineral Tri-oxide aggregate and Biodentine. Patients aged 18-40 years, both genders, with deep carious lesions, symptoms of reversible pulpitis, and vital teeth with no peri-apical radiolucency were included. Direct pulp capping was done with MTA in Group I (n = 40) and Biodentine in Group II (n = 40). All the patients were called for follow-up after 3 weeks, and subjective assessment of pain was done on the VAS scale. Pulp vitality was assessed by the EPT test. The absence of subjective pain and the presence of pulp vitality on the EPT test was considered the success (effectiveness) of that specific treatment. A chi-square test was applied for the comparison of outcome variables. Results: The mean age was 24.69 (±4.95) years, with a range from 18 to 40 years. The females were 36 (45.0%), and the males were 44 (55.0%). The frequency of moderate pain was higher in MTA (n=5, 12.5%) than Biodentine (n=2, 5%), but the results were not statistically significant (p=0.49). Similarly, the efficacy of pulp capping (p=0.51) and pulp vitality (p=0.709) was not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion: There is no difference between Biodentine and MTA in pain, pulp efficacy, and pulp vitality. No association was found with age group, gender, diabetes, and smoking.
Crude Plant Extracts with Anti-Diabetic Potential: Revisiting Traditional Herbal Remedies for Diabetes Care
Background: The objective of this investigation was to assess the anti-diabetic properties of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts in diabetic rodents that had been induced with alloxan. Approaches: Following an acute toxicity test, alloxan was implemented to induce diabetes in Swiss albino rodents for scientific purposes. The two-week fasting mean blood glucose level in normal, diabetic mice that were not treated, and diabetic mice that were treated with alcoholic and aqueous extracts was the subject of the investigation. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 20, was employed to conduct a statistical analysis of the data. Statistically significant was defined as a P-value that was less than 0.05. Results: The extracts were found to contain steroids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and terpenes following phytochemical screening. These substances may have an effect on the extracts' anti-diabetic properties. Nevertheless, the preparations were devoid of anthraquinones and alkaloids. Conclusion: The Alcohalic extract (200 mg/kg) exhibited the highest percentage reduction in blood glucose levels, and the ability of Hibiscus syriacus extracts to reduce blood glucose levels is likely due to the presence of antioxidant constituents, such as flavonoids.
Unlocking Healthcare: An Experimental Assessment On The Awareness Of Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (Ab-Pmjay) In Gautam Buddha Nagar
In September 2018, The Hon'ble Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi launched "Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna," a groundbreaking initiative for health protection. The scheme aligns with United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. Through this program, nearly 10 crore low-income families can receive free medical care worth up to ₹5 lakhs per family per year. The program is groundbreaking in the field of public health, aiming to alleviate low-income families of the burden of medical bills & Out of Pocket expense and help the program revolutionary in the field of public health. Aim & Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the factors influencing Gautam Buddha Nagar benefiaries’s awareness of AB-PMJAY and to gauge their level of awareness.. Methods: Using stratified random sampling, 384 participants participated in a cross-sectional study. Utilization patterns, awareness levels, and demographics were all covered by the structured questionnaires used to gather data. Results: The study's encouraging awareness levels of AB-PMJAY is 62.5% . While rural areas demonstrated significant progress at 53.9%., urban areas achieved impressive awareness rates of 68.2%. Education became a major factor in raising awareness and opening doors for focused improvement Conclusion: The results of this study show that awareness levels are high and there is potential for growth. These findings provide a strong foundation for strategic interventions to further enhance understanding and maximize the use of AB-PMJAY services.
Mr. Rakesh Thakur, Dr. Priti Verma, Dr. Pooja Rani
Visualizing the Evolution of Educational Technology in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis using R Studio
This study offers a bibliometric analysis performed in R Studio to depict the growth of educational technology (EdTech) in higher education. The study uses bibliometric tools to track the evolution of EdTech research over time, finding major trends, influential articles, and emergent issues. This research sheds light on the transformational effect of technology in higher education pedagogy by analyzing academic literature, citation networks, and keyword mapping. The paper's goal is to contribute to a better understanding of integrating technology in teaching and learning activities inside higher education institutions by depicting ICT, EdTechs, online learning, and educational progress in higher education. The findings of this bibliometric analysis are useful for academics, educators, and policymakers looking to use educational technology's potential to improve teaching quality and student achievement.
Telemedicine Adoption: Assessing The Impact Of Telehealth Technologies On Chronic Disease Management. A Bibliometric Analysis
Background: Telemedicine adoption continues to reshape chronic disease management through the use of technology to enhance patient care and health outcomes. Objective: To map the research landscape on telehealth and chronic care by conducting a bibliometric analysis of literature published between January 1 2005, and June 30, focusing on articles and reviews in English. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection. The analysis included research articles and reviews but excluded non-English-language publications. Bibliometric data were analyzed for trends, regional contributions, influential researchers, institutions, and key themes. Results: A total of 912 publications (635 research articles and 277 reviews) were assessed. Research activity increased significantly, peaking in 2023 with 134 publications. The United States led with 236 publications and 14,687 citations, followed by Europe. Asia, particularly China and South Korea, showed exponential growth in research output. Renowned researchers include Smith J (Johns Hopkins University), Lee H (Seoul National University), and Martinez C (Hospital Clinic of Barcelona). Johns Hopkins University produced the most publications, while articles from the Karolinska Institute had the highest citation frequency. Leading journals in this field included Telemedicine and e-Health, Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR), and JMIR mHealth and Health. Key themes identified were remote patient monitoring, digital health tools, teleconsultations, and patient engagement. Conclusion: Telehealth plays a critical role in enhancing continuous patient care, improving compliance with at-home treatment plans, and enabling timely interventions. The analysis highlights the need for international collaboration and interdisciplinary research to advance telemedicine capabilities further and achieve better outcomes for chronic disease management.
Mechanisms And Treatment Challenges In Breast Cancer Development And Metastasis
Background: Currently, breast cancer remains one of the most common types of cancer and its incidence is still high. Understanding the pathogenesis of diseases and the issues that are important about treatment increases the quality of treatment. In this paper the tendencies concerning breast cancer and the processes that contribute to its growth and spread are considered, as well as the challenges associated with current treatment approaches are discussed (Barrios 2022). Methods: The study was a cross-sectional quantitative study, and self-complete anonymous structured questionnaires were given to HCPRs, researchers, and breast cancer patients. Some questions may concern genetic and hormonal mechanisms, available pharmacotherapy, and challenges related to them; and new pharmacotherapy options. Descriptive data were also calculated using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, internal consistency by Cronbach’s Alpha, and Chi-square test of independence and t-test group comparison test (Trapani, Ginsburg et al. 2022). Results: Understanding Level, Treatment Effectiveness and Quality of Life Impact were found not to be normally distributed (p < 0.05). Cronbach’s Alpha was low because a low variability indicated low reliability, or if certain items were missing. Chi-square tests were non-significant for Gender and Personal/Family History (Chi-square = 0.78) and Education Level and Biggest Challenge (Chi-square = 0.65). To perform an F-test for the gender differences in the understanding levels, data could not be complete and therefore was not done (Malik, Ahmed et al. 2022). Conclusions: The findings point to potential deficiencies in data accuracy and survey credibility and inform future research settings and data collection. Consequently, there was no reveal of strong correlations and the analysis should employ methodological progress to provide efficient recommendations for the characteristics and treatment of breast cancer. More research should take into consideration these shortcomings to expand the status and advance knowledge of backed interventions (Mehrotra and Yadav 2022).
A Study Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Of Contraception Among Reproductive Age Woman Seeking Medical Termination Of Pregnancy
Introduction: India has the second largest population in the world, growing rapidly. Currently our population is increasing at the rate of 16 million each year [1]. The Government of India revised the National Population Policy in 2000, with the objective of bringing down the total fertility rate to the replacement level by the year 2010. Inspite of constant efforts by the government, unmet needs still remain. There is a need to analyze the reasons for these unmet needs to the core in order to better understand the situation and to help the government to formulate relevant policies. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraception among reproductive age women seeking medical termination of pregnancy (MTP). Materials and methods: This was an observational, prospective, questionnaire-based study, conducted on 100 women aged between 18 to 45 years, who were admitted in the ward for medical termination of pregnancy. Women who were terminating pregnancy due to congenital malformations in foetus or due to assault were excluded from the study. Results: Most of the women were aware of male condom (96%), the most common source of information being family and friends (98%). Majority (74%) had used some method of contraception, which was mostly male condoms. The most common reason for using contraception was that they had completed their family (47%). Among the women who never used any contraception, the most common reason was fear of adverse effects (30.8%). Conclusion: The study concluded that knowledge or awareness of contraception does not always lead to the use of the same. Many women did not use any contraception inspite of being aware of the methods due to various reasons. This shows the need for implementation of educational and motivational activities in order to enhance participation and reduce the unmet needs of family planning.
Study To Compare And Correlate The Effect On Iron Deficiency Anaemia On Cognition In Young Adult Females
Background: The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in young Indian women especially the urban population is on a rise since a past few years due to various factors including inclination towards processed food. Anaemia, particularly iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), is a prevalent public health issue in India, affecting a significant portion of the population, including children, adolescents and women. Recent data from 2024 indicates that anaemia continues to be a challenge, with substantial implications for cognitive function among adolescents. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been observed in individuals with anaemia, suggesting a potential link between iron status and cognitive performance. Methods: The study was an analytical correlational study conducted at the Central Neuro-Physiology Lab, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH) in Wardha, focusing on adult females of reproductive age, ranging between 18 and 30 years old. The total sample size for this study was determined to be 260, with 130 women diagnosed with Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) and 130 non-anaemic healthy women. Purposive sampling techniques were utilized for participant selection. Hematological evaluation was conducted through Complete Blood Count and serum ferritin analysis. Cognitive assessment was performed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to examine the association between haemoglobin, serum ferritin levels and cognition. Results: The findings suggest that there was no statistically significant difference in age, weight, height, and BMI between females with iron deficiency anaemia and healthy females (p>0.05). However, hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations were notably lower in anaemic females compared to healthy females (p < 0.001). Additionally, the total MoCA score was significantly lower in anaemic females compared to healthy females (p<0.001). MoCA score showed significant positive correlation with haemoglobin (r 0.667, p <0.001) and ferritin levels (r 0.652, p < 0.001) indicating that cognitive function diminishes with severity of anaemia. Specifically, individuals with moderate anaemia exhibited the lowest MoCA score of 22.94±2.479, while those with no anaemia displayed the highest MoCA score of 26.48±2.175. This disparity was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The linear regression model indicated that a unit decrease in ferritin decreases the MoCA score by 0.145 (95%CI; 0.124-0.166), and a unit decrease in the hemoglobin decreases the MoCA score by 1.182 (95%CI; 1.020-1.344), which was statistically significant. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that anaemic women had significantly lower cognitive scores compared to the healthy non-anaemic group. High levels of hemoglobin and ferritin showed a moderate positive correlation with higher cognitive performance. These findings suggest that cognitive function in young females is moderately influenced by IDA, highlighting that IDA is one of the potential risk factor for cognitive impairment.
Role of Serum Sodium Levels, Intra-Operative Blood Pressure, and Non-Surgical Risk Factors in Predicting Anastomotic Leaks Following Emergency Bowel Resections
Background and Objectives - Anastomotic leak is a serious complication following emergency bowel resections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to assess the role of serum sodium levels and intra-operative blood pressure values in predicting anastomotic leaks. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate other non-surgical risk factors influencing the occurrence of post-operative anastomotic leaks in emergency bowel surgeries. Method - This is a longitudinal observational study conducted at JSS Hospital, Mysuru, over 18 months. A total of 100 patients undergoing emergency laparotomy with bowel resection and primary anastomosis were included. Serum sodium levels were measured preoperatively, and intra-operative blood pressure values (Mean Arterial Pressure <65 mmHg) were recorded. Other non-surgical factors such as age, serum albumin, hemoglobin, creatinine, and total leukocyte count were also analysed. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationship between these variables and the incidence of anastomotic leaks. SPSS (Version 26.0) was used for analysis. Results - Significant predictors of anastomotic leaks included low intra-operative MAP (<65 mmHg) (p < 0.001), hyponatremia (Na < 130 mEq/L) (p = 0.013), low serum albumin (<2.7 g/dl) (p = 0.002), elevated total leukocyte count (TLC >11000) (p = 0.008), high serum creatinine (>1.4 mg/dl) (p = 0.039). Intra-operative MAP had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 48%, while hyponatremia had a sensitivity of 38% and specificity of 84%. Conclusion -Serum sodium levels and intra-operative MAP are significant predictors of anastomotic leak following emergency bowel resections. Other factors such as hypoalbuminemia, elevated TLC, and anemia also contribute to the risk of leaks. Early identification of these factors may improve outcomes by guiding perioperative management and optimising patient care. A risk-scoring system incorporating these variables can assist in identifying high-risk patients and potentially reduce the occurrence of anastomotic leaks.
Therapeutic Potential of 2,5-Dimethoxy-p-Cymene and Thymol methyl ether from Arnica montana Essential Oils: Neuro-protection and Stress Mitigation
Arnica Montana (AM), a medicinal plant traditionally used in India for stress-related conditions, has been studied for its bioactive compounds. In this study, two isolated AM compounds, 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (DMC) and thymol-methyl ether (TME), were evaluated for their impact on different stress induced models to access the oxidant and neurotransmitters level in the different brain regions. CUS exposure (two daily stressors over seven days) significantly altered the monoamines levels, which were normalized by pretreatment with DMC and TME (50 mg/kg p.o.). CUS also reduced the levels of different neurotransmitters levels like noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine. Additionally, stress also affects the glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. Moreover, it is increasing the lipid peroxidation (MDA). Treatment with DMC and TME attenuated these CUS-induced changes, similar to the effects of Panax quinquefolium as reference. In this study we are focusing on the potential of DMC and TME in managing stress-related disorders.
Optimized Deep Learning Models for Early Prediction and Analysis of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, ranking as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It primarily affects the large intestine and rectum, with an estimated 930,000 deaths attributed to CRC in 2020, accounting for 10% of all cancer fatalities worldwide(Fadlallah et al., 2024) (Roshandel et al., 2024). The disease often develops from precancerous lesions, making early detection through screening vital for effective management("Colorectal cancer", 2023).
From Borrowing to Contributions: The Financial Landscape of Elderly Healthcare in Haryana
This study investigates the financing of out-of-pocket health expenditures (OOPHE) for the elderly in Haryana, India, highlighting the significant economic challenges faced by households. Utilizing data from a household survey conducted in 2020-21, the research reveals that a staggering 76.2% of total OOPHE for the elderly is financed through contributions from family members, borrowings, and the sale of physical assets. Specifically, contributions account for 52.5% of OOPHE, with the highest reliance observed among the wealthiest households (83.1%) and those with uneducated elderly members (77.5%). Borrowings emerge as a critical source of financing, particularly among Scheduled Caste (SC) households, where 60.6% resort to loans for healthcare expenses. The study also indicates that 23.8% of OOPHE is financed through the sale of assets, with this figure rising to 52.4% among elderly individuals with higher secondary education or above. Alarmingly, more than three-fifths of the total OOPHE (41.1%) is borne through borrowings and asset sales, underscoring the desperation and deprivation faced by these households. The findings highlight the limited role of insurance and reimbursements, which are often negligible due to inadequate coverage and reporting challenges. This reliance on distressed financing mechanisms raises concerns about the sustainability of healthcare access for the elderly and calls for urgent policy interventions to universalize healthcare facilities. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive health policies that protect vulnerable populations from the economic burdens of healthcare, ensuring equitable access to necessary medical services for the elderly in Haryana and beyond.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Therapy Versus Whole Body Vibration on Quadriceps Strength Post Burn
Severe burns are linked to significant muscular loss and atrophy. Muscle wasting refers to the involuntary loss of 5%–10% of muscle mass, while individuals with severe burns may experience an abrupt loss of up to 25% of total body mass. Whole-body vibration and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) individually affected quadriceps strength post-burn. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of either pulsed electromagnetic field therapy or whole-body vibration on quadriceps strength post-burn. This study involved thirty patients of both genders, aged 25 to 40 years, with second-degree burns covering 10%-25% of TBSA. They were recruited from Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital at Alsharqiya Governorate, Egypt, and divided at random into two equal-sized groups. Group (A) was given whole-body vibration training three times weekly for 6 weeks, while group (B) was given pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, three sessions weekly for six weeks. The standard physical treatment program was administered to both groups (splinting, stretching, strengthening, and range of motion exercises) for quadriceps muscles and medical treatment. The strength of the quadriceps was assessed for both groups using a handheld dynamometer at baseline as well as six weeks post-intervention. Both groups' mean values of quadriceps strength increased significantly after therapy. Nonetheless, upon comparison, the enhancements in group B were statistically significant relative to those in group A. (p = 0.002). Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy was more effective than whole-body vibration in improving quadriceps strength post-burn.
Occupational health and safety management in logistics, Mainly Warehouses & depots In Saudi Arabia
Logistics operations are crucial for economic growth, with warehouses and depots playing a vital role in supply chain networks. The Saudi Arabian logistics industry is experiencing growth due to urbanization, e-commerce expansion, and government initiatives like Vision 2030. However, occupational health and safety (OHS) standards in warehouses and depots are lagging behind, leading to risks such as musculoskeletal injuries, slips, falls, and exposure to toxic substances. The lack of safety training, non-compliance with international OHS standards, and cultural barriers further compound these risks. To address these challenges, a focus on OHS practices is necessary to create safe and healthy workplaces, align with international standards, and enhance workforce capabilities. Stricter OHS legislation, state-of-the-art safety technology, and a positive safety culture are crucial for ensuring worker safety without impeding operations in the logistics sector. Additionally, challenges related to technology adoption, workforce diversity, and cultural factors necessitate comprehensive research and interventions to improve OHS practices in Saudi warehouses and depots.
Nomophobia and BMI Among Health Care Providers: A Prevalence and Association Study.
Background: These days, smartphones are used in many aspects of our lives, particularly in the medical industry. One of the drawbacks of mobile phones that has significantly increased in recent years is nomophobia, also known as "No Mobile Phobia," which is the dread of feeling uneasy without a cell phone. Aim: Assess the prevalence of nomophobia among health care providers and assess its relation to BMI. Methods: 137 participants were assessed for nomophobia level using nomophobia questionnaire as well as BMI assessment and their sociodemographic characters, the correlation between nomophobia level and BMI was assessed. Results: All the participants involved in the study (n=137) had nomophobia 100%, most of the participants had moderate nomophobia 59.85% and 16.79% had severe nomophobia and 23.36% had mild nomophobia, there was a significant positive correlation between nomophobia level and BMI. Conclusion: As a common health issue in the modern world, nomophobia needs to be addressed and managed as well as it’s associations and consequences.
Ultrasound-Guided Management of Frozen Shoulder: A Study on Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy
Background: Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a common cause of shoulder pain and restricted movement. Ultrasound-guided techniques have emerged as a precise method for diagnosing and managing this condition, offering real-time visualization and targeted interventions. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided approaches in frozen shoulder management. Methods: This prospective study involved 100 patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder who underwent ultrasound-guided hydro dilatation and steroid injection. Clinical outcomes were assessed through range of motion (ROM) improvement, pain scores using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and functional recovery based on the Constant-Murley score over a 12-week follow-up period. Adverse events and procedural efficacy were also analyzed. Results: Significant improvements were observed in ROM, pain scores, and functional outcomes post-intervention. VAS scores reduced from a mean of 7.8 ± 1.2 at baseline to 2.5 ± 1.0 at 12 weeks (p < 0.001). The Constant-Murley scores increased from 35.4 ± 8.6 to 78.2 ± 10.4 (p < 0.001). No major adverse events were reported. Ultrasound-guided hydro dilatation demonstrated high efficacy and patient satisfaction rates. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided management of frozen shoulder significantly improves clinical outcomes, offering a minimally invasive, precise, and effective alternative to conventional treatments. Further studies are warranted to explore long-term benefits and optimize techniques.
Formulation And Evaluation Of Different Dosage Form Of Saraca Asoca
The present study focuses on the systematic formulation and evaluation of multiple dosage forms derived from various parts of Saraca asoca (Ashoka), a plant revered in traditional medicine for its broad spectrum of therapeutic activities, particularly in female reproductive health. Recognizing the risk of its endangerment, the research promotes sustainable utilization by converting different plant parts—roots, stems, bark, leaves, and seeds—into pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Under the brand name “PAENK” (Pure Ashoka Extract for Natural Kare), a series of products such as ointments, syrups, decoctions (kashaya), oils, soaps, granules, powders, and tambuli were developed and evaluated. Each formulation underwent organoleptic, physicochemical, and stability analysis to assess their quality and suitability for topical and oral application. The study demonstrated favorable pH levels, stability indices, and bioactive content across formulations, highlighting the potential of Ashoka-based products for therapeutic and cosmetic use. This work not only validates traditional uses but also offers a sustainable platform for herbal product innovation.
Prof. Ashwini D. Tonde, Komal S. Kalkar, Achal G. Bangare, Ekta R. Chaurpagar, Neha B. Mahale, Dr. Sanjay S.Toshniwal
Association Between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Oncoproteins E6 and E7 and VEGF Expression in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Background: Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a significant global health challenge. While human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and angiogenesis are known contributors to carcinogenesis, the relationship between HPV oncoproteins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression remains poorly understood. Objective: This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF and its association with HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, along with their correlation to clinicopathological parameters. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 80 newly diagnosed OSCC cases. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect VEGF expression and HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins. Expression patterns were correlated with clinicopathological features including tumor differentiation, stage, and lymph node involvement. Results: VEGF expression was detected in 85% of cases, with significantly higher expression in carcinoma compared to adjacent dysplastic tissue (p=0.004). HPV16/18 E6 positivity was observed in 37.5% of cases, while E7 (HPV16) and E7 (HPV18) were positive in 26.25% and 20% of cases respectively. VEGF expression significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (p=0.012) but showed no significant association with HPV oncoprotein expression. No significant correlations were found between VEGF expression and other clinicopathological parameters including age, gender, tumor size, and lymph node status. Conclusion: Although VEGF expression and HPV infection are crucial elements in oral and oropharyngeal tumor progression, their mechanisms appear to be independent. The significant increase in VEGF expression during malignant transformation highlights its role in promoting vasculogenesis within the tumor microenvironment, suggesting VEGF as a potential therapeutic target, particularly in early-stage disease. These findings contribute to the understanding of angiogenic mechanisms in OSCC and may support the development of targeted therapies.
Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of comorbid conditions in pediatric patients with autistic spectrum disorder
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) causes repetitive behaviors and social communication issues. Many children with ASD also have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, epilepsy, or intellectual disabilities. Identifying these comorbidities helps Autism Spectrum Disorder children receive comprehensive care and improve outcomes. Autism Spectrum Disorder children often have other health issues, but few studies have been done, especially in India. Objective: This study examined the prevalence of co-occurring disorders in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and related disorders like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, anxiety, epilepsy, and sleep disorders. Method: This 18-month cross-sectional study examined IGIMS and Patna patients from the duration of Feb-2022 to Aug-2024. One hundred Autism Spectrum Disorder -diagnosed children were sampled. Data came from clinical records, diagnostic tests, and parent interviews. Comorbidities included Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, anxiety, epilepsy, sleep, and gastrointestinal disorders. The prevalence of each comorbid condition was calculated using descriptive statistics. Results: The study found that 80% of the pediatric patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder had at least one comorbid condition. The most prevalent comorbidities were anxiety disorders (40%), ADHD (35%), and epilepsy (20%). Sleep disorders and gastrointestinal issues were also common, with 25% and 10% of patients affected, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated significant associations between the presence of comorbidities and the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder symptoms. Conclusion: Comorbidities are common in pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder patients, so early detection and multidisciplinary management are essential. Clinicians must screen children carefully because common comorbidities like anxiety, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and epilepsy can affect development and quality of life. Early intervention and individualized Autism Spectrum Disorder and co-occurring disorder treatment are essential to improve outcomes in this group.
Sanjay Kumar, Mayank Priyadarshi, Sunil Kishore ,Priyanka
Collimation And Radiation Safety: A Comparative Study Of Digital And Analogue Lumbar Spine Imaging
In medical imaging, proper collimation is essential to minimize patient radiation exposure while ensuring diagnostic quality. With the introduction of digital radiography, concerns have arisen that collimation practices may have deteriorated due to the flexibility of digital imaging systems, which can mask excessive collimation. This study aimed to investigate whether collimation practices in lumbar spine frontal radiographs have changed since the adoption of digital radiography. A total of 150 radiographs were included in the study, with 75 images from each of two hospitals. Collimation was assessed by measuring the proportion of the irradiated field outside the area of diagnostic interest (ADI) for both digital and analogue samples. The results revealed that digital samples exhibited significantly larger irradiated areas, with 60.5% of the irradiated field outside the ADI compared to 42% in analogue samples. The mean irradiated field size was also larger in digital samples (791 cm²) compared to analogue samples (541 cm²). The study found no significant effect of patient age on the irradiated area outside the ADI, indicating that the observed differences were primarily due to the shift from analogue to digital technology. These findings suggest that digital radiography may inadvertently lead to reduced attention to collimation, thereby increasing patient radiation exposure. Radiography departments should prioritize the enforcement of proper collimation practices despite the flexibility provided by digital imaging systems. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of these changes on patient safety and image quality
Dr.V.Revanth, Dr.Vignesh Balasubramanian
The Impact Of Glass Ceiling On Work Engagement And Psychological Health Of Female Faculty And Female Doctors In Universities And Hospitals: Role Of Emotional Intelligence
This study investigated the impact of the glass ceiling on the work engagement and psychological health of female faculty and female doctors and examined the role of emotional intelligence between the variables. The glass ceiling presents challenges that intensify at senior levels, potentially affecting work engagement and psychological health of female employees. The line graph visualized relationships and changes in data over time or sequential intervals of the variables. It represents continuous data with clarity and makes them particularly effective for identifying patterns and illustrating dynamic relationships between variables. By displaying data points connected by lines, they reveal trends such as high, low, or cyclic behaviours, enabling them to detect anomalies and predict future outcomes. Furthermore, their versatility makes a cornerstone in the graphical representation of these research findings. Self-administered questionnaires highlight the fluctuation of glass ceiling, work engagement and psychological health and emotional intelligence. The results show a significant negative relationship between the glass ceiling and work engagement and psychological health. Emotional intelligence plays a key role, helping female faculty and female doctors cope with the burnout and stress of career barriers and improving their engagement towards work at the organization. The study is limited to universities due to time and resources constraint. Recommending for longitudinal studies and considering other factors as well. This study uniquely explores the role of emotional intelligence in the impact of glass ceiling on work engagement and psychological health of female faculty and female doctors, suggesting gender equity and support to female faculty and female doctors in climbing the ladder in the educational institutions.
Understanding the Interplay Between Employee Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Commitment in Climate Change Adaptation Efforts in Indian Corporations
The role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in climate change adaptation has garnered increasing attention, especially in India. Employees' organizational engagement is affected and shaped by their view of CSR, specifically regarding sustainability and environmental initiatives. The link between worker perspectives of CSR and their involvement with organizational climate trade adaptation initiatives within Indian groups is investigated in this paper. The views of fine employees on CSR and their dedication to climate trade variation projects show a clean relationship inside the studies. Workers who saw CSR as accurate, effective, and aligned with their ideals showed more potent organizational loyalty and were more willing to participate in projects at climate exchange adaption. One vital aspect became management conversation; open and honest messaging on CSR tasks encourages extra staff involvement. Responses by locale indicated that workers in industries directly affected by climate change—such as manufacturing, power, and agriculture—were more likely to view corporate social responsibility (CSR) as essential to their company's adaptation strategies. Considering its implications, organizations need to ensure their CSR initiatives are realistic, closely aligned with environmental objectives, and appropriate for their core business processes. Strengthening organizational commitment depends greatly on open leadership communique and clear proof of the effect of CSR. Using green climate alternate adaption techniques and selling lengthy-term sustainability inside Indian agencies relies on recognizing the interplay between CSR impressions and employee commitment. This paper emphasizes the want to match CSR tasks with organizational ideas with a view to having vast effects on weather resilience
Characterization Of Protein Expression In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma By MALDI-TOF- A Pilot Case Control Study
Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma makes up to 90% of the oral cancer cases. Proteomic profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma will enable better understanding of the proteins expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization- time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technology was used to analyse the proteins expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: In this study, serum and plasma samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients (n=5) and apparently healthy individuals (n=5) were collected. The samples were then subjected to MALDI-TOF analysis. Insilico analysis of the protein-protein interactions was performed by using STRING and CYTOSCAPE. Results: The proteomic analysis of the plasma and serum of OSCC and control samples resulted in the differential expression of 62 proteins. Two of the plasma proteins FAM71B, Keratin Type II cytoskeletal 1 showed statistically significant expression in OSCC samples. The insilico analysis revealed that the proteins in plasma especially NCOR1, MED22 are known to have high degree of centrality. Conclusion: The proteomic profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma samples have showed involvement of various proteins that may be potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Mudiyayirakkani Muthusamy, Ramya Ramadoss, Pratibha Ramani
Exploring the Role of Indian Corporations in Community Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies Through Corporate Social Responsibility and Climate Resilience
Given its great sensitivity to the effects of climate change, India calls for proactive responses from both public and non-governmental sectors to handle climate adaptation and mitigating issues. Emerging as a key framework for companies helping to contribute to the climate resilience initiatives of the nation is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Using focused actions, Indian companies have been significantly helping to promote environmental sustainability and strengthen community resilience against climate change effects. This study examines how Indian companies may use CSR projects to support community adaptation and mitigating efforts. According to the CSR reports of leading firms, they have achieved significant advancements in renewable energy, climate-smart agriculture, disaster resilience, and water conservation. Companies along with Tata Power and Adani Green Power have made substantial investments in renewable electricity, consequently decreasing CO₂ emissions and supporting nearby areas. ITC and Mahindra & Mahindra have saved water and raised crop yields using -clever farming techniques. Agencies like Reliance Industries and Larsen & Toubro have improved readiness and response systems via catastrophe resilience projects, assisting underprivileged corporations in places at risk of screw-ups. Businesses like ITC and Tata Chemicals also save millions of liters of water yearly, enabling communities to manage their limited resources better. CSR projects show their capacity to impact sustainable development and climate resilience favorably. Scaling and achieving these initiatives and guaranteeing their long-term influence still provides difficulties; however, maximizing the success of these projects depends on strengthening regulatory systems, increasing openness, and matching business activities with national climate targets. Ultimately, CSR may be important in creating a future India resistant to climate change.
Neglected Spontaneous Bilateral Quadriceps Tendon Rupture: An Uncommon But Important Complication Of A Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report And Review Of Literature
Introduction: Spontaneous tendon ruptures involving quadriceps, triceps, and finger tendons, characterizing uremic tendinopathy, are seen in about 15% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis. Weakness and rupture of tendons in CKD are correlated with the duration of renal failure and length of treatment with hemodialysis. The resulting malnutrition, ß2 -amyloidosis, and accumulation of uremic toxins have been suggested to be causative factors for spontaneous tendon rupture. The unknown and untreated nature of renal failure with elevated serum PTH and low pH stresses the role of hyperparathyroidism and metabolic acidosis, the classical complications of renal failure, in the pathogenesis of uremic tendinopathy. This is a challenging condition that requires specialized treatment and management. Case Presentation: We report a 40-year-old female with neglected spontaneous bilateral quadriceps rupture with chronic kidney disease. The patient experienced pain, swelling and sudden weakness in both her knees while climbing stairs 2 months before coming to the hospital. She felt pain in the upper area of both knees for around three months before falling. The patient was later referred to our hospital for an MRI examination, which showed bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture. The patient was treated with bilateral transosseous repair of the quadriceps tendon. The patient could lift her leg one 1 month later and walk normally without aid 3 months later. The KOOS score of this patient was 78%, and the Kujala score was 79% in the fifth month after surgery. Discussion: Quadriceps tendon ruptures usually occur during a rapid, eccentric contraction of the quadriceps muscle, with a planted foot and partially flexed knee due to a fall or direct blow. Bilateral ruptures are very rare and strongly associated with systemic illnesses like hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, obesity, systemic lupus erythematosus steroid use, and diabetes mellitus. Metabolic acidosis may result in tendon degeneration due to disruption of the structure of the protein-polysaccharide complex, which is responsible for collagen maturation. Early operative repair is indicated for all acute complete quadriceps tendon ruptures. The transosseous suture technique has been the most used treatment for the disorder. As most quadricep injuries in this group of individuals occur at the tendon insertion, there is no distal stump for the direct suture to be safely performed. Conclusions: Spontaneous quadriceps rupture is a rare condition many chronic diseases can cause. Proper medication and surgery should be performed early. However, successful results have been reported in chronic cases with surgery performed as late as 1 year after injury
Krisna Yuarno Phatama, Edi Mustamsir, Ananto Satya Pradana, Domy Pradana Putra, Hudzaifah Al Azmi Manaf
Self-Esteem And Impulsivity In Adolescents Affected By Violence In Kashmir: Moderating Role Of Gender
Researchers in a variety of areas have linked adolescent violence to low self-esteem. Adolescents in India's Kashmir region have been negatively impacted by the ongoing violence. The current study's conceptual framework therefore postulates, with gender as a moderator in a relationship between self-esteem and impulsivity among Kashmiri adolescents. Quantitative and causal approaches were used in this investigation. Overall, 403 questions were used in this investigation because they were useful in some way. The youth of the Kashmir area of the J&K Union Territory were asked to fill out a survey that was dispersed around the region's several districts. The path analysis results show that all three dimensions of impulsivity and self-esteem have a significant negative association. Gender also moderates the association between impulsivity and self-esteem. ANOVA results also show interesting findings. This work has many implications for scholars and practitioners.
Analysis Of Managerial Factor Perception Of Nurse Job Satisfaction In Inpatient Installation Of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan City
Job satisfaction is a common attitude toward a person's job that shows the difference between the amount of rewards workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive. Factors that can affect job satisfaction include motivation, environment, the role of the manager. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of managerial factors on nurses' job satisfaction in the inpatient room of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan City. The type of research used in this study is an analytical survey with a crosssectional design. The total population is 469 people. The sampling technique uses Systematic Random Sampling with a sample of 83 people. Data collection using questionnaires. Univariate analysis with frequency distribution techniques, bivariate analysis with chi square formula and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression tests. The results of this study showed that there were five variables that had a significant relationship with job satisfaction, namely leadership variables (p = 0.000), decision making (p = 0.003), personality (p = 0.015), communication (p = 0.000), negotiation (p = 0.007), one variable that did not have a significant relationship, namely self-development (p = 0.739). The results of the multivariate analysis found that there were two variables that influenced the level of job satisfaction, namely leadership variables (OR=72.8) and personality (OR=49.0). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the perception of managerial factors on job satisfaction with the dominant influential variables being leadership variables and communication variables. By knowing several aspects that affect nurses' job satisfaction, nursing management is expected to maintain internal customer satisfaction so as to create good public services.
Arifah Devi Fitriani, Asriwati Amirah, Nuraini, Yuniati, Rakhmad Rizqi Pradana, Teguh Suharto
Comparison Of Nebulized Lignocaine With Dexmedetomidine Versus Nebulized Lignocaine With Clonidine In Obtunding The Laryngoscopic Responses-A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Background: Major autonomic responses produced by endotracheal intubation may cause dangerous cardiovascular complications, especially in patients with known heart diseases. These responses can be attenuated by local anaesthetics, such as lignocaine, which reduce afferent nerve stimulation. Adjunctive agents, namely the alpha-2 adrenergic agonists dexmedetomidine and clonidine, have recently been found to potently add to the effects of lignocaine to minimize the stress response during intubation. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of nebulized lignocaine with dexmedetomidine versus nebulized lignocaine with clonidine in blunting hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation on heart rate and blood pressure during and after the procedure. Methods: This was a randomized, control, double-blind study in 60 adult patients who underwent any elective surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups. In Group A (Control Group), patients received lignocaine with dexmedetomidine 1ml (50µg) and Group B (Study Group) received lignocaine with clonidine 1ml (150µg). The two drug combinations were given by nebulization 15 minutes before induction. All the patients' hemodynamic parameters, like heart rate and mean arterial pressure, were monitored at baseline after nebulisation, during laryngoscopy, and at intervals at 1,5 and 10 min after intubation. Post Operative Sore Throat (POST) and other adverse events were also assessed. Results: The reduction in heart rate at baseline in Group A 78.2 ± 8.1 bpm and in Group B 80.2 ± 8.8 bpm with significance of p value < 0.05, during laryngoscopy Group A was 92.3 ± 9.1 bpm and in Group B was 102.4 ± 10.2 with significance of p value 0.01, immediate laryngoscopy Group A was 98.2 ± 9.6 bpm and in Group B was 110.4 ± 11 bpm with significance of p value 0.02, at post intubation 1min in Group A was 95.4 ± 10.0 bpm and in Group B was 106.1 ± 10.8 with significance of p value 0.01, post intubation 5 min in Group A 84.9 ± 7.6 bpm and in Group B 90.2 ± 9.5 bpm with p value of < 0.05, post intubation 10 min in Group A 80.2 ± 7.1 bpm and in Group B 82.5 ± 8.9 bpm with significant p value of 0.05. Mean arterial pressure at baseline at baseline in Group A 87 ± 5 mm of Hg and in Group B 90 ± 4 mm of Hg with significance of p value < 0.05, During laryngoscopy 104 ± 7 mm of Hg in Group A and in Group B 116 ± 8 mm of Hg, immediately after intubation in Group A 117 ± 6 mm of Hg and in Group B 129 ± 7 mm of Hg with p < 0.05, at post intubation 1min in Group A was 110 ± 5 mm of Hg and in Group B was120 ± 6 mm of Hg with significance of p value 0.04 , post intubation 5 min in Group A 96 ± 4 mm of Hg and in Group B 106 ± 5mm of Hg with p value of < 0.05, post intubation 10 min in Group A 90 ± 3 mm of Hg and in Group B 99 ± 4 mm of Hg with significant p value of < 0.05. Occurrence of Sore throat in 1 hour - 2 patients reported in Group A whereas 8 in Group B, at 6 hours 1 patient reported in Group A whereas 6 in Group B and in 24 hours 4 patients in Group B whereas in Group A no sore throat. Adverse event rates were comparable between the groups and therefore suggested a good safety profile for clinical use. Conclusion: The combination of nebulized lignocaine with dexmedetomidine shows better hemodynamic stability compared to lignocaine combined with clonidine. Both treatments administered were effective and safe, but dexmedetomidine had a better profile when compared with clonidine in obtunding laryngoscopic response and reduction in post operative sore throat
Sathiya Narayanan. S, Dr. Venkatramanaih, Sasikumar. V, Murali Manoj. M, Karthikeyan E
Bilateral Anterior Osteotomy for Bladder Exstrophy at Older Age: A Case Report
Introduction: Pubic diastasis in bladder exstrophy is a complex condition requiring intervention as soon as possible to achieve a tension-free abdominal wall. While most literature highlights the successful procedures conducted early, more studies need to report the management in older age. We herein report the management of pubic diastasis for bladder exstrophy at older age. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old girl presented with bladder exstrophy requiring surgical reconstructive surgery with a team comprising of Orthopaedic, Urology and Plastic Surgery Departement. Intraoperatively, bilateral anterior osteotomy was performed to correct the 10 cm pubic diastasis. The correction then facilitated bladder reconstruction and subsequent skin closure overlying it. A modular external fixator was installed to maintain the correction. Then, a post-operative radiograph was obtained, and 1.5 cm of pubic diastasis was revealed. Clinical Discussion: Bladder exstrophy is a congenital anomaly where the bladder is everted outside the body, affecting 2.07 of 100,000 births, with male predominance. Risk factors include alcohol, misoprostol, heparin, valproic acid, and diazepam exposure during pregnancy. The condition has a high potential for malignancy, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as high as 3-40% due to intestinal epithelial metaplasia. Surgical procedures like pelvic osteotomy are advised due to advances in prenatal diagnosis. Conclusions: Bilateral anterior osteotomy combined with an external fixation device could be a solution to correct pubic diastasis in bladder exstrophy among older age patients.
Respati Suryanto Dradjat, Panji Sananta, Andryan Hanafi Bakri
Evaluation of Cold Chain and Vaccine Management Practices at Cold Chain Points in Durg, Chhattisgarh
Background: Effective vaccination relies on cold chain integrity, but infrastructure and training challenges in regions like Durg, Chhattisgarh, India, can compromise vaccine efficacy. This study assesses cold chain practices and gaps in Durg's healthcare facilities. Method: A cross-sectional study across 15 health facilities utilized a structured checklist, examining cold chain equipment, temperature monitoring, and vaccine management. Results: Most facilities maintained functional cold chain equipment and diligent temperature monitoring. However, gaps were found in equipment placement (57.1% compliance) and instances of vaccine damage (35.7%). Conclusion: Addressing equipment placement, enhancing staff training, and improving monitoring documentation are key to bolstering vaccine safety and program effectiveness.
Md Shamim Siddiqui , Mohammad Jawed Quereishi
Reviewing Bioenhancers in Traditional Indian Medicine: Exploring their Potential Mechanisms and Applications
Background: Natural bioenhancer is a natural substance that can improve the effectiveness and absorption of a drug or nutrient when combined with it, without displaying any typical pharmacological activity at the dosage used. By using natural bioenhancers, the required dose can be reduced, the treatment duration shortened, and the recovery rate increased. The main mechanisms underlying phyto-bioenhancers involve influencing drug absorption, such as affecting solubility, drug efflux, and transport proteins, increasing permeability in the gastrointestinal system, and affecting drug metabolism by inhibiting or inducing drug metabolizing enzymes and producing a thermogenic effect. This study explores the concept ,potential mechanisms and applications of bioenhancers in traditional Indian medicine, particularly Ayurveda. Methods: The review will likely discuss relevant scientific literature on bioenhancers in traditional Indian medicine, focusing on their mechanisms of action and documented applications. It might also explore historical references to bioenhancers in Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita and SushrutaSamhitafor references to "Anupana" and "Yogavahi," terms associated with bioenhancement. It further investigates the categorization of bioenhancers and the use of examples like piperine (black pepper) and "Trikatu" (ginger, black pepper, long pepper) in Ayurvedic practice. Results: The research demonstrates a long-standing tradition of using bioenhancers in Ayurveda. Historical understanding was based on empirical evidence, while contemporary research is unveiling the scientific mechanisms behind their efficacy. Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of bioenhancers in traditional Indian medicine and emphasizes the importance of scientific inquiry for validating and integrating these practices into modern healthcare. The potential of bioenhancers in traditional Indian medicine and pave the way for further research on their mechanisms and applications in modern healthcare.
Pinal Patil, Mayuri Gupta, Dr Alok Semwal, Dr Neeraja Kamakshi.U, Dr Mangesh V Tote, Dr Madhu C Divakar, Dr Abida ,Dr Rajesh Dodiya
A Study on Teaching Competency of Secondary School Teachers within Siaha Town in relation to type of School Management and Educational Qualification of the Teachers
Teachers’ teaching competency refers to the professional ability and skillset of the teachers to manage the teaching-learning process. While teaching is a professional job, there are certain professional educational qualifications required to be able to perform as a teacher at different levels of education offered in a given place. However, even teaching at the same level of education, teachers may have different levels of teaching competency. Therefore, for the present study, the investigators have taken a sample of 116 secondary school teachers which is the total number of secondary school teachers within Siaha Town; and the investigators have taken variables like type of school management and educational qualification as independent variables that could influence the dependent variable i.e. teaching competency of the teachers. The result of the investigation noted no significant difference in the level of teaching competency among secondary school teachers of Siaha Town in relation to type of school management (Government VS Private) and educational qualification (undergraduates VS Postgraduates).
Mr. C. Laitha, Dr. Vanlaltanpuii ,Mr. Zoramsanga
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Vitamin D Among Second Year Medical Students In Udaipur – An Observational Study
Vitamin D, an essential fat-soluble nutrient, is synthesized in the epidermis upon exposure to UVB sunlight or obtained from dietary sources such as oily fish, egg yolks, veal, beef, liver, and sun-dried mushrooms. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is widely regarded as the most reliable marker of vitamin D status, reflecting both endogenous production and dietary intake. Although there is ongoing debate regarding optimal 25(OH)D levels, a serum concentration below 25 nmol/L is generally considered indicative of vitamin D deficiency. In our study we included second year students as Second-year medical students have typically completed basic science courses, including physiology, biochemistry, and nutrition, providing them with foundational knowledge about vitamins and their physiological roles. This makes them an ideal population to evaluate the translation of theoretical knowledge into practical behaviour. As future healthcare professionals, these students will play a critical role in educating patients about nutrition and lifestyle interventions. Understanding their current knowledge and attitudes toward vitamin D can help identify gaps in their education that might impact their future practice. Second-year medical students are still early in their medical training, meaning interventions based on study findings (e.g., educational programs) can influence their attitudes and practices before these habits become ingrained. Medical students often serve as informal educators to peers, family, and friends. By identifying their knowledge gaps, this study can enhance their capacity to promote awareness about vitamin D among their social and professional circles.
Dr. Shipra Sharma, Dr Bipa Mazumdar,Dr Garima Bansal
Examining the Effectiveness of National Voluntary Guidelines (NVG) in Enhancing Sustainability Reporting Practices in Selected Indian Banks
Purpose – The study highlights the core elements of National voluntary guidelines (NVG) and examines the sustainability reporting practices undertaken by select Indian banks.The top ten public banks of India have been intensively investigated in the current research by implementing the content analysis based on secondary data and is categorized as descriptive and causal research.The study focuses on analyzing the sustainability reporting practices adopted by the selected Indian public banks and the elements of sustainability disclosures that are a part of descriptive research. The analysis shows several implications for bankers and policymakers as it provides a broad picture of the sustainability practices of the selected Indian public banks. The banks low on NVG reporting principles need to expand their strategies such as on Involuntary labor, operating regions, etc. Principle 7 of NVG was the least reported principle by banks as a large number of banks do not disclose information about public policy.The small size of the sample imply limited generalization. The study suggests that banks should adopt wide core elements of NVG to transform the landscape of sustainability practices. The higher participation by the banking sector helps in achieving high levels of reporting of core elements. By focusing on sustainability reporting according to NVG, which has not yet been investigated, the present study reveals many new elements concerning the NVG framework.
Ankit Kumari,Dr. Razia Nagina ,Dr. Vandana Sheoran ,Pradeep Singh ,Harish Kumar
Lane Tumor with lame prognosis: An unusual case report.
According to WHO 2020, Lane tumor commonly called as Spindle cell squamous carcinoma (SCSC) is classified under malignant epithelial tumors, a monoclonal dedifferentiated form of conventional squamous cell carcinoma accounting only 1%. Though a rare variant, it represents an aggressive bimorphic/biphasic neoplasm exhibiting poor survival outcome, increased metastasis and recurrence. A 67-year-old male reported with an ulcerated nodular growth in the oral cavity, diagnosed as SCSC on incisional biopsy. It was T4N1M0. The management call was neo-adjuvant chemotherapy instead of surgical resection with radical neck dissection as it was too morbid. Unfortunately, the patient expired within 2 months of diagnosis before completing the planned chemotherapy cycles. This unusual case is documented because of sarcomatoid component which can mislead histopathological diagnosis with various other similar looking reactive, benign and malignant lesions and its worst prognosis, making SCSC one of the most challenging and interesting of all the head and neck tumors.
Dr. Sorte Rakshata R., Dr. Dive Alka M., Dr. Moharil Rohit B., Dr. Bagdey Shubhangi P. ,Dr. Bodhade Ashish S, Dr. Pakhale Aayushi P
Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in newly diagnosed hypothyroidism patients
Objective: to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in newly diagnosed patients of hypothyroidism in a tertiary care center of southern Rajasthan. Material and methods: present study is a cross-sectional study conducted in a y tertiary care center of southern Rajasthan and includes 100 newly diagnosed cases of hypothyroidism excluding old cases who are already taking treatment or patients with chronic illnesses. Hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin and thyroid profile (T3, T4, TSH) along with peripheral smear study was evaluated in all the cases. Results: Most of the patients (71%) in the study group were from age group 31- 50 years. 82% patients were female while 18% were male. Out of 100 hypothyroid cases, 74% had iron deficiency anemia. Peripheral smear revealed that mild to moderate microcytic hypochromic anemia is more common in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients (62%). Mean TSH in present study was 19.83 ± 5.81 mIU/L. Mean serum iron and serum ferritin in present study were 36.15±7.61µg/dl and 25.72±7.39 ng/ml. conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients in present study was found to be 74% which is much higher than the global prevalence of anemia (i.e. 24.3%). Further controlled studies and meta-analysis are required to identify and establish a definite relationship between thyroid status and iron profile of patients.
Shikha Maheshwari ,Nita Sahi ,Hemendra Bamaniya
Local Drug Delivery Strategies Towards Cataract
Background: Delivery of drug is the most important because of bioavailability. From recent decades health system become advanced and invent several new technologies for the successful delivery of drug. Delivery system is the key of formulation which decide the delivery pattern. Objective: This review enlightens the idea of several method by which drug can be administered in case of cataract. Cataract is a type of ophthalmic disease which effect the lens of eye by which vision were blur or total loss of vision. Method: The data for the respective study has been collected by referring various published studies using PubMed and Google scholar as search engine. Data published by publishers like Bentham Science, Elsevier, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Nature, Plos One, etc were referred for content. Result: In initial stage cataract can be treated with the drugs like n-acetylcysteine, n-acetylcarnosine but in complicated case surgery were provide save the patient from total vision loss. Conclusion: Cataract is a severe disorder which cannot be prevented. It caused due to many reasons like age, diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, etc. It effects the ocular part of human body by which vision were cloudy and, in some cases, it may total vision loss. In case of cataract, it is essential to deliver accurate amount of drug which prevent complicated situation.
Dr. Elavarasi B, Dr.Pankaj Nainwal, Shweta Singh, Sachin Puri Goswami, Dr. Bhagawati Saxena, Dr. Dipali M. Dhoke, Dr Abida, Dr Ankita Wal
Impact of Cement Factory emission on Air Quality and Human health around Khrew and Khanmoh villages, Kashmir
The present study examines the yearly and seasonal patterns of air quality in the Khanmoh and Khrew regions of Kashmir between 2014 and 2023, with a particular emphasis on PM10 levels and AQI readings. The study finds complicated patterns impacted by local characteristics, commercial activity, and weather swings using data from the state pollution control board and AQI technique. Seasonal investigation shows divergent patterns, with Khanmoh showing better summer conditions and Khrew having worse winter air quality. The study emphasises the need for well-informed policy responses to address the region's air pollution concerns, notwithstanding its limitations, which include limited data and a narrow scope of pollutants. The study also shows a substantial correlation between particulate matter concentration and health outcomes by extending its analysis to include a correlation between PM10 levels and disease incidence in Khanmoh and Khrew. This emphasises how crucial it is to comprehend how air pollution affects public health and how important it is to have all-encompassing mitigation methods in place for its negative consequences.
Syed Rizwana Qadri , Mudasir Ahmad Dar , Laiba Anwar
Impact of Androgenic Alopecia on Quality of Life Using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA), commonly known as male or female pattern baldness, is the most prevalent form of hair loss affecting both genders. It often leads to significant emotional and psychological distress, impacting self-esteem, social interactions, and overall quality of life (QoL). Despite its widespread occurrence, the psychosocial burden of AGA remains inadequately explored, particularly in the Indian context. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AGA on QoL using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) among patients attending a tertiary care hospital in South India. Methodology: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. A total of 214 patients diagnosed with AGA were recruited, comprising both males (68.69%) and females (31.31%), aged 18 years and above. Demographic and clinical data, including family history, duration, and severity of hair loss, were collected. QoL was assessed using the DLQI questionnaire, which evaluates physical, emotional, and social dimensions. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and Pearson correlations, were performed using SPSS version 26.0 to identify associations between DLQI scores and patient demographics or clinical characteristics. Results: The findings revealed that AGA significantly affected the QoL of participants. Moderate (34.58%) and very large (23.36%) impacts were the most commonly reported categories, with extremely large effects observed in 7.94% of cases. Males reported broader variations in impact, while females exhibited higher distress levels in moderate and very large categories. Although younger participants (18–24 years) reported milder effects, those aged 25–32 years experienced more severe QoL impacts. Longer durations of AGA (1–2 years and >2 years) were associated with greater distress. Severity of hair loss was linked to higher DLQI scores, with Grade 3 and Grade 4 cases showing substantial psychosocial burdens. Despite these patterns, no statistically significant correlations were found between DLQI scores and variables such as gender (P=0.17), age (P=0.68), or duration (P=0.46). Conclusion: This study highlights the considerable psychosocial burden associated with AGA, particularly in individuals with advanced hair loss. Although no statistically significant associations were identified, trends indicate that the severity and duration of hair loss correspond to higher QoL impacts. These findings underscore the need for early intervention strategies that address both physical and emotional aspects of AGA. Integrating dermatological treatment with psychosocial support can improve outcomes and overall well-being for affected individuals, emphasizing the importance of culturally tailored care approaches.
Venkata Dileep Kumar Veldi, Kusuma Chellaboina, Arun Kumar Metta, Anika Goel, Sri Sai Praneeth Angara, Singupuram Sai Teja, Lakshmi Rohitha Challa, Venkata Anirudh Chinta, Roshini Varma Dantuluri, Sarath Chandra Ponnada
Ethosomal Delivery Systems for Beta-Sitosterol: Formulation and Stability Studies for Dermatological Applications
Successfully delivering hydrophobic bioactives for skin-related uses continues to pose a considerable challenge because of issues with solubility, stability, and permeability. This research explores ethosomal delivery mechanisms for beta-sitosterol, a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substance derived from plants. Ethosomes, which are lipid-based vesicular carriers that include ethanol, were developed through a thin-film hydration method and fine-tuned for optimal encapsulation efficiency, stability, and skin penetration capabilities. The encapsulation efficiency peaked at 30% ethanol, reaching 88%, accompanied by nanoscale vesicles measuring 145 ± 5 nm and a stable zeta potential of -35 ± 1 mV when stored under refrigerated conditions. Studies conducted in vitro revealed a prolonged release of beta-sitosterol, showing 55 ± 4% at the 12-hour mark, in contrast to traditional emulsions. Research on skin permeation indicated that ethosomal formulations markedly improved penetration (45 ± 3 µg/cm²) and retention (25 ± 2 µg/cm²) when compared to emulsions. Research on stability demonstrated that ethosomes preserved their integrity when stored under refrigerated conditions for a duration of three months. The results highlight ethosomal systems as a potentially effective method for administering beta-sitosterol in skin-related therapies.
N. G. Raghavendra Rao, Rajiv Yadav, Sheetal Negi , Vaishanvi M, Prithu Pathak, Hitesh Chaturvedi , Rishika Rawal, Angesh Kumar
The Hidden Epidemic: Alcohol and Domestic Violence in Rural Rajasthan
Background: Domestic violence remains a significant public health issue, particularly in rural areas, where its causes and effects are often influenced by socio-economic and cultural factors. In rural Jaipur, alcohol consumption has emerged as a primary contributor to domestic violence, affecting women's mental and physical well-being. Aim: To investigate the causes and effects of domestic violence against married women in rural Jaipur. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural Achrol, Jaipur, with 332 married women aged 15-49. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, socio-economic status, husband's profile, and details of domestic violence experienced. Results: Alcohol consumption was the leading cause of domestic violence (41%), followed by job dissatisfaction and family-related stress. The most common effects included anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and physical health issues, as reported by 12.1%, 8.4%, and 17.7% of respondents, respectively. Conclusion: The study highlights alcohol consumption as the predominant cause of domestic violence in rural Jaipur, with significant mental health repercussions. Addressing alcohol abuse and improving socio-economic conditions are crucial for reducing domestic violence and its impact on women's health.
Roopali Nath Mathur, Himansu Tanwar, R.K. Manohar, Abid Manzoor, Yashika Gupta, Sachin Khandelwal, Mohit Mathur
Revolutionizing Healthcare: Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare Opportunities and Challenges
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes, improve operational efficiency, and drive medical research improvements. AI-powered techniques, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, can analyze massive volumes of data with unparalleled precision and speed. These systems offer early disease identification, individualized treatment strategies, predictive analytics, and more efficient administrative operations. AI also promotes innovation in drug discovery and medical imaging, which accelerates medical advancements. Despite its promise, using AI in healthcare poses considerable hurdles. Data privacy and security remain top priorities, since the delicate nature of medical data necessitates rigorous adherence to ethical and regulatory requirements. Limited interoperability across healthcare systems and varying data quality impede the seamless integration of AI solutions. Furthermore, the implementation of AI necessitates substantial investments in infrastructure, qualified staff, and training. Resistance to change and trust difficulties among healthcare professionals and patients can impede widespread adoption. The ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare must be carefully considered, especially in decision-making processes when human lives are at stake. Bias in AI systems might result in inequitable outcomes, needing rigorous testing and ongoing monitoring. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and technology developers must work together to create transparent regulatory frameworks that address these issues while encouraging innovation. Despite these hurdles, successful AI implementations in radiology, pathology, and telemedicine demonstrate the technology's promise to transform healthcare delivery. By using AI responsibly and inclusively, the healthcare industry may overcome hurdles and create opportunities to offer high-quality, accessible, and efficient treatment to people all around the world. Implementing AI in healthcare involves a complex interplay of potential and difficulties that must be carefully examined to enable successful implementation. This study investigates the complex nature of AI in healthcare, using a literature review method to identify main opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation.
Dr. Nagalakshmi M.V.N., Y.V.N. Sai Sri Charan, Dr. Renuka S, Dr. Praveen Suthar, Dr. C. Jothi Baskara Mohan, Dr. Sudarshana Borah
Effect of the Professor's Ethical Philosophy and Perception of Class Quality on Critical Thinking and Sense of Belonging to the University, with the Mediating Role of Academic Goal Orientation among Students at Al-Iraqia University in Baghdad.
This research aims to examine the relationship between the professor's ethical philosophy, perception of class quality, critical thinking, and sense of belonging to the university, with the mediating role of academic goal orientation among students at Al-Iraqia University in Baghdad. The study population consisted of all students at Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad. Based on Cochran's sampling formula and considering the large size of the population, a sample of 384 students was selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the following questionnaires: Kojala's (2009) Ethical Philosophy, Seraaj's (2002) Teaching Quality, Bried, Betty, and Watt's (2004) Sense of Belonging to the University, Elliott and McGregor et al.'s (2001) Academic Goal Orientation, and Ricketts' (2003) Critical Thinking. The reliability of the questionnaires was 0.78, 0.80, 0.82, 0.88, and 0.78, respectively. The results indicated that the professor's ethical philosophy had no significant relationship with students' critical thinking (r = 0.009). However, the professor's ethical philosophy was significantly related to students' sense of belonging to the university (r = 0.238). There was a significant relationship between the perception of class quality and critical thinking (r = 0.192) and between the perception of class quality and students' sense of belonging to the university (r = 0.536). Furthermore, academic goal orientation had a significant relationship with critical thinking (r = 0.649) and a sense of belonging (r = 0.221) among students. The professor's ethical philosophy showed a significant relationship with students' sense of belonging through the mediating role of academic goal orientation (r = 0.039). Perception of class quality also had a significant relationship with students' sense of belonging through the mediating role of academic goal orientation (r = 0.075). The results showed a significant relationship between the professor's ethical philosophy and critical thinking with the mediating role of academic goal orientation (r = 0.115). Additionally, perception of class quality had a significant relationship with critical thinking with the mediating role of academic goal orientation (r = 0.221).
Emad Ebrahim Ahmed Al-Azami , Hassan Ghalavandi
Investigating the impact of the cooperative teaching approach (collaborative teacher) through integrating the art and math curriculum on improving the quality of learning outcomes (cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor) among elementary students in the ci
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the cooperative teaching approach (collaborative teacher) through integrating the art and math curriculum on improving the quality of learning outcomes (cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor) among elementary school students in the city of Karbala. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population consisted of 3,600 elementary students in Karbala, from which a sample of 30 students was randomly selected and divided into an experimental group and a control group (15 students in each group). The research instrument was the Learning Outcomes Levels Questionnaire by Namest (2014). The cooperative teaching method through the integration of art and math curricula was applied to the experimental group. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA). The findings revealed that the cooperative teaching approach (collaborative teacher) through the integration of art and math curricula improved mathematics learning among elementary school students in Karbala in the post-test stage. Additionally, it enhanced the cognitive and emotional domains of the students in the post-test stage. However, the cooperative teaching approach (collaborative teacher) through the integration of art and math curricula did not improve the psychomotor domain of the students in the post-test stage. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers design lesson plans combining art and mathematics in a way that allows students to explore both subjects simultaneously.
Qasim Hossein Abdul Asari , Mohammad Hassani, Masoumeh Talebi
Examining the relationship between thinking styles and self-efficacy in learning with students' performance in history, with the mediating role of goal orientation and autonomous motivation.
Abstract This study aims to examine the causal relationship between thinking styles and self-efficacy in learning with the academic performance of secondary school students in history, with the mediating role of goal orientation and autonomous motivation in the city of Babel, Iraq. The statistical population of the study included all history students in the cities of Babel/Hilla, totaling 3,500 individuals. Based on the sample size table by Krejcie and Morgan (1970), a sample of 346 students was randomly selected through cluster sampling. To collect data, the following questionnaires were used: the Jinks and Morgan (1999) Learning Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Elliot and McGregor (2001) Goal Orientation Questionnaire, the Ryan and Connell (1989) Self-Determined Motivation Questionnaire, Sternberg's (1997) Thinking Styles Questionnaire, and students' history scores to assess performance. The reliability of the questionnaires was found to be 0.90, 0.82, 0.86, and 0.80, respectively. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between the following thinking styles: legislative, executive, judicial, monarchic, hierarchical, oligarchic, anarchic, global, local, internal, external, and free-thinking with goal orientation (r = 0.076, -0.104, 0.237, -0.237, 0.099, -0.178, -0.374, -0.363, 0.125, 0.323, 0.233, 0.551). Additionally, learning self-efficacy had an impact on goal orientation (β = 0.670). Based on the coefficient of determination (R²), 44.9% of the variance in learning self-efficacy was shared with goal orientation. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the thinking styles and autonomous motivation (r = -0.016, 0.029, -0.047, 0.083, -0.533, 0.241, -0.143, -0.216, 0.672, 0.083, 0.035, 0.083, 0.026), and learning self-efficacy had an effect on autonomous motivation (β = 0.510). The findings showed a significant relationship between executive, judicial, monarchic, hierarchical, oligarchic, anarchic, global, local, free-thinking, and conservative thinking styles with performance in history (r = -0.373, 0.175, -0.437, 0.311, -0.279, 0.091, -0.655, 0.088, 0.036, 0.305). The relationship between legislative, internal, and external thinking styles with performance in history was not significant. Also, learning self-efficacy did not affect performance in history (β = 0.115). Goal orientation influenced performance in history (β = 0.512), and autonomous motivation also had an effect on performance in history (β = 0.333). The findings revealed that the relationship between thinking styles (executive, judicial, monarchic, hierarchical, oligarchic, anarchic, global, local, free-thinking, conservative) and performance in history was mediated by goal orientation (r = 0.039, -0.053, 0.121, -0.121, -0.050, -0.091, -0.191, -0.185, 0.064, 0.165, 0.119, 0.281). Also, the relationship between thinking styles (executive, judicial, monarchic, hierarchical, oligarchic, anarchic, global, local, free-thinking, conservative) and performance in history was mediated by autonomous motivation (r = -0.005, 0.009, -0.009, -0.027, -0.176, 0.080, -0.047, -0.071, 0.222, 0.027, 0.012, 0.027, -0.008). There was a significant relationship between learning self-efficacy and performance in history with goal orientation as a mediator (r = 0.342), and between learning self-efficacy and performance in history with autonomous motivation as a mediator (r = 0.168).
Zeinab Hassan Mahdi Alsebti , Mohammad Hassani
Causal Relationship between Individual Characteristics, Cognitive and Social Learning Styles, and Learning Strategies, with the Mediating Role of Academic Engagement of Middle School Students in Arabic Language Lessons in the City of Naseri
This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between individual characteristics, cognitive and social learning styles, and learning strategies, with the mediating role of academic engagement among middle school students in Arabic language lessons in the city of Naseri. The statistical population of this research included all middle school students studying Arabic in Naseri, totaling 4,000 students. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table (1970), a sample of 380 students was selected using a cluster random sampling method. Data were collected using the following questionnaires: Individual Characteristics by Buss, Valenzi, and Eldridge (1975), Social Learning by Afshani et al. (2022), Cognitive Learning by Karami (2002), Academic Engagement by Reeve (2013), and Learning Strategies by Pintrich and De Groot (1990). The reliability coefficients of these questionnaires were 0.92, 0.92, 0.90, 0.88, and 0.80, respectively. The results showed that individual characteristics (β = 0.443) and cognitive learning (β = 0.437) had a significant effect on learning strategies, whereas social learning did not significantly affect learning strategies (β = 0.070). Additionally, individual characteristics (β = 0.061), cognitive learning (β = 0.317), and social learning (β = 0.418) significantly influenced academic engagement. Furthermore, academic engagement had a significant effect on learning strategies (β = 0.492). There was no significant relationship between individual characteristics and learning strategies mediated by academic engagement (r = 0.030). However, there was a significant relationship between cognitive learning and learning strategies mediated by academic engagement (r = 0.156), as well as between social learning and learning strategies mediated by academic engagement (r = 0.206). The findings suggest that teachers should assess students' cognitive learning styles (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, etc.) and incorporate various teaching methods that appeal to these styles.
Evaluation of oxygen reserve index vs. Peripheral oxygen saturation for the prediction of hypoxemia in morbidly obese patients: a prospective observational study.
BACKGROUND: Intraoperative anesthetic monitoring techniques have also been developed in parallel with the development of surgical instruments over the years. Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation level are routinely monitored during intraoperative anesthesia. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To study the oxygen reserve index vs. peripheral oxygen saturation for the prediction of hypoxemia in morbidly obese patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia at a tertiary care hospital. Total 100 patients were included in this study, in which 50 were morbidly obese (BMI>40 Kg/m2 ) and 50 were non obese (19<BMI<25 kg/m2 ) undergoing an elective surgery requiring tracheal intubation. Oxygen reserve index sensor were placed and baseline values were recorded. The patients received preoxygenation until 90% of their end tidal expiratory oxygen concentration was attained.The breathing circuit was not attached to the tracheal tube until the SpO2 dropped to 95% during the induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation.Chi-square, t-test, and Mann Whitney U test were used for the study. RESULTS: The total number of patients included in this study was one hundred, out of which fifty were non obese (19<BMI<25 Kg/m2) and fifty were morbidly obese (BMI > 40Kg/m2 ). Out of which 38 were males and 62 were females and their age ages ranged from 19 to 72 years. The oxygen reserve index alert period was longer than the SpO2 alert period in both groups because the alert began before the SpO2 level reached 97%. The oxygen reserve index alert period was found to be 31 seconds for patients who were morbidly obese and 92 seconds for people with a normal body mass index. In contrast, the SpO2 alert period was found to be 13 seconds and 32 seconds for these patients. CONCLUSION: Consequently, in morbidly obese patients, oxygen reserve index can act as an early warning system for detecting sudden hypoxia before saturation starts to decline.
Dr. Rachna Verma, Dr. Vishal Jainth, Dr. Deepak Shukla, Dr. Chaitra Srinivas, Dr. Shahanwaz Azam, Dr. Aneesha Vangapandu
Role of Fosfomycin activity on ESBL producing E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in clinical samples at a tertiary care hospital, Sudha Medical College, Jagpura, Kota
Background: The rise of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae has significantly complicated the management of infections in healthcare settings. With limited treatment options, the activity of alternative antibiotics like fosfomycin has garnered attention. This study aimed to assess the in vitro susceptibility of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae to fosfomycin in a tertiary care hospital in India. Aim and Objective: To study the role of fosfomycin activity on ESBL Producing E. coliand Klebsiellapneumoniaeisolated in clinical samples at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A total of 100 ESBL-producing isolates (E. coli n=65, K. pneumoniae n=35) were isolated from various clinical specimens, including urine, pus, sputum, Respiratory secretions, and wound swabs. ESBL production was confirmed using the combined disc method. Fosfomycin susceptibility was assessed by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results were interpreted following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: In the present study it was observed that60 (92.3%) ESBL producing E.coli out of 65 shows susceptibility to Fosfomycin and 28 (80%) ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae out of 35 shows susceptibility to Fosfomycin. Maximum 38(58.46%) out of 65ESBL producingE. coli and maximum 12 (34.28%) out of 35 ESBL producingK. pneumoniae were isolated from urine samples. Conclusion: Fosfomycin demonstrated high in vitro activity against ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, especially for urinary tract infections. This study supports the potential use of fosfomycin as an effective alternative treatment, particularly in infections where other options are limited due to antibiotic resistance. Further studies are needed to explore its clinical efficacy in combination therapy and in different infection types.
Dr. Ghanshyam Soni, Dr. Raees Ahmed, Dr. Anubha Vijay, Dr. Gyan Prakash, Dr. Sarita Rani Goyal, Ramnish Kumar, Rifa Parveen
Design, Synthesis And In Silico Studies Of Chalcone-Based Tetralone Derivatives For Biological Activity
The goal of this research is to create hybrid compounds "by" combining chalcone and tetralone into a single structure that might have better antibacterial properties. Five distinct compounds were synthesised in all. Infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and melting point were used to characterise the synthesised substances. The compounds that were synthesised demonstrated anti-bacterial and antifungal characteristics, according to anti-bacterial and antifungal screening. All three compounds fit the target protein's active site with PDB ID: 1M17, according to molecular docking studies. The substances satisfied Lipinski's rule of five, according to in silico pharmacokinetic study, and can be suggested as potential drugs.
Mohammad Sarafroz , Saman Aqeel , Kanchan Sharma , Gurcharan singh , Ashutosh Jain , Vikas Kumar , Mamathadevi A.B , Sivasubramanian P
Neural Network Applications in Understanding Neurodegenerative Disease Progression
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic progressive disorders characterized by the gradual degeneration of the structure and function of the affected nervous system. The two main components of the nervous system are the brain and spinal cord. Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and spinocerebellar ataxia, can damage these areas and consequently affect memory, thought, and language. Moreover, there is no cure for these destructive diseases, and they are becoming more common due to population aging. Growing awareness of the risk factors and improving diagnostic technology have led to progress in the initiation and development of different investigational interventions. Artificial Neural Networks are a simplified model of the human brain's decision-making structure and have been extensively used in a wide range of medical applications. Although the application of Artificial Neural Networks assists with various stages of research, its utility in the comprehension of neurodegenerative disease progression and management is largely untapped. This paper seeks to evaluate the existing applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and spinocerebellar ataxia to determine the readiness of Artificial Neural Networks to support advanced progress in understanding neurodegenerative diseases and to help researchers know where to focus on preparing the application of Artificial Neural Networks in the management of different stages of neurodegenerative diseases. The results suggest that several prediction models have been developed from Artificial Neural Networks that can identify individuals at risk for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, the progression of Alzheimer's, spinocerebellar ataxia, and Parkinson's. However, there is no model to identify the stages of the process of neurodegenerative diseases.
Venkata Krishna Azith Teja Ganti ,Kiran Kumar Maguluri ,Dr. P.R. Sudha Rani
Comparative Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Classical, Yashada Bhasma and Potentiated Yashada Bhasma
Bhasma in Ayurveda are nano-sized particles prepared using unique methods of incineration that are reported for increased bio-availability and therapeutic outcome, when such methods are aided with techniques to further initiate size-reduction it may give rise to therapeutically modified and potent bhasma than the ones prepared as per classical lines. Hence the present study attempts to curate Potentiated Yashada Bhasma (PYB) by altering few processing methods to the existing incineration methods of Yashada Bhasma (CYB) mentioned in classics. Following general and specific purification techniques, PYB was prepared by subjection of ball milling and wet grinding for specified duration as additional steps to the existing method of preparation of CYB. Both the samples prepared passed all classical tests of bhasma. The physico-chemical changes revealed changes in total ash, acid insoluble ash and loss on drying. Instrumental techniques using DLS detected particle size of PYB (261.1nm) much lower than CYB (696.3nm). The stability of PYB in Zeta Potential (-28mV) was found satisfactory, thus indicating proper preparation of PYB. The study suggests the effectiveness of potentiation techniques that could be adopted logically to the existing classical methods to considerably reduce operational costs and achieve better therapeutic outcomes in lower doses than required.
Geeta G. Gadad, P.G. Jadar, Bhaskar Kurangi
CSR Implementation Within the SDGs Framework: Insights from Indonesia and Malaysia
This study investigates the integration of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework in Indonesia and Malaysia, two rapidly developing economies facing diverse socio-economic and environmental challenges. The research employs a traditional literature review methodology, analyzing academic papers published between 2016 and 2023. The findings reveal that both countries have made significant strides in aligning CSR initiatives with specific SDGs driven by government regulations, stakeholder pressures, and global trends. In Indonesia, government regulations have institutionalized CSR, leading to notable initiatives such as education, water management, and economic growth. Malaysia's CSR landscape, influenced by the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance and Bursa Malaysia's sustainability reporting requirements, strongly focuses on transparency and accountability. The study highlights key challenges, including limited awareness among smaller companies, resource constraints, and the need for robust measurement frameworks. The comparison between the two countries reveals common strategies and unique approaches to CSR implementation, offering valuable insights for businesses and policymakers. The research contributes to the academic discourse by providing a structured synthesis of existing knowledge and identifying areas for future research, emphasizing the importance of strategic alignment, stakeholder engagement, and transparent reporting in achieving sustainable development.
Adi Widjaja, ⁠Badariah Din, ⁠Abd Rahim Romle
In Vitro Investigating the Nephroprotective and Diuretic Effects of Punarnava: Localization of Action in the Renal System
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern, with electrolyte imbalance and fluid retention being key issues in its management. Ayurvedic formulations, particularly Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa), have been traditionally used for their nephroprotective and diuretic properties. This study investigates the in vitro nephroprotective and diuretic potential of Punarnava Ghanavati, focusing on its specific sites of action within the renal system. This study uses renal epithelial cell lines (HK-2) as a model to evaluate cell viability, oxidative stress, and electrolyte transport. Key biochemical markers were quantified, including Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity, urea transport, and aquaporin expression. The results demonstrate that Punarnava Ghanavati exhibits nephroprotective effects by mitigating oxidative stress, restoring ion channel activity, and promoting diuresis via aquaporin-1 upregulation. These findings support the potential of Punarnava as an adjunctive therapy for CKD management
Dr Amit Gujrathi, Dr Naresh Kore, Dr Mayuri Gujrathi
Traumatic Remembrance: An Exploration Of Love And Loss In The Snowy Night By Moon Tae-Jun
Moon Tae-jun’s The Snowy Night poem utilizes the theoretical frameworks of trauma and remembrance to delve into the complex interplay of love and loss. This study scrutinizes the poem’s deployment of winter imagery as a metaphorical landscape for emotional healing and the enduring presence of traumatic memories. By examining the juxtaposition of tranquil winter scenes with internal turmoil, the research interprets ritualistic elements as symbolic endeavors for psychological purification. Additionally, it explores the poem’s dual depiction of memory as both a source of solace and distress, shedding light on the intricate relationship between past experiences and present consciousness. This analysis seeks to elucidate Moon Tae-jun’s sophisticated portrayal of trauma’s lasting impact and the multifaceted nature of remembering lost love within the realm of contemporary poetry.
Retrospective Observational Study to Compare the Outcomes of Administration of Spinal Anaesthesia vs Local Infiltration Field Block Anaesthesia for Open Surgical Treatment of Inguinal Hernia.
Background: One of the first surgical disorders in human history is a hernia. In the modern world, one of the surgeries that surgeons undertake most frequently worldwide is the elective treatment of an inguinal hernia. The goal of the current study was to assess the post-operative discomfort, length of hospital stay, and related problems between hernioplasty procedures performed under spinal anesthesia and local infiltration field block anesthesia. Materials & Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in 60 patients who were more than 18yrs of age, admitted for management of primary uncomplicated unilateral inguinal hernia from Jan 2023 to Jan 2024. This study excluded the patients presenting with bilateral inguinal hernia, inguinal hernia with recurrence, patients with history of hypersensitivity to anaesthetic agents and patients presenting with complicated inguinal hernia. 30 patients in Group A were administered local infiltration field block anaesthesia and 30 patients in group B were administered spinal anaesthesia block for open surgical management. The VAS score was used to evaluate each patient's post-operative discomfort, length of hospital stay, and problems. Result: The study included 60 patients with an average patient age as 42.14 +/- 4.16years. It showed that the mean VAS score was significantly much lower in patients who received local infiltration anaesthesia as compared to those who received spinal anaesthesia(p<0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of headache, hypotension, and urine retention was significantly higher in the spinal anesthesia group than in the local anesthesia group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Open Inguinal hernia repair done under local infiltration anaesthesia field block was found to be equally safe and efficient as spinal anaesthesia and also offers additional advantages such as reduced post operative pain, shorter hospital stay and absence of complications associated with spinal anaesthesia.
Dr Kapildev Hannurkar, Dr Amit Ammanagi, Dr G Snehith, Dr Adil Anwar Bhagawan
Cutting-Edge Deep Learning Models for Enhanced Breast Can-cer Detection: Comparative Analysis of YOLOv5, YOLOv8 and YOLOv9 Models
Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women worldwide, necessitating advancements in early and accurate detection methods. This study explores the efficacy of cutting-edge deep learning techniques, specifically YOLOv5, YOLOv8, and YOLOv9, for breast cancer detection. The YOLO (You Only Look Once) family of algorithms, known for their speed and precision, were employed to identify cancerous lesions in mammographic images. In our comparative analysis, YOLOv5 achieved a precision confidence curve of 1.00 at 0.786, an F1 confidence curve of 0.76 at 0.377, a precision-recall curve with an mAP@0.5 of 0.770, and a recall confidence curve of 0.92 at 0.000. YOLOv8 demonstrated improved performance with a precision confidence curve of 1.00 at 0.583, an F1 confidence curve of 0.97 at 0.575, a precision-recall curve with an mAP@0.5 of 0.969, and a recall confidence curve of 0.96 at 0.000. YOLOv9 showed the highest effectiveness with a precision confidence curve of 1.00 at 0.657, an F1 confidence curve of 0.97 at 0.467, a precision-recall curve with an mAP@0.5 of 0.974, and a recall confidence curve of 0.97 at 0.000. These results underscore the potential of advanced deep learning models in enhancing breast cancer detection. Future work will focus on refining these models to improve their robustness and applicability across diverse clinical settings. The integration of these techniques into routine screening processes could significantly advance early detection and treatment outcomes for breast cancer patients.
Nikhila Kathirisetty, Sudabathula Vijay Sai Kumar , Yagateela Pandu Rangaiah , Kottu Santosh Kumar , Muni Sekhar Velpuru , Farhana Begum
Decoding Customer Sentiments: A Dashboard-driven Solution for Product Comment Analysis
In the rapidly changing e-commerce landscape, businesses need to use the most advanced analytics technology to gain competitive advantage and meet customer needs. Our search starts with traditional methods such as NLTK + TextBlob and VADER, which provide a stable baseline with an accuracy of 73.99% (F1 66.01%) and 67.35% (F1 54.46%), respectively. However, in search of a deeper understanding, we chose Word2Vec, which uses single word embeddings to capture relationships, achieving 80.01% accuracy (F1 79.56%), making the hypothesis clear. The LSTM model, known for its connectivity pattern recognition, showed 69.95% accuracy (F1 66.35%), but its performance paled in comparison to Transformer-based architectures. Among them, BERT achieved 68.57% (F1 73.93%) accuracy despite the challenges of computing resources and good knowledge training, changing the perception of user feedback and analysis. However, the undisputed winner in determining user sentiment, surpassing all other models with an impressive 97.70% accuracy and 86.21% F1 score, is the BiLSTM model, which refers to the use of technology to create content and gather opinions from users to increase traffic. The importance of providing useful feedback to customers, business success and e-commerce growth.
Sudabathula Vijay Sai Kumar , Nikhila Kathirisetty , Yagateela Pandu Rangaiah , Kottu Santosh Kumar , Muni Sekhar Velpuru , Ganesh B Regulwar
Deep Learning-Based Alzheimer’s Risk Classification Using Inception V3 And Mri Data
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological illness that impairs memory, thinking, and day-to-day functioning. It has a significant negative influence on people and is becoming a bigger problem for healthcare systems worldwide. Determining Alzheimer's risk levels accurately and promptly is essential for starting early therapies that can decrease the disease's course and enhance quality of life. Conventional diagnostic techniques, such as clinical assessments and manual brain imaging analysis, are often laborious, arbitrary, and vulnerable to variation.In this work, we suggest an automated approach that uses a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network and the Inception V3 algorithm to categorize Alzheimer's risk into four groups: Moderately Demented, Very Mild Demented, Mild Demented, and Non Demented. To ensure strong model performance, the system is trained using a dataset of 6,400 MRI images that have been preprocessed to improve features and reduce noise. The Inception V3 model is refined to capture minor patterns in brain areas linked to various stages of Alzheimer's disease via transfer learning methods.The suggested model outperforms several current deep learning frameworks and conventional diagnostic techniques with an outstanding 98.6% accuracy rate in risk-level categorization. This technology greatly improves dependability and reduces diagnostic delays by automating the interpretation of complicated medical imaging data, assisting medical practitioners in making well-informed judgments. This work demonstrates the revolutionary potential of deep learning in Alzheimer's disease risk assessment and early detection, opening the door for scalable, reasonably priced diagnostic tools in clinical practice. Index Terms: Alzheimer’s disease, Neurodegenerative Disorder, Medical Imaging, Early Detection, Inception V3 algorithm , Medical Imaging, Early Detection, Diagnostic Automation.
Dr. A Manjula,Dr. K Vaishali, Dr. N Swapna,Dr. Venkateswarlu B
Leveraging AI-Powered Automation in Cloud-Integrated Supply Chains: Enhancing Efficiency, Transparency, and Strategic Decision-Making in Management
Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud computing have led to transformative shifts in supply chain management, offering enhanced efficiency, transparency, and strategic insights. This paper investigates the integration of AI-driven automation within cloud-based supply chain architectures and examines its impact on operational performance, decision-making accuracy, and resilience. Drawing upon recent data from industry reports, surveys, and global logistics firms, we present a comprehensive analysis of current trends, frameworks, and best practices. Our findings suggest that AI-empowered, cloud-integrated supply chains can reduce lead times, optimize inventory management, improve forecasting accuracy, and ensure greater supply chain resilience against disruptions. Additionally, we demonstrate how real-time analytics and collaborative platforms drive strategic decision-making and stakeholder engagement. The paper concludes by outlining managerial implications, challenges to widespread adoption, and future research avenues, thereby providing a roadmap for organizations aiming to deploy next-generation supply chain management strategies.
Ms. Garima Nahar,Dr. K. Tamilarasi ,Dr.G.Nirmala,Abdur Rahman,Arpita Nath Boruah,Dr S. T. Naidu
Astringency: Molecular Mechanisms, Sensory Profiles, and Mitigation Strategies
Astringency is a tactile-oral sensation—perceived as drying, roughening, and puckering—that emerges when dietary polyphenols (tannins, flavonoids) complex with salivary proline-rich proteins, depleting lubrication and increasing mucosal friction. Unlike canonical tastes, astringency is mediated mainly by trigeminal mechanoreceptors rather than taste GPCRs and is not suppressed by sweetness. The same molecular features that drive this aversive mouth-feel underlie a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, cardioprotective, and chemopreventive effects. This review integrates current knowledge on: (i) the chemistry of hydrolysable and condensed tannins and their interactions with saliva; (ii) physiological transduction pathways involving epithelial sodium and acid-sensing ion channels; (iii) the diversity of astringent food matrices and the sensory descriptors they evoke; (iv) pharmacological outcomes ranging from NF-κB inhibition to modulation of digestive enzymes; (v) analytical and tribological methods for quantifying astringency; and (vi) emerging mitigation strategies such as polysaccharide viscosity engineering, inclusion complexes, enzymatic polymerisation, encapsulation technologies, and pharmaceutical taste-masking. Traditional Chinese Medicine perspectives and inter-individual variability linked to salivary protein genetics are also discussed. Finally, research frontiers—high-resolution tannin–protein structures, machine-learning prediction of astringency, green extraction processes, microbiome-derived metabolites, and biomimetic oral lubricants—are highlighted. Understanding and manipulating astringency at the molecular level will enable the development of foods, beverages, and therapeutics that retain the health benefits of polyphenols while delivering superior sensory acceptance.
A. Jayakalaiarasi, Saravanasingh Karan Chand Mohan Singh*, Renga Sundari, Shalini Boopathi, K. Pavithra, M.N. Parandhaman, Kanniyakumari. M, V. Sathiya, C. Vimala, C. Devaraj
Limnological Study Of Fresh Water Bodies Of Rajasthan: A Brief Review
The lakes of Rajasthan, despite being located in an arid region, host diverse and unique limnological features and planktonic communities, shaped by varying climate, geology, and anthropogenic influences. This review consolidates research on the limnology and plankton diversity of these lakes, examining physicochemical properties which significantly influence species composition and ecosystem function. Key findings highlight the roles of these planktonic communities in nutrient cycling, food web dynamics, and lake productivity, as well as the impacts of seasonal fluctuations and anthropogenic pressures, including pollution and eutrophication. This review underscores the need for further research and conservation efforts to maintain the ecological integrity of Rajasthan's lake ecosystems, as they are crucial for local biodiversity and water resources in this semi-arid landscape.
Dr Chetan Kumar Joshi, Savita Kamari, Riddhi Sharma, Deependra Solanki
A study to assess effectiveness of Yoga Nidra on Level of anxiety among cancer patients of selected Hospital: Pilot Study
Aim: The study aims o investigate the effect of Yoga Nidra on reducing the level of anxiety among cancer patients undergoing treatment. Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental study design was adopted. A total of 40 cancer patients from Oncowin cancer center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat were enrolled and divided into two groups: Experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=20) . The Experimental group participated in Yoga Nidra sessions for 30 minutes daily over a period of 2 weeks, while the control group received the standard care without Yoga Nidra. Anxiety levels were measured using the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) at baseline and after the intervention. Results: The baseline Anxiety levels were comparable between the two groups. Post intervention ,the experimental group demonstrated significant reduction in anxiety levels compared to the control group( P ≤0.05). The mean anxiety score in the experimental group decreased in mean difference of 10.95, while the control group showed minimum difference. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Yoga Nidra is an effective intervention for reducing anxiety levels among cancer patients. Incorporating Yoga Nidra into usual treatment modalities may enhance their wellbeing of cancer patients.
Shraddha M. Patel, Dr. N. Sivasubramanian, B. Mahalakshmi
Development And Characterization Of Sustained Release Tablets Using Tamarind Seed Gum
sustained-release tablet of Aprepitant was made using TG which was utilized as a binder. Box Behkhen design (BBD) was used for optimization. Three independent variables as Microcrystalline cellulose (X1), Tamarind gum extract (X2), and Dicalcium phosphate (X3), and dependent variables as Percentage Drug release at 1 hour (Q1), Percentage Drug release at 12 hr (Q12) and Time required for 50% drug release (t50%). Granules made using the wet granulation process were found to be free-flowing since pre-compression characteristics such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, and Hauser's ratio were within the range specified in the official standard. The produced tablets were tested for hardness, friability, weight fluctuation, disintegration time, and drug content after compression. The results were found to be within the permitted official limits. The FT-IR spectrum did not show the presence of any additional peaks for new functional groups indicating no chemical interaction between the drug and TG. The cumulative proportion of drug release was shown to be much lower as the concentration of natural TG increased. Formulation AF4 was chosen as the best formulation after an in-vitro release research, and it was tested for stability for 90 days. The stability investigations confirmed that the created tablet formulation remained unchanged in terms of its physical appearance, drug content, and in-vitro drug release properties, thereby confirming that the tablet was stable.
Sourav Agrawal, Abdul Sayeed Khan, Ashutosh Padhan, Santosh Kumar Dash
A study on Impact of Employee Engagement on Organizational Performance: An empirical Investigation through SEM Approach
Employee engagement is a critical determinant of organizational performance, significantly influencing productivity, innovation, and employee retention. This empirical study examines the impact of employee engagement on organizational performance within the IT industry using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. Data was collected from IT professionals across various organizations, focusing on key engagement dimensions such as emotional commitment, workplace involvement, and alignment with organizational goals. The study evaluates how these factors influence performance metrics like financial outcomes, customer satisfaction, innovation, and employee retention. The SEM analysis validates the hypothesized relationships, revealing that higher engagement levels strongly correlate with enhanced organizational performance. Practical implications include actionable strategies for IT leaders and HR professionals to foster a more engaged workforce by implementing targeted initiatives, creating feedback-driven environments, and promoting leadership that aligns with employee values and aspirations. While offering valuable insights, the study acknowledges limitations, including reliance on self-reported data and a cross-sectional design, and suggests longitudinal studies for future research. This research contributes to the growing understanding of employee engagement in the IT sector, emphasizing its importance as a strategic tool for improving performance and achieving competitive advantage.
Mehnaz Manzoor ,Dr. Shivani Dhand ,Aayushi Pandey,Dr. Muzzamil Rehman
Outcome Of Traumatic Cervical Spine Facet Subluxation Using Pre-Filled Cervical Cage And Anterior Cervical Plating
Backgrounds: This study assesses the efficacy of anterior cervical decompression and fusion utilizing a pre-filled cage, coupled with anterior cervical plating for traumatic facet joint subluxation. Key considerations include neurological outcomes, post-operative cervical spine stability, and immediate rehabilitation. Patient & Methods: This study was conducted at Erbil Teaching Hospital and PAKY Hospital from July 2014 to March 2021. It included a total of 128 individuals diagnosed with cervical facet dislocations. Every patient had comprehensive clinical and imaging assessments. The ASIA impairment scale was used to first evaluate neurological deficits. Every participant received cervical traction. An extensive set of pre-and post-operative data was gathered, which included X-rays and MRI scans. Individuals with facet dislocations from C3 to C7 had decompression and fusion procedures employing an anterior approach, which included the use of a pre-filled cervical cage and a titanium plate system. Results: The study sample comprised 110 males (85%) and 18 females (15%), aged between 18 and 60 years. Complete spinal cord injuries were observed in 14 cases (10.9%), while 114 cases (89%) exhibited partial cord injuries. The most common causes of trauma were falls from heights and motorcycle accidents. Post-surgical assessments indicated significant improvements in clinical and radiographic outcomes. The use of a pre-filled cervical cage facilitated early rehabilitation: 34.46% of patients improved by one ASIA grade, 42.94% by two grades, and 22.6% transitioned from wheelchair dependence. The only noted post-operative complication was transient dysphagia. Conclusion:Anterior cervical decompression and fusion employing a pre-filled cage and anterior plating with a titanium system have demonstrated high effectiveness, yielding excellent neurological improvements and successful fusion rates, as confirmed by radiological assessments.
Mushtaq Abdulkhaleq Khorsheed, Aree Mohammad Ismaeel, Ameer Majeed Kareem
Accuracy Of Clinical Examination, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, And Arthroscopy In Diagnosing Meniscal And Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Background: Accurate diagnosis of knee injuries is critically dependent on thorough patient history and detailed clinical examination. Meniscal and ligamentous injuries within the knee are frequently assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which serves as an adjunct diagnostic tool. This study aimed to evaluate the precision of clinical tests in diagnosing meniscal (Thessaly, joint line tenderness, and McMurray tests) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (Lachman, Anterior Drawer (ADT), and Pivot Shift tests (PST)) injuries and to compare these findings with MRI and arthroscopic results, the latter of which is considered the diagnostic gold standard. Material and methods: This study was done prospectively from October (Year) to October (Year). The study included a total of 79 individuals who had knee arthroscopy for different reasons at Erbil Teaching Hospital. Orthopedic doctors conducted clinical assessments using specialized techniques to evaluate meniscal and ACL damage. MRI was used to validate these clinical symptoms, then followed by arthroscopy to obtain the definitive diagnosis. Results: The Lachman test demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (92.4%) in identifying ACL ruptures. Similarly, the Thessaly test was highly accurate for detecting tears in the medial (91.1%) and lateral (89.5%) menisci. Joint line tenderness (JLT) achieved an accuracy of 84.8% for medial and 89.7% for lateral meniscus tears. The validity of these clinical tests was benchmarked against MRI findings and arthroscopic confirmation. The accuracy of clinical diagnoses for medial and lateral meniscal lesions was comparable to MRI (91% vs. 89% and 89% vs. 86%, respectively). Clinical diagnosis of ACL injuries also showed superior accuracy compared to MRI (92.4% vs. 87.3%). Conclusions: Among the clinical tests evaluated, the Lachman test was the most precise for diagnosing ACL ruptures, and the Thessaly test, coupled with JLT, was the most reliable for identifying meniscal tears. Clinical examinations proved as accurate as MRI in diagnosing meniscal injuries, and even more so for ACL injuries, highlighting the effectiveness of careful clinical assessment in the diagnostic process.
Mushtaq Abdulkhaleq Khorsheed, Aree Mohammad Ismaeel, Sabir Hamed M. Ameen
Ramadan Fasting And Metabolic Changes Exploring The Impact On Insulin, Ghrelin, Leptin, Lipid Profile, Glucose Levels, SOD And LPO
Background and Objectives: Ramadan fasting, a practice observed by millions worldwide, may induce metabolic changes. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on insulin, ghrelin, leptin, lipid profile, glucose levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in Erbil, Iraq. Methods: This observational survey study was conducted from March 12th to April 8th, 2024, involving 30 male lecturers aged 30-40 years. Blood samples were collected on the 2nd and 28th days of Ramadan. Serum lipid profiles, glucose, SOD, LPO, and hormonal levels (insulin, ghrelin, leptin) were measured using the COBAS INTEGRA 400 plus system and ELISA kits. Results: The mean ± SD age of participants was 39.352 ± 1.347 years. There were no significant changes in weight and BMI during Ramadan. However, significant decreases were observed in insulin and leptin levels and ghrelin was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05). Fasting also resulted in significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and LPO (P ≤ 0.05). All lipid parameters were affected by fasting. Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, CH/HDL-C ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, TyG index, and HOMA-IR showed significant reductions, while HDL-C increased (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Lifestyle changes, dietary habits, and physical activity during Ramadan had important and beneficial effects on fasting individuals. Fasting in Ramadan was associated with reductions in insulin and leptin levels and increasing ghrelin. It also led to changed antioxidant enzyme activity, LPO, and harmful lipids, alongside an increase in HDL-C.
Youns Saleh Mustafa, Gulzar Ismeal Ibrahim, Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem, Sarwar Nawzad Jaafer, Hemn Jameel Majeed
Long-Term Consumption Of Energy Drinks Induces Hormonal And Non-Hormonal Biomarkers Alteration In Young People
Energy drinks containing significant quantities of caffeine, taurine, and sugar are increasingly consumed, particularly by adolescents and young adults. Excessive consumption of energy drinks and accumulation of the above ingredients, as well as their mutual interactions, can be hazardous to the health of young adults. This study aimed to assess the effect of acute consumption of energy drinks on body weight, blood glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin hormones. The study involved 50 volunteers, healthy young adults (ages 19-22 years), who were divided into two groups: the first consumed energy drinks, and the second did not consume energy drinks. All participants had their (Pimple, #935)serum glucose and insulin, leptin, and ghrelin hormones measured. In addition to calculating body mass index (BMI), the homeostasis model assessment estimated IR (HOMA-IR) and leptin/ghrelin ratio. In the above experiment, the consumers of energy drinks presented a significant increase in BMI, serum glucose, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to those who did not consume energy drinks. No significant changes were noted in the insulin hormone and leptin/ghrelin ratio. Consumption of energy drinks caused a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in leptin and ghrelin levels. In conclusion, energy drink consumption significantly affects insulin resistance and leptin-ghrelin levels. More studies are needed to evaluate the effects of energy drink consumption in healthy, young, and normal-weight individuals.
Gulzar Ismeal Ibrahim, Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem, Hemn Jameel Majeed, Youns Saleh Mustafa, Rebwar Muhammad Hamasalih
Gender-Based Variations In Hemodynamic Characteristics And Power Doppler Ultrasound Indices In Developmental Dysplasia Of The Hip (DDH)
Background: The arterial vascularity of the hip has been investigated in normal infants using power Doppler sonography. This study addressed the differences in hip vascularity in infants with respect to gender and acetabular morphology. Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between the infant gender in hemodynamic characteristics and power doppler ultrasound indices in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) Materials and methods: 90 hips left and right (45patients) were enrolled in the study with gray-scale and power doppler ultrasound. The patients were referred have abnormal clinical hip examination and had risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The infants ranged in age from 6 weeks to16 weeks. There were 20 boys and 25 girls. Results: This study establishes a valuable foundation for understanding the relationship between Power Doppler ultrasound parameters and gender in infants with hip developmental dysplasia. The gender-specific differences in PD parameters, as well as the relationship between PD parameters and acetabular morphology, provide valuable insights into DDH's vascular characteristics. These findings suggest that PD ultrasound could be used not only as a diagnostic tool, but also to monitor disease progression and guide treatment decisions in DDH Conclusion: There is a direct linear relationship between power doppler indices and gender infant hip. Female infants have a higher average PDUS indices than male infants. Power Doppler ultrasound and vascularity intensity in abnormal neonatal hips vary based on the anatomical region being evaluated. This observation deserves further investigation into its role in the physiological pathogenesis of neonatal hip disorders.
Nazanin Abubaker Muhamad, Fatiheea Fatihalla hassan
A Sensitive And Rapid LC-MS/MS Method For The Determination Of Zanamivir In Human Plasma: Method Development And Validation
A sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of Zanamivir in human plasma using Remdesivir as an internal standard (IS). The method employed a Waters Alliance HPLC system coupled with a SCIEX QTRAP 5500 mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization interface in positive ion mode. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an isocratic system with a mobile phase of MeOH and ammonium formate (30:70 v/v) at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The method demonstrated excellent linearity in the 4–80 ng/mL concentration range with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.99941. The retention times of Zanamivir and Remdesivir were 2.600 min and 3.956 min, respectively, with a total run time of 6 minutes. Validation studies were performed by FDA guidelines, assessing system suitability, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability. The % recovery for Zanamivir across all QC levels was above 99%, and the matrix effect was negligible with a %CV of 0.83. Stability studies showed Zanamivir remained stable under varied storage conditions, including freeze-thaw cycles, bench-top, and long-term storage at −80 °C. The developed method was precise, accurate, and robust, making it suitable for pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring of Zanamivir.
Applications Of Stemcells In Modern Medical Treatments
Stem cells are important for living organisms for many reasons. In the 3- to 5-day-old embryo, called a blastocyst, the inner cells give rise to the entire body of the organism, including all of the many specialized cell types and organs such as the heart, lung, skin, sperm, eggs and other tissues. In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tear, injury, or disease. Given their unique regenerative abilities, stem cells offer new potentials for treating diseases such as diabetes, and heart disease. However, much work remains to be done in the laboratory and the clinic to understand how to use these cells for cell-based therapies to treat disease, which is also referred to as regenerative or reparative medicine.Laboratory studies of stem cells enable scientists to learn about the cells’ essential properties and what makes them different from specialized cell types. Scientists are already using stem cells in the laboratory to screen new drugs and to develop model systems to study normal growth and identify the causes of birth defects. The various stem cells are based upon their origin and ability to differentiate. Stem cells are revolutionizing medicine because of their potential to regenerate damaged tissue that is otherwise unable to be repaired. Bone marrow transplantation is one of the most widespread uses of stem cells today, and it helps with the treatment of some cancers. Ongoing research can help popularize stem cells for the treatment of other chronic illnesses. With stem cell therapy, the progression of autoimmune diseases can be slowed down and regressed, and even stopped completely. The success rate of the treatment is proportional to the patient's age, the duration of the disease and the patient's condition. Stem cell transplants are most often used to help people with leukemia and lymphoma. They may also be used for neuroblastoma and multiple myeloma. In recent years, stem cell therapy has shown promising results in HIV management, and it can have a major impact on the future of HIV treatment and prevention. The idea behind anti-HIV hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)-directed gene therapy is to genetically engineer patient-derived (autologous) HSPC to acquire an inherent resistance to HIV infection. COVID-19 is harmful and increases the risk of secondary infection, and effective treatment remains challenging owing to fibrosis and severe inflammation and infection. Sometimes our immune system can severely damage ourselves in disease. In the past, many researchers have conducted various studies on the immunomodulatory properties of stem cells.
Polasani Veena, Padidela Swapna, Bandari Jyothsna, Boddireddy Sridevi
Effects of nutritional education on teenage girls' knowledge, attitudes, and practices around anaemia in the Moradabad district
Globally, anaemia is a prevalent public health issue that mostly affects people's health as well as socioeconomic advancement. A high rate of anaemia in school-age children is a sign of a serious issue that emphasises the need for appropriate intervention to stop further decline. The purpose of this study was to investigate how nutritional education affected teenage girls' knowledge, attitudes, and practices around anaemia. Adolescent girls attending public and private schools in the Moradabad area of India are the subjects of this interventional investigation. Students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding anaemia were assessed using structured and self-administered questionnaires. The paired t-test was used to analyse the data. When comparing the mean knowledge and attitude scores of teenage girls attending private schools to those attending government schools, there was a notable increase. There was an overall rise of 18% in the mean score of attitudes and 53.6% in the mean score of knowledge (P < 0.05). It has been noted that the frequency of consuming iron-rich foods, particularly ragi, jaggery, green leafy vegetables, and sprouted grains, has increased. Increased consumption of foods high in iron and improved understanding and attitudes surrounding anaemia were the outcomes of the nutritional education. As a result, one of the sustainable and affordable strategies for reducing the incidence of anaemia is nutritional education.
Molecular Basis of Neurodegenerative Changes and Neurotoxicity Linked with Arsenic Exposure: A Review
Background Toxicity with metals like arsenic trioxide is a growing concern as they are responsible to leading neurological diseases. The neurological diseases that are increasing day by day are not specific to any age or gender. Main Body In this systematic review, we have collected scientific information related to toxicity of heavy metal which leads to neurological complications. Such an approach incorporates the environmental occurrence of arsenic trioxide, human exposure, clinical significance, impact on the brain, and the mechanisms involved. Mechanistic approach behind arsenic neurotoxicity is oxidative stress, disruption of vital cellular functions such as glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation and impaired neurotransmitter signaling. Gaining an understanding about these pathways are necessary for creating solutions that effectively lessen the detrimental impacts of (As) exposure on human health. Arsenic exposure exhibits neurodegenerative changes in brain due to oxidative injury, mitochondrial impairments, glutamate excitotoxicity through glutamate transporters, and calcium dysregulation through ryanodine receptors modulation in the brain. Arsenic neurotoxicity has been studied for many years, but in order to comprehend their possible health advantages, their mechanistic significance has recently been investigated. In this review, we have discussed the mechanisms involved in arsenic trioxide mediated neurodegenerations. Short conclusion This review provides a summary on current prospective related to neurological consequences of arsenic trioxide. The findings highlights that a multimodal strategy is needed to reduce the health effects of arsenic exposure, including strict industrial process controls, food and water source monitoring, and public awareness programs.
Priyadarshini Soni, Rupesh Kumar Pandey, Surbhi Gupta, Akansha Singh Lubhan Singh
Comparison of ACE2 gene expression levels in serum of COVID-19 patients and its relationship to disease severity
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene has shown a unique three-dimensional kinase conformation leading to its strong interaction with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and has been identified as a potential biomarker for COVID-19 infection. It is reported as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 by an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-coupled viral spike protein. It is also involved in the SARS-CoV-host interactions in the pathogenesis of the disease. Globally, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has presented an overwhelming challenge to scientific communities to control the pandemic. COVID-19 has widespread effects on metabolism and signifies an intricate association with increased serum ACE2 levels, aggravated pathogen-induced hyperinflammation, and varying glucose metabolism. In India, the country with the highest disease burden, scientists and researchers are increasingly focusing on various mutations and the disease pattern of COVID-19. The necessity of defining the pre- and post-entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 interaction upon infecting different age and gender categories of human subjects concomitantly urges a significant amount of scientific study. (Choudhary et al.2021)(Horowitz et al.2022) Aim of the Study: The present work attempts to study the gene expression of ACE2 in a of patients in Iraq and compares the results with those apparently healthy individuals. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 pandemic has led to exceedingly large transmission throughout the community. The association of ACE2 levels with the inception of SARS-CoV-2 via post/pre-inhibitory mechanisms within differentially segregated demographics of patients can facilitate detailed comparative studies. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses-2 mediate communication regarding the transcriptional and post-translational expression of ACE2 within the cellular microenvironment and regulate functional activity. Disease severity in COVID patients is associated with increased gene transcript expression of ACE2, which aids in different pathogenesis and therapeutics.
Raghad A. Hashim , Omar F. Abdul-Rasheed , Nadira S. Mohamed
The Impact of Agrochemicals on Human Health: A Global Perspective
Background Pesticides are natural or synthetic substances developed to eliminate various types of pests. They are widely used in fields such as agriculture, frestry, aquaculture, and the food industry. However, their extensive use poses significant risks to public health and the environment, threatening both human well-being and ecosystems. Main Body The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies pesticides according to their harmful impacts, highlighting their significance in relation to public health. Their use can be reduced to a minimum by applying them sparingly and with a thorough understanding of their classification, which benefits both human health and the environment. This review addresses pesticides in terms of global perspectives, including their distribution around the world and their environmental effects. The primary literature has emphasized the potential uses of pesticides, their classification based on properties and toxicity, and their negative impacts on natural systems such as soil and aquatic environments. It also covers their effects on water, plant growth, metabolism, genotypic and phenotypic changes, impacts on plant defense mechanisms, and risks to human health, including genetic mutations, cancer, allergies, asthma, as well as their role in food preservation. Short Conclusion We have also outlined environmentally friendly pesticide management strategies as sustainable solutions, including bacterial degradation, mycoremediation, phytoremediation, and bioremediation using microalgae. Microorganisms utilize catabolic enzymes to break down pesticides and remove them from the environment. Pesticides are classified based on several criteria, such as their toxicity or hazardous effects, intended use or purpose, chemical composition, mode of action, timing of application, formulations, and source of origin. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified pesticides based on their hazardous effects, emphasizing the importance of public health. By understanding these classifications, the excessive use of pesticides can be reduced through careful and judicious application, benefiting both public health and the ecosystem.
Akansha Singh, Rupesh Kumar Pandey, Lubhan Singh, Priyadarshini Soni
Development of Herbal Liposomal gels for Enhanced Anti-Psoriatic Therapy: Incoporting Isolated antipsoriatic compound from Methanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa
Introduction: Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder, affects patients' quality of life significantly due to its associated physical, psychological, and economic burden. Conventional treatments often pose challenges, including limited efficacy and adverse effects. The present study aimed to formulate Isolated antipsoriatic compound from methanol extract of roots of Mirabilis jalapa, DTDO into a liposomal gel (DTDO-L) and investigate the therapeutic potential of DTDO-L in UV-B-induced psoriasis model. Materials and Methods: The study employed a UV-B-induced psoriasis model to mimic human pathology, determining erythema, thickness, and scaling scores. Key biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and MDA), were quantified. The DTDO-L gel was compared against a standard tretinoin gel and other formulations, including a non-liposomal DTDO gel and MEM extract-loaded gel. Results and Discussion: DTDO-L demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing psoriatic markers compared to standard treatments. It significantly normalized keratinocyte proliferation and reduced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), similar with previous studies on liposomal drug delivery systems. Oxidative stress parameters improved significantly in the DTDO-L group, emphasizing its antioxidative potential. The liposomal formulation's nanoscale size enhanced skin penetration and drug retention, addressing key limitations of traditional treatments. Comparative analysis with standard and non-liposomal formulations underscored the superior anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of DTDO-L. Conclusion: The findings confirm the potential of DTDO-L liposomes as an effective therapeutic intervention for psoriasis. By improving drug delivery, reducing systemic side effects, and targeting multiple inflammatory pathways, DTDO-L offers a promising alternative to conventional therapies. Further clinical studies are warranted to establish its long-term safety and efficacy.
Functional profiling of Nardostachysin against Alzheimer’s Disease via integrated chromatographic and in silico methods.
Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is a well-known brain disorder affecting memory, and in later stages causing severe cognitive deficits. At present, few effective drugs are available in the clinic to manage symptoms, however none of these alter or reverse the progression in AD cases. In this study, we have utilised nardostachysin, a terpenoid ester found in Nardostachys jatamansi, for its inhibition of AD pathological features. Methods We utilised the SwissTargetPrediction database to identify potential targets for nardostachysin, which we then cross-referenced with known Alzheimer's disease (AD) targets. The overlapping targets were used to create a protein-protein interaction network. Next, we focused on identifying how nardostachysin might target key AD-related pathologies, specifically tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ). To validate our findings, we performed molecular docking studies to assess the reliability and of these core target interactions. Results GC-MS analysis revealed presence of 15 different phytoconstituents. We identified 92 targets of nardostachysin, out of them 8 were found specific to AD. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that Aβ (PDB ID:2M4J), Tau (PDB ID:2MZ7), NTRK1 (PDB ID:4F01), MAPK10 (PDB ID:1MPU) CASP8 (PDB ID:2C2Z) have a good binding force with nardostachysin. The best docking score was found to be -9.24 for aβ. Conclusions In this study, nardostachysin was found to exert multichannel effects via modulating multiple AD related pathways.
Abdul Jalil Shah, Showkeen Muzamil Bashir, Mohammad Younis Dar, Anu Kalia, Nazia Banday, Reyaz Hassan Mir, Riehana Gani, Wajid Mohammad Sheikh, Rampratap Meena, Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
Smartphone As Basic Paraphernalia Of Nursing Students Clinical Exposure: A Scoping Review
Introduction: Smartphones have become integral to nursing students' clinical practice, providing instant access to critical resources, aiding in clinical decision-making, and supporting skill development. However, their use in clinical settings raises concerns about professionalism, the reliability of accessed information, and the consistency of their impact on enhancing clinical skills. Objectives: This scoping review aims to explore the role of smartphones in clinical practice among nursing students, highlighting both the benefits and challenges associated with their use. Methods: A comprehensive scoping review was conducted to examine the literature on the use of smartphones in nursing education, specifically focusing on their impact on clinical practice. The review included studies published between 2010 and 2023, sourced from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Sage Journals. A total of 17,374 articles were initially identified, with 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after thorough screening and selection. These studies were analyzed to assess the benefits and challenges of smartphone use in clinical settings, as well as their implications for nursing education. Results: The findings of the review underscore the significant role of smartphones in enhancing nursing students' clinical education. Smartphones were found to be effective in improving knowledge acquisition, fostering critical thinking, and enhancing specific clinical skills such as urinary catheterization and problem-solving abilities. However, challenges such as concerns over professionalism, inconsistent Wi-Fi connectivity, and the reliability of information accessed through smartphones were also identified. The review highlighted the need for clear guidelines and protocols to support the effective and professional use of smartphones in clinical practice. Conclusions: Smartphones hold great promise for advancing nursing education by enhancing clinical skills, supporting decision-making, and providing real-time access to educational resources. However, their effective integration into clinical practice requires careful consideration of contextual factors, including technological infrastructure, faculty training, and the development of clear guidelines for professional use.
Hamdoni K. Pangandaman, Nursidar P. Mukattil, Mardalyne M. Salve, Raniza I Hayudini, Nadinne Fatima A. Tan, Nurima A. Usman, Elenita C. Tan, Mariam M. Salve, Sittie Ainah Mai-Alauya, Norhanie A. Ali, Charizze Jean J. Acevedo-Yana, Liddell Karl C. Pasa
Cross-Domain Deep Learning Techniques for Enhanced Diagnostic and Phenotyping in Medical and Agricultural Imaging: Bridging Computer Science and Healthcare Management
In this study, deep learning has been investigated in clinical analysis, in terms of increasing the precision and speed in diseases identification, image division and features identification in various systems of bioscience. The CNN, U-net, and GAN deep learning algorithms used have been developed to accomplish a range of image and classification processes. The CNN-based model in healthcare was 92% diagnostically accurate, and the U-Net model was 89% accurate in segmenting medical images. In agriculture, CNN model when applied to plant disease detection had an accuracy of 87%; GANs were utilized for generation of synthetic data thus enhancing the performance of model training. Stakeholders’ findings demonstrate that the application of AI can considerably decrease diagnostic time and improve accuracy in most cases in both fields. Synthetic data generation also played a big role in avoiding issues caused by the small, labeled datasets, especially in terms of generalization of models. It highlights revolutionizing the diagnostic process using cross-domain deep learning applications and provides information for a new era of healthcare management and agriculture.
Dr K.Madan Mohan ,Mohammad Chand Jamali ,Mohammed Abdalhamied M. Abushohada ,Syeda arbeena Kausar ,Seema Firdose ,Dr. R. Sivaraman
Advancements in Colorectal Cancer Predication and Classification using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Models
The goal of this work is to provide a thorough assessment of the most recent research on AI-based machine learning and deep learning methods used in colorectal cancer modeling. A detailed synopsis and a list of the studies collected under each topic are then given. By focusing on the technical and medical viewpoints, we critically examine the prospects and difficulties in colorectal cancer prediction using ML and DL algorithms as we wrap up our work. Finally, we think that scientists who are thinking about using ML and DL techniques to diagnose colorectal cancer will find our study useful. This study provides a thorough analysis of the earlier advancements made by scientists in the prediction of colorectal cancer using both ML and DL algorithms.
A STUDY OF PERSONALITY IN RELATION TO POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION
BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression (PPD) poses a widespread mental health challenge for numerous new mothers worldwide. Despite extensive research identifying various risk factors, the influence of personality traits on predisposing individuals to PPD continues to be a topic under investigation. Insight into the interplay between personality characteristics and the childbirth experience, alongside the transition to motherhood, holds promise for enhancing both preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches for PPD. METHODOLOGY: The study used comprehensive approach to understand the relationship of personality traits and postpartum depression. A quantitative survey method was used. Participants included (N=35) primiparous women within the first year of there postpartum. Personality traits were assessed using Big Five Inventory and Postpartum Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis revealed that there exists significant correlation between certain personality traits and postpartum depression. From the analysis it is understood that neuroticism (r =0.324; p=0.057) agreeableness (r=0.109; p=0.733) and openness (r=0.224; p=0.902) were positively correlated and the personality traits like extraversion (r= -0.067; p=0.351) and conscientiousness (r= -0.224; p=0.098) were negatively correlated. Additionally from the descriptive analysis of the demographic details and depression, it was found that there was significant difference in the depression level of women who were educated up to high school and those educated above high education. CONCLUSION: This study's results highlight the significance of integrating personality factors into the assessment and treatment of postpartum depression. Tailoring interventions to match individual personality profiles has the potential to amplify the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Selected Plant Extracts on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in a Rat Model
This study sought to assess the protective effects of prunus dulcis shell skin ethanol extract in relation to paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The rats were divided into five groups, namely the control, paracetamol (2g/kg), low dose, high dose PDEE (100, 200 mg/kg) and silymarin with paracetamol groups. Results showed that acute intraperitoneal injection of of paracetamol induced significant (p0.05) alterations in the serum levels of lipids Results showed that acute intraperitoneal injection of 800 mg/kg of acetaminophen induced significant (p0.05) alterations in the serum levels of AST ALT. In the paracetamol overdose group, the liver architecture showed necrotic changes, hydropic degeneration, congestion, and dilatation of central veins. This hepatocellular damage was confirmed by a significant increase of AST, ALT levels. However, pretreatments with 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (p0.05) alterations in the serum levels of AST ALT and improved the antioxidant activity.
Laliteshwar Pratap Singh, Rashmi Ranjan Sarangi, Sanjay Kumar Nayak, Rajesh Gupta
DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION AND SCALE UP OF AN INNOVATIVE TOPICAL CREAM FORMULATION OF TERIFLUNOMIDE FOR THE TREATMENT OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS
The skin, as the largest organ of the body, plays a crucial role in protection and appearance. Its health has been a primary focus of scientific exploration, with the goal of offering better treatment and aesthetic products. Skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, acne, vitiligo, and skin cancers significantly impact individuals' quality of life, influencing their socioeconomic and psychological well-being. Atopic dermatitis, a common inflammatory skin condition, affects 15-20% of children and 1-3% of adults. It often appears before the age of 5, with environmental and lifestyle changes being major contributing factors, alongside genetic mutations like those affecting the filaggrin gene. AD typically manifests as pruritus, erythema, and dermatitic plaques, with different presentations depending on age. Treatments include emollients, moisturizers, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and newer options like Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4i). However, there remains a significant need for more effective treatment options. Considering the need of new treatment options, a topical teriflunomide cream was developed, by repurposing the teriflunomide drug substance which was approved for multiple sclerosis as 7mg and 14mg tablets, for AD treatment. The formulation was optimized, scaled up, and tested for stability according to ICH guidelines, with further safety and efficacy studies planned.
VenkataNookaraju Sreedharala, Dr Pavan Kumar Chintamane
Comparison Of Phyto-Chemical Properties, Anti-Oxidant And Anti-Diabetic Activity Of Hydro-Ethanolic Extracts Obtained From Six Seaweed Species By In-Vitro Enzyme Inhibition Methods
The present study was conducted to compare the phytochemical properties of six different seaweeds like green algae (Caulorpa racemosa & Ulva faciata), red algae (Amphiroa fragilissima & Porphira indica) and brown algae (Sargassum cristaefolium & Turbinaria ornata) by using standard methods. The study revealed that, almost all six sea weeds (TO, AF, CV, SC, UF & PI) had flavonoids, poly phenols, carbohydrates, tannins, sterols, proteins & free amino acids. The alkaloids were present only in TO, AF, CV & PI and glycosides were present only in TO & UF. The anti-oxidant activity of HEEOSA was studied by in-vitro DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging assay methods. The anti-diabetic potential of HEEOSA was studied by using in-vitro enzyme inhibitory assays. The HEEOSA (TO, AF, CV, SC, UF & PI) showed significant dose dependent inhibitory effects on α-amylase with IC50 values of 14.25 µg/ml, 9.14µg/ml, 15.53 µg/ml, 18.4 µg/ml, 11.24 µg/ml & 13.05 µg/ml respectively and the reference standard acarbose was found to be3.12 µg/ml. The HEEOSA (TO, AF, CV, SC, UF and PI) and the standard drug voglibose showed significant dose dependent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase withIC50values of 82.36 µg/ml, 65.34 µg/ml, 95.42 µg/ml, 100.89 µg/ml, 71.146 µg/ml, 73.94 µg/ml & 25.95 µg/ml respectively. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HEEOS against standard ascorbic acid by DPPH scavenging assay was found to be 4.78, 4.17, 4.86, 4.67, 4.79, 4.85 & 3.91µg/ml respectively. Similarly, inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HEEOS and ascorbic acid against nitric oxide scavenging assay was found to be 4.69, 3.35, 4.85, 5.18, 4.47, 4.22 and 1.92 µg/ml for TO, AF, CV, SC, UF & PI respectively. Among the above six species of marine algae, Amphiroa fragilissima had maximum potential as anti-diabetic agent with IC50 value of 9.14 µg/ml and 65.34 µg/ml against α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively, and also revealed its anti-oxidant potential with IC50 value of 3.36 µg/ml against 1.94 µg/ml for standard ascorbic acid by NOSA method and IC50 value of 4.17 µg/ml against the standard ascorbic acid (3.91µg/ml) by DPPH scavenging assay. Therefore, Amphiroa fragilissima could be selected for further studies like toxicity as per OECD guidelines and in-vivo studies by using animal models.
Depression, Anxiety, and Burnout Among Egyptian Anesthesiologists
Background: Anesthesiologists face potential stressors, lack of appreciation, reduced bargaining power, heavy duty in ensuring patient safety and high accountability; therefore work-life balance for them is challenging. Also, anesthesiologists have to work for long hours and on-call duties, leading to their fatigue and vulnerability to mental disorders and burnout. Burnout is considered to be an epidemic and it received an increased worldwide attention. The study objective was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and burnout among Egyptian anesthesiologists. Methods: A cross‑sectional observational study using online questionnaire that followed the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-survey that was administered via social media applications. It consists of four sections, section for Socio-Demographic Characteristics of participants, section about participants’ anxiety disorder, section about participants’ depressive symptoms and section about participants’ burnout syndrome. Results: A total of 145 Egyptian anesthesiologists were included in this study the current study revealed that psychological burden among anesthesiologists, anxiety, depression, and burnout occurred among 55.2%, 42.1%, and 36.6% of anesthesiologists, respectively. Those working > 8 h had more anxiety symptoms than others working less than 8 h (p <0.001). Depressed participants have more anxiety symptoms compared to non-depressed (65.6% vs 47.6%, respectively). Presence of burnout is associated with more anxiety symptoms (p <0.001).
Mohammed Ali Salem, Rehab Mohamed Sabry , Asmaa Ahmed Sayed, Dalia Abdelfatah, Rabab Mohamed Sabry
Ecofriendly Plant-Based Insecticides Against Mosquitoes And Cockroaches
Mosquitoes and cockroaches are the most important and abundant pest in urban, suburban and rural environment .In recent years, in all tropical and subtropical countries mosquito borne diseases have become major human health problem. Recently we heard increase in the Dengue fever cases, malaria cases and Typhoid fever in residential educational institutions and in our surrounding areas of our district. The diseases transmitted through mosquitoes and cockroaches include malaria, filariasis, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis dengue fever and Typhoid fever. Biological, chemical, environmental and individual protection measures are taken as vector control measures to prevent spread of malaria, dengue fever and other mosquito-borne diseases. Such serious diseases controlling are becoming increasingly difficult because of high rate of reproduction and development of resistance to insecticides in mosquitoes and cockroaches. Insect repellents date back to ancient times, with the use of tars, smokes, plant based oils and other modalities. Advancements of chemical sciences have formulated various synthetic repellents and advocated. However, constant and indiscriminate use of these synthetic repellents causes adverse effects on the users . These synthetic insect repellents have been extensively used for mosquito control by killing and thereby preventing adult mosquito bite human beings or by killing mosquito larvae at the breeding sites of vectors. The deleterious impact of these synthetic formulations on non-target population and the development of resistance have brought about the search of alternative, simple and sustainable methods of Mosquitoes and cockroach control. The need for development of effective insecticides should be taken in to consideration due to toxicity problems, together with the increased incidence of insect resistance . In the most parts of the world, synthetic chemical insecticides continue to be applied for controlling mosquitoes and cockroaches but many of these chemicals are toxic to humans, animals and environment resistance can be problematic in regulating the control. Therefore, the present study natural substances to be used as insecticides for controlling mosquitoes and cockroaches. These Plant based insecticides are safe, eco friendly, cheap, easy to use and have maximum repellence against mosquitoes and cockroaches. Hence, an effort was made to prepare cow dung based herbal mosquito repellent. Studies have shown that many plants have evolved aromatic and insecticidal properties that repel mosquitoes and other insects.
Polasani Veena, Padidela Swapna, Bandari Jyothsna, Boddireddy Sridevi, Marda Rambabu, Dasari Ujjwala, Piska Prathyusha
The Impact of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) on Healthcare Accounting and Financial Management
This paper aims to analyze the effects of EHRs on healthcare accounting and financial management with reference to cost, quality, and timeliness of data, and revenue cycle management (RCM). The major research questions included; examining the effects of EHR on operational costs, evaluating the quality of financial data, and enhancing the revenue cycle in healthcare organisations. Analytical research design was used, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was applied using AMOS software with sample of 100 respondents from the healthcare sector. The findings indicate that EHR systems improve the cost effectiveness of financial processes by optimizing costs and minimizing wastage through automation of accountancy operations. Further, EHRs enhance data credibility in financial reporting besides meeting the regulatory requirements of an organization. Another area that gains from EHR integration is the revenue cycle since it helps to increase billing productivity, reduce cycle time and cash flow. The results of the study demonstrate how EHRs can contribute to the modernisation of healthcare financial management with objective enhancements made to financial processes. Although the model fit indices are not perfect, it is clear that there are positive effects of EHR systems. Therefore, the study finds that EHR adoption is important for any healthcare organisation that wants to achieve better organisational financial performance and sustainability. Further studies may investigate other factors that influence the effectiveness of EHR systems and analyse the issues concerning their further deployment. In sum, the study argues that there is a great prospect of EHRs in improving healthcare accounting and financial management and, thereby, promotes financial operation reforms in the healthcare sector.
Dr. Shekar Miryala, Dr. Shuchi Gupta, Dr. Manika Garg, Dr. Hajera Fatima, Dr. Sanam Sharma
Carica Papaya's Activity Related To Platelet Physiology And Thrombocytopenia
Background: Carica Papaya, often known as Papaya, has long been used in several medical traditions for its bioactive components. Thrombocytopenia is a medical illness marked by a deficiency of platelets, resulting in the potential development of bleeding problems and various associated issues. Objective : Papaya includes several bioactive chemicals that have been extensively researched for its possible impact on platelet function and synthesis. Papain, chymopapain, carpaine, and many flavonoids are among the noteworthy components. These chemicals have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics, and some studies propose that they could contribute to the improvement of platelet counts. Further investigation should prioritise comprehending the precise mechanisms via which these chemicals engage with the pathways implicated in platelet formation and control. Method: To conduct a thorough evaluation of the literature, databases from Springer, Elsevier, PubMed, and Science Direct were used. Conclusion: C Papaya has tropical leaves and potential. Papaya leaves have phytochemicals. These phytochemicals include carpaine, saponins, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, and antioxidants. Vitamin- and mineral-rich Papayas are low-calorie. Fruit's healthy. Multiple scientific studies provided this data. Thrombocytopenia can result from therapy, dengue, chemotherapy, and pathologies. New and commercial C Papaya leaf doses increase platelets and prevent disintegration. No harm occurs. Carpaine, flavonoids, and antioxidants are Papaya leaf bioactives.
Shilpi Arora, Vaishali Goel, Narendra Singh, Amisha Suyal, Samrah Khan, Ashish Kumar Gupta, Mamta Kumari, Ateet Srivastava
Study the Antimicrobial and Antifungal Effects on Clinical Isolates, and Molecular Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyocyanin
Background: Many substances, including pyocyanin, have antimicrobial, antifungal, and protozoal characteristics. Around 90 to 95% of P. aeruginosa strains generate pyocyanin, the primary phenazine pigment associated with organisms. Pyocyanin displayed powerful antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Aim of study Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyocyanin molecular detection and study the antimicrobial and antifungal effects on clinical isolated. Materials and methods: One hundred patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) at Babylon, Iraq's Al-Hilla Surgical Teaching Hospital and one hundred patients with burns or wounds at Imam Sadiq Hospital each donated urine samples between November 2023 and January 2024. Through the use of microscopy and bacterial isolation, all samples were cultivated on various mediums. As soon as possible, nutritional agar, MacConkey, and blood were used for aerobic culture. The Compact VITEK-2 System, colony morphology, biochemical testing, and Gram stain are used to identify aerobic bacteria. We looked for virulence genes and identified processes for pyocyanin manufacture, extraction, quantitative testing, and purification. Gene activity of the bacterial isolate pyocyanin. Results: Vitek 2 found bacteria and fungus in 100 UTI urine samples. E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella pneumonia Enterobacter, and E. faecalis. Culturing urine samples to the isolated fungus produced Candida albicans and Cryptococcus spp. In addition, 81% of 100 wound and burn infection samples were positive cultures and 19% negative. With 94% positive cultures on diverse growth conditions, 37% were Ps. aeruginosa-related and 62.9% were other microorganisms. The blue portion of tested agar selected 10 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates for pyocyanin extraction, P. aeruginosa isolate pyocyanin levels. One wound and burn isolate showed the highest pyocyanin concentrations (0.987µg/ml and 0.888µg/ml). Pure pyocyanin (0.987µg/ml) was tested for antibacterial activity against various pathogens. Pyocyanin has amazing biological effects on all creatures. The antimicrobial activity of purified pyocyanin at the concentration (0.987µg/ml) was monitored against different microorganisms. Results indicate that pyocyanin shows high biological activity against all mentioned organisms. Genomic analysis of the phzA1, phzA2 genes were conducted on 30 isolates previously identified as P. aeruginosa, every single isolate showed evidence of having this virulence gene, in contrast to an allelic ladder, there were (232) and (190) bp bands respectively. Conclusions: Pyocyanin generated by clinical P. aeruginosa isolates showed antibacterial and antifungal action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Candida spp., and filamentous bacteria from UTIs and wound infections.
Yasameen Riyadh Saeed Al-Azzawi , Ghouson Ghassan Kareem, Zainab Ali Hussein, Sarah Salah Hassan
Graph-Based Encryption and Decryption Algorithms in Symmetric Key Cryptography
Modern society relies extensively on digital technology, which plays a critical role in various domains, including banking, e-commerce transactions and cyber security such as managing computer passwords. This widespread integration highlights the importance of secure, efficient digital systems in our daily lives. Therefore, safeguarding information during storage and sharing is essential. Cryptography is the study of secure communication that uses advanced mathematical algorithms to transform an original message into an unreadable format. Cryptography is the science of protecting information by transforming it into a secure format so that only authorized parties can understand it. It involves techniques and algorithms that convert plain data, or "plaintext," into an unreadable format, called "ciphertext," using encryption methods. Graph theory is utilized in cryptography since graphs can be easily transformed into matrices. This paper introduces a novel link between graph theory and symmetric cryptography to safeguard information from unauthorized access. The suggested method uses a matrix as the secret key, which increases the security of the cryptosystem. It transforms the plaintext into multiple graphs and displays these graphs in matrix form.
Preserving Chakma Identity in Tripura: Language, Rituals, Artistry, and the Role of Traditional Medicine in Enhancing Mental and Physical Health
The Chakma community in Tripura, India, faces a dynamic cultural landscape shaped by historical, social, and political factors. The Chakma community in Tripura boasts a vibrant cultural legacy, marked by its unique language, customs, artistic expressions and traditional healing practices. This paper explores the efforts and challenges in preserving Chakma identity through the lens of language, religion, and social dynamics. Language stands as a cornerstone of Chakma cultural identity in Tripura. The Chakma language, belonging to the Tibeto-Burman family, not only serves as a means of communication but also embodies historical narratives, traditional knowledge, and community cohesion. Despite challenges such as linguistic marginalization and the dominance of majority languages, initiatives to promote Chakma language education and literacy play pivotal roles in its preservation. Religion constitutes another vital aspect of Chakma identity, primarily influenced by Theravada Buddhism. Rituals and ceremonies associated with Buddhism, alongside syncretic elements of Hinduism and animistic beliefs, underscore the diverse spiritual practices within the community. These rituals not only reinforce cultural continuity but also serve as markers of communal identity amidst evolving socio-religious landscapes. Social dynamics among the Chakma in Tripura are characterized by a blend of traditional structures and modern influences. The community traditionally adheres to patriarchal social norms, with extended families playing crucial roles in decision-making and social cohesion. However, societal changes, urbanization, and educational advancements are reshaping familial and community structures, influencing cultural practices and values. Efforts to preserve Chakma identity in Tripura face multifaceted challenges. Historical displacements, assimilation pressures, and socio-political complexities pose threats to cultural continuity and intergenerational transmission of traditions. Nevertheless, community-driven initiatives, advocacy for cultural rights, and educational reforms aimed at preserving Chakma language and heritage are pivotal in sustaining cultural resilience. The preservation of Chakma identity in Tripura hinges upon the interplay of language revitalization, religious practices, and adaptive social dynamics. Amidst challenges, these elements foster resilience and continuity, reinforcing the cultural vibrancy of the Chakma community in Tripura. This paper explores how traditional medicine contributes to overall wellness, providing a comprehensive approach that harmoniously blends physical, emotional and spiritual care to promote holistic health. The paper also analyses the cultural representation and shared meanings within the Chakma community of Tripura, emphasizing key aspects such as language, religion, rituals and social structure.
To Determine the Prognostic scoring systems (Sokal, Hasford and ELTS) in CML-CP patients and correlation between Haematological parameters
Introduction: The primary goal of CML management is to stratify patient’s risk to identify the most optimal therapeutic regimen. The Sokal, Hasford and ELTS risk ratings were developed to predict patients on treatment. Aim: To perform a comparative study of CML prognostic indicators (Sokal, Haslford, and ELTS) at Swami Rama Himalayan University CML-CP patients with their demographical and haematological parameters. Method: This is a retrospective study performed on 71 Ph+ CML-CP patients who were never administered imatinib orally and study their demographical and haematological data. 30/71 were females and 41/71 were males with median age 38 years (range 18-75 years). 3(4.22%), 27(38.02%) and 41(57.75) patients were discriminated into low, intermediate and high risk in Sokal score respectively. 12(16.90%), 37(52.11%) and 22(30.99%) patients were discriminated into low, intermediate and high risk of Hasford score respectively and 5(7.04%), 28(39.44%), 38(53.52%) were patients divided into low, intermediate and high respectively of ELTS. Conclusion: The study found that Sokal and ELTS significantly predict treatment outcomes for CML-CP patients taking imatinib, and patients aged 20-39 are highly effective.
Randhir Kumar Mahato, Nadia Shirazi, Mansi Kala ,Swati Sharma
A Quality Improvement Approach to Standardize Clinical Handover for Nurse s in Critical Care Units of Selected Tertiary Care Hospital, Dehradun Uttarakhand
Introduction: The World Health Organization's priority for patient safety has been the driving force behind improvement in clinical handover and health communication broadly globally (WHO 2010). To provide high-quality treatment, health care workers need to communicate with other professionals. One of the most crucial communication transactions is the clinical handover. The Joint Commission has said that enhancing handover should be a national patient safety objective and has pointed to communication issues as a common source of medical mistakes. Effective communication, care continuity, error prevention, and patient safety are all enhanced by well-executed handover. Purpose: To assess the existing nursing clinical handover practice and develop & implement an evidence-based standardized framework in the critical care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand. Methodology: Pre-Implementation: A mixed-methods approach was employed to assess nursing clinical handover practices in a critical care setting. An audit of the existing handover checklist in the critical care unit aimed to ensure consistency and standardization. Nurses in the critical care unit participated in a focused group discussion, and their handover practices were observed using a self-structured observational checklist in 30 instances per shift. Descriptive and content analysis of the gathered data revealed shortcomings in the existing handover tool, prompting the development of a standardized ISBAR framework tool. Implementation Process: The ISBAR tool underwent validation by professionals, followed by a pilot study to assess feasibility. Subsequently, nurses in the critical care unit received training, and the ISBAR tool was officially adopted. Quarterly audits were instituted to monitor progress and sustainability, and nurses provided feedback through Google Forms. Results: Post-Implementation: Following the implementation of the ISBAR tool, notable improvements were observed. Handover time decreased from 20 to 15 minutes, with enhanced note-taking (100% compliance), improved two-way communication (reaching 100% in February and May 2023), and a significant reduction in noise and interruptions during handovers. The ISBAR tool was well-received by nurses, with positive feedback indicating its relevance (90%), time-saving nature (90%), organizational effectiveness (89%), provision of comprehensive information (90%), and easy comprehensibility (93%). Nurses reported that the ISBAR tool significantly increased efficiency, saving time and improving completeness in patient information reporting. Communication-related incidents showed a marked decrease from 0.47% (Jan-Aug 2022) to 0.017% (Aug 2022-May 2023). Conclusion: In conclusion, the implementation of the ISBAR framework proved highly effective in addressing the shortcomings of the pre-existing handover practices. The standardized tool not only streamlined the handover process but also contributed to a significant reduction in communication-related incidents, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
Jaibunnisha , Yogyata Kandwal , Solomon Thapaliyal , Mridula Sunderiyal , Reena Habil
Growing Evidences of Challenging Environment in Nursing Profession: A Qualitative Study of Patterns, Causes and Outcomes
The raising violence against overall medical professional has increased over few last decades. The nursing personnels bear the primary responsibility of caregiving for in patient departments and cater to their medical needs. This profession demands rigorous training and supervision to provide the best support. The aim was to understand the patterns, causes and outcomes of challenges against the nursing personnels. The data of 20 online news articles and blogs was collected on 04.09.2024 through google search. The coding and themes were analysed manually. The frequency and percentage analysis were done with the help of a software. The result findings revealed a total of 4 themes and 9 sub-themes, focusing on current patterns, causes and outcomes of rising challenges among nursing personnels. Based on present findings, it can be concluded that the struggles or challenges of nursing personnels is increasing rapidly along with high work demand and absence of balanced work life.
Akanksha, Dr. Devina Sharma ,Swati Saxena
Awareness And Acceptance Of Human Milk Donation Among Lactating Mothers Attending A Tertiary Care Hospital In South India
INTRODUCTION:- Breastfeeding for at least two years is advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as optimal for infant growth and development, with exclusive breastfeeding recommended for the first six months. Breast milk provides essential nutrients, growth hormones, and immune factors vital to a child's health. However, issues like lactation insufficiency, work commitments, and socio-cultural influences may hinder breastfeeding, leading to an increase in formula milk usage. Mother milk banks (MMBs) have emerged to provide donated breast milk for infants in need, especially when a mother's milk is unavailable. WHO, along with UNICEF, endorses donated human milk as the preferred alternative. Globally, around 500 milk banks exist, with notable growth in Europe, Africa, and Asia. This study explores the knowledge and acceptance of breast milk donation among mothers to boost donations and improve breastfeeding practices. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:- This study aims to examine mothers' knowledge and attitudes regarding breast milk donation, with an emphasis on understanding their acceptance of the practice. By evaluating the awareness and perspectives of mothers, the research intends to collect essential data to support the establishment and growth of breast milk banks, ultimately facilitating broader access to donated human milk for infants in need. MATERIALS AND METHODS:-‘ This 12-month study by the Department of Paediatrics at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital includes 300 lactating mothers from the Postnatal ward and immunization clinic. Participants are either mothers who delivered at the hospital or have children under two years visiting the clinic. Data analysis will be performed using SPSS software, with categorical variables reported as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables as means with standard deviations. Univariate analysis will be used to identify risk factors, and associations between variables will be assessed using the Chi-square test and independent samples t-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 will indicate statistical significance. RESULTS:- In this study, 67.3% of participants were aged 21-25, with 14.3% being illiterate and 18% having only completed middle school. Higher education was linked to greater awareness of breast milk donation. Most participants (70.7%) were unemployed, potentially contributing to lower awareness. A large portion (88%) lived in nuclear families, while joint families seemed more inclined to donate. The majority (68.7%) came from low to middle socio-economic backgrounds, and 63.7% had only one child. Although 89.7% had four or more antenatal visits and 61.3% initiated breastfeeding immediately after birth, only 28.3% knew about breast milk donation, and 11.7% were aware of milk banks. However, 56.5% expressed willingness to donate with proper guidance. Key concerns included milk supply (74.8%) and infection fears (66.1%). CONCLUSION:- In conclusion, the majority of breastfeeding mothers showed a positive outlook toward donating breast milk. The study emphasizes the importance of healthcare professionals, especially nurses, in expanding their knowledge of breastfeeding and donation to promote awareness and support the establishment of breast milk banks. Further research should explore healthcare professionals' perspectives, as their input is essential for the success of milk donation programs.
Dr. Vaibhav Patel,Dr. S. Jagadeeswari,Dr. S. Sundari
Comparative study of strip (stool color for triage of infants for phototherapy) score and transcutaneous bilirubinometer with serum bilirubin in predicting accuracy of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
INTRODUCTION: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, marked by elevated bilirubin levels in newborns, can arise from various factors such as sepsis, ABO and Rh incompatibility, polycythemia, cephalhematoma, and dehydration. These conditions lead to hemolysis, liver dysfunction, or hindered bilirubin excretion. Preterm infants are particularly at risk due to immature liver function, and parity can influence outcomes through breastfeeding practices and hemolytic disease risks in subsequent pregnancies. Clinical assessment is essential for distinguishing physiological from pathological jaundice. AIM & OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the STrIP score and transcutaneous bilirubinometer against serum bilirubin levels in predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We seek to determine their accuracy and reliability and assess associated risk factors to enhance early detection and management of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study will include neonates over 35 weeks gestational age with clinical jaundice, obtaining parental consent. Serum bilirubin levels will be measured at 72 hours of life, and a clinical assessment will be conducted using the Kramer scale. The STrIP score will be calculated from stool samples and compared to transcutaneous bilirubin readings to assess accuracy using Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Among 290 newborns, 73.8% were term. Clinically significant jaundice was 2.03 times more common in primiparous mothers and significantly associated with gestational age, birth trauma, pregnancy complications, Rh status, and ABO incompatibility. Dehydration and polycythemia were strongly linked to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, with males slightly more prevalent among participants. CONCLUSION: The STrIP score provides enhanced predictive accuracy and a better correlation with serum bilirubin levels than the transcutaneous bilirubinometer. The study identifies significant associations between various factors and clinically significant jaundice, highlighting the importance of STrIP as a non-invasive option for managing neonatal jaundice.
Dr. Shri Lakshmi, Dr.Shanthi Ramesh, Dr. Somasekar R, Dr Madhu Manaswini ,Dr Shyamnith M
A study of the distribution and determinants of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children aged between 6 to 11 years attending a tertiary care hospital in Chennai
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurobehavioral disorder in children, often leading to negative outcomes such as academic struggles and low self-esteem. Despite its prevalence, a significant percentage of cases remain undiagnosed. Aims & Objectives: This study aims to identify the distribution and determinants of ADHD among children aged 6 to 11 years attending a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 12 months (July 2022 - August 2023) at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. A sample size of 430 children was determined based on a prevalence rate of 11.32%. Data were collected using a Personal Information Questionnaire and Conner’s Abbreviated Rating Scale. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from parents. Results:- In this study, we screened 430 children aged 6 to 11 years at the Pediatric Outpatient Department of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. The distribution of ADHD risk categories, as assessed by the Conner’s Abbreviated Rating Scale, revealed that 60% of the participants were classified as low risk, 25% as medium risk, and 15% as high risk. Co-existing conditions were frequently observed in those diagnosed with ADHD, with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders being the most prevalent. Statistical analysis indicated significant associations between ADHD and variables such as family psychiatric history and socio-economic status, with a p-value of less than 0.05. Discussion:- The findings of this study align with existing literature that highlights the high prevalence of ADHD among school-aged children. With 15% of the sample falling into the high-risk category, this underscores the critical need for early screening and intervention in pediatric settings. The identified co-morbidities, particularly ODD and anxiety, reflect the complexity of ADHD as a disorder that often impacts multiple facets of a child's life. Additionally, the significant associations with socio- economic factors suggest that children from disadvantaged backgrounds may be at a heightened risk, necessitating targeted interventions. Given the global prevalence rates of ADHD, which range from 5.3% to 9.2%, our findings provide important local data that can guide healthcare strategies and resource allocation. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the urgency for increased awareness, screening, and therapeutic approaches for ADHD within pediatric healthcare frameworks, as early detection and intervention are vital for improving educational and psychosocial outcomes for affected children.
Dr.shyamnith manoharan, Dr. Priya margaret, Dr. Madhu manaswini, Dr. Shri lakshmi
Comprehensive Inflammatory Biomarker Profiling In Diabetic Nephropathy: Identifying Key Indicators For Early Diagnosis And Therapeutic Intervention
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a major microvascular complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), arising from chronic hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. DN significantly contributes to end-stage renal disease worldwide, emphasizing the need for early detection and targeted management strategies. Objective This study aimed to compare metabolic, renal, and inflammatory markers between individuals with diabetic nephropathy and those without nephropathy to identify key biomarkers and pathophysiological factors that differentiate the two groups. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Dr. Kiran C. Patel Medical College and Research Institute, recruiting 200 participants over 12 months. One hundred participants were diagnosed with DN based on albuminuria and reduced eGFR, while 100 individuals with diabetes but without nephropathy served as controls. Demographic data, metabolic parameters (FBS, PP2BS, HbA1C), renal indices (creatinine, eGFR, microalbumin, cystatin C), and inflammatory/oxidative markers (IL-10, Fetuin-A, OxLDL, Adiponectin, Total Antioxidant Status) were measured and analyzed. Statistical tests included independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and multiple regression models, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Compared to controls, the DN group exhibited significantly higher glycemic indices (FBS: 178.96 ± 16.35 vs. 90.83 ± 10.63 mg/dL; HbA1C: 8.05 ± 1.68% vs. 4.39 ± 0.76%; both p < 0.001) and markedly impaired renal function (eGFR: 39.2 ± 14.3 vs. 96.7 ± 9.5 mL/min/1.73 m²; p < 0.001). Inflammatory markers such as IL-10 (15.98 ± 4.48 pg/ml), Fetuin-A (102.77 ± 14.16 ng/ml), and OxLDL (149.56 ± 137.67 ng/ml) were elevated in the DN group (all p < 0.01), whereas Total Antioxidant Status was substantially lower (312.14 ± 169.37 vs. 887.52 ± 116.93; p < 0.001). Regression analyses did not identify a single biomarker as the dominant predictor of eGFR or HbA1C but highlighted the complex and multifactorial nature of DN. Conclusion The study underscores a strong association between advanced kidney dysfunction and chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and poor glycemic control in patients with diabetic nephropathy. These data reinforce the importance of an integrated therapeutic approach that addresses metabolic control and inflammatory-oxidative pathways to delay DN progression.
Divya Singh, Dr Ivvala Anand Shaker, Neeti Patel
A Cross-Sectional Study On “Nonadherence To Medication, Self-Care Practices And Health-Related Quality Of Life Of Type-2 Diabetic Patients Visiting To Tertiary Care Hospital Of Vadodara, Gujarat”
Background: India has the second-highest number of diabetics globally, with over 74.2 million individuals diagnosed in 2021. This number is projected to rise to 124.9 million by 2045, according to the International Diabetes Federation (2021). Aim: To determine the association between nonadherence to self-care practices, medication, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among type-2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara, Gujarat. The study included 164 type-2 diabetic patients aged 30–60, interviewed between September and October 2021 using a pre-designed schedule based on the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Nonadherence rates were assessed for self-care practices such as diet care, exercise, foot care, and medication. Data analysis was performed using Chi-squared tests to explore relationships between variables and ordinal logistic regression in Jamovi software to assess significant associations. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Nonadherence rates were highest for foot care (56%), followed by exercise (26.8%), diet care (19.5%), and medication (12.8%). Significant associations were found between nonadherence to all self-care practices and issues in mobility and self-care (p<0.05). Nonadherence to exercise and medication was associated with problems in usual activities (p<0.05). Pain/discomfort issues were linked to nonadherence to diet care, exercise, and foot care (p<0.05), while anxiety was associated with nonadherence to diet care, exercise, and medication (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study identified varying nonadherence rates to self-care practices among type-2 diabetic patients, significantly impacting their HR-QoL and contributing to a poorer quality of life.
Inter relationship between diet and depression among adolescent males residing in urban areas.
BACKGROUND: In India, teenage malnourishment is becoming a growing public health issue. The WHO estimated that 20% of adolescents also struggle with mental health issues. There are a number of biological and behavioral reasons at play in the complex and varied association that exists between eating habits and depressive symptoms. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary habits and depression in urban adolescents in Telangana, India. METHODLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 male adolescents aged 10-19 years, selected through multistage random sampling from local schools. A semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect demographic and socio-economic data initially, and then dietary behavior was assessed using self-reported eating habit questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. Depression among them was measured using the KADS, a self-report screening tool with 6-items. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 16.7 years, and the mean BMI of the subjects was 23.2. AEHQ showed that 63% of the subjects were consuming higher than RDA of fats, sweets, and meats and 42% are consuming lower than recommended servings of vegetables and fruits. Those with poor diets had a mean KAD score of 6.12, indicating higher depressive symptoms, compared to 5.35 for those with almost adequate diets and 5.28 for those with good diets (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlight how crucial teenage eating habits are to the preservation of both physical and mental well-being. Improvements in nutrition and diet have the potential to be low-cost, acceptable, and safe therapies and treatments for adolescent depression.
Financial Literacy, Savings, and Investment: A Study with Special Reference to Women Cashew Workers in Kollam District
This study examined the financial literacy levels, savings behavior, and investment practices of women cashew workers in Kollam district, Kerala. The research revealed that a significant proportion of women workers lacked basic financial knowledge, with 72% scoring below 10 on the financial literacy scale. The study also found a significant association between education level and savings behavior, with workers with secondary education saving more than those with primary education or less. The study's findings highlighted the need for targeted financial education programs to improve financial literacy among women workers. Such programs could focus on building foundational knowledge of financial concepts, including interest rates, inflation, and investment options. Additionally, the study found that financial literacy score and income level were significant predictors of investment behavior, suggesting that improving literacy could boost investment practices. The study also revealed limited access to banking services among women workers, with only 25% having active bank accounts and 15% using mobile banking services. This disparity highlighted the need for initiatives that promote financial inclusion, such as outreach programs, financial literacy workshops, and mobile banking services.
The Implementation Of Artificial Intelligence In Education: Systematic Analysis
Background: The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced Education, demonstrating substantial potential to transform traditional teaching and learning methods. AI reshapes teacher-student interactions and the relationship with knowledge. Objective: To analyze the potential benefits, ethical challenges, and limitations of AI in Education based on recent scientific literature, emphasizing the balance between technology and human interaction. Methods: A documentary research approach with a descriptive focus was employed, following the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews. The search strategy involved analyzing evidence from 18 scientific articles published within the last six years. Results: AI offers several advantages in Education, including: Personalization: Innovative and adaptive solutions enable individualized learning experiences. Feedback: Instant and accurate feedback facilitates improved student understanding. However, ethical challenges such as data privacy, equitable access to technology, and the role of educators persist. Conclusions: AI holds promise as a valuable tool for modern Education, enhancing learning personalization and outcomes. However, it cannot replace educators and requires ethical considerations and equitable access. Finding a balance between AI and human interaction is essential for effective integration. Addressing these challenges will maximize AI's potential benefits in 21st-century Education.
Efficacy of Multimodal Physiotherapy Interventions in the Functional Recovery of Stroke-Induced Hemiplegia: A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study
Background: Stroke-induced hemiplegia severely impacts functional abilities and quality of life. Multimodal physiotherapy offers a comprehensive approach, but evidence on its long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness remains limited. Objective: This study evaluates the long-term efficacy of a multimodal physiotherapy intervention for stroke-induced hemiplegia, explores patient and caregiver experiences, and assesses cost-effectiveness compared to standard care. Methods: A mixed methods randomized controlled trial was conducted with 200 stroke patients (100 intervention, 100 control) over 12 months. The multimodal intervention included task-oriented training, constraint-induced movement therapy, robot-assisted therapy, virtual reality exercises, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and aerobic exercises. Standard care was provided to the control group. Quantitative outcomes were measured using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Qualitative data were collected via interviews and focus groups. Cost-effectiveness was analyzed using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Results: The intervention group demonstrated greater improvements in FMA (+29.3 vs. +13.8 points, p<0.001), MBI (+40.4 vs. +23.4 points, p<0.001), SIS (p<0.05 across domains), and 6MWT (+180.1 vs. +100.3 meters, p<0.001). Qualitative findings highlighted themes of empowerment, holistic recovery, and technological engagement. Cost-effectiveness analysis yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $24,643 per QALY. Conclusion: Multimodal physiotherapy demonstrated superior efficacy, improved quality of life, and cost-effectiveness, supporting its adoption in stroke rehabilitation.
Shruti Mahato, Urvashi, Ramendra Kumar Raman, Kanhaiya Jee, Dhiren Kumar Panda
A Comparative Analysis of Game-Based Learning vs. Traditional Education in Promoting Sustainability Awareness among Students
Sustainability education plays a crucial role in enhancing awareness on global environmental issues and developing responsible behaviors among future generations. Conventional lecturing methods in teaching usually do not facilitate active student participation and long-term retention of sustainability concepts since they depend on passive learning. This has made the need for more interactive teaching strategies to enhance students' understanding and interest in sustainability. This paper examines GBL as an emerging strategy to bridge this gap. GBL combines interactive features of simulations, gamified quizzes, and role-playing to immerse students in the real world, thus fostering problem-solving skills. This research aims to compare how GBL compares with TE methods to enhance knowledge about sustainability, engagement, and overall outcomes. This is new in its application because it uses game-inspired activities to make learning more interactive. Findings show that GBL leads to significant gains in student performance and engagement. For instance, there was a 35% improvement in post-test scores concerning sustainability knowledge for the experimental group as compared to a mere 15% increase for the control group. Students in the GBL group also reported greater engagement and a higher likelihood to recommend the learning method, implying that the interactive nature of learning contributed to the success. This study indicates that GBL is a better alternative and more engaging when compared to traditional methods of learning, especially when dealing with complicated subjects like sustainability. This study, therefore, points out that it is possible to include GBL in curricula to have deep learning, critical thinking, and long-term retention of sustainability concepts.
Mental Health Apps: Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Mobile Applications In Treating Depression A Bibliometric Analysis
Background: Depression is a global mental health concern affecting millions of individuals. Mobile applications have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment and management of depression, providing scalable and accessible solutions. Objective: This bibliometric analysis evaluates the research landscape on the effectiveness of mobile applications in treating depression. Methods: The study utilized the Web of Science Core Collection to analyze English-language articles and reviews published between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2024. A total of 914 papers were identified, including 622 original articles and 292 review articles. Trends in publication volume, key contributors, and thematic areas of focus were assessed. Results: Publication Trends: Research activity has steadily increased, with 134 papers published in 2023. Geographical Contribution: The United States leads with 245 publications and 15,372 citations. Europe and Asia also contribute significantly, with the United Kingdom and Australia being prominent contributors in Europe. Key Authors and Institutions: Notable contributors include Mohammad O Heydari (Northwestern University), Torous J (Harvard Medical School), and Proudfoot J (University of Sydney). Northwestern University leads in publication volume, while the University of Sydney's works have high citation rates. Benchmark Journals: Key journals in this field include JMIR Mental Health, BMC Psychiatry, and PLoS ONE. Thematic Focus: Common terms include cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), mindfulness, self-help, anxiety, and user engagement, highlighting current research interests. Conclusion: This analysis underscores the importance of mobile applications in delivering scalable, accessible mental healthcare services for depression. The findings emphasize the need for sustained international collaboration and the integration of clinical psychology expertise to enhance the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in combating depression.
Amina Saidu Kakangi, Abdullah Tariq, Ayesha Rafaqat, Dr. Sumaya Batool, Rakshanda Rasheed, Anirudh Gupta, Azza M.Atya, Dr. Shirin Alimour
Behavioral Change Interventions For Diabetes Management Through Iot Platforms: A Study On Real-Time Feedback And Patient Engagement
Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the use of IoT platforms to deliver behavioral change interventions for people with Diabetes, with a primary emphasis on the Effectiveness of real-time feedback. The goal is to analyse how several IoT products, like the continuous glucose monitoring device and the smart insulin pens, improve how patients manage their blood sugar levels, make lifestyle changes to their regimens, and verify compliance with treatment regimens. Research / Methodology /approach – A quantitative research approach was employed in this study, tapping a large survey that was administered to people with Diabetes who employ IoT platforms in managing their Diabetes. The participants were recruited through an online surveying technique using a structured questionnaire, where 164 patient participants were recorded; age, type of Diabetes, and IoT usage frequency of patients would not be homogenous. Self-administered quantitative and qualitative real-time questionnaires were also conducted to assess participants' experiences with real-time feedback, their utility in influencing behaviour change, and the difficulties of engaging in IoT devices. Findings – The study shows that real-time feedback given by IoT networks leads to increased activity on the part of the patient and contributes to changes in behaviours, including physical activities, diet, and administration of insulin. Those of the participants who were assigned to receive continuous feedback were found to have changed their lifestyles as soon as they began the program and had higher compliance with their diabetes regimes. Some of the challenges that were noted were the cost of the devices, technical issues, and questions about data security. Nevertheless, as this study has shown, there is a prospect of IoT platforms unleashing a new generation of Diabetes self-management based on individual patient control supported by analysis of big data. Practical Implications – The study indicates that healthcare providers and technology healthcare developers might use the application of IoT platforms in healthcare to enhance the course of diabetes patient's outcomes through the provision of self-monitoring tools that allow real-time monitoring of Diabetes. The implications arising out of these are useful in the design of future IoT gadgets and healthcare models encompassing patient involvement, targeted care, and data protection. The more advanced the IoT technology becomes, the more disruptive it becomes to the diabetes management process and how it helps eliminate complications and increase adherence to treatments while improving patients' quality of life. Originality/value – This research finds its place in the existing scholarship on the application of IoT in healthcare by offering a clear explanation of how real-time feedback enhances behavioral change in patients with Diabetes. It provides a plethora of information regarding the benefits and concerns that accompany the implementation of IoT platforms for aiding chronic diseases, the importance of creating IoT platforms that are easy to use and secure for patients, as well as the potential to increase the overall quality of life and success of the said platform.
Gul Naz, Syeda Pakiza Batool, Shelly Otasowie Ibadin, Salman Asghar, Manita Khadka, Abdul Qadeer Memon
The Role Of Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio In Predicting Mortality Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent condition and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are associated with heightened airway inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is recognized as a reliable marker of systemic inflammation and an independent predictor of outcomes in stable COPD. However, its predictive value for in-hospital mortality in AECOPD patients remains uncertain. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the cut-off point, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the NLR for predicting in-hospital mortality in AECOPD patients, as well as to identify independent risk factors associated with mortality. Methods: A hospital-based cohort study was conducted with follow-up during hospitalization. Patients aged ≥18 years with AECOPD admitted to Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital between December 2023 and October 2024 were included, provided they met the inclusion criteria. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between in-hospital mortality and clinically significant risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the NLR cut-off for predicting mortality. Results: A total of 150 patients (mean age 67.60 ± 9.42 years) were included in the study. The median NLR was 7.80 (IQR 2.75–9.66), with significantly higher values in the mortality group (median NLR 16.01, IQR 6.33–21.28) compared to the non-mortality group (median NLR 7.12, IQR 2.46–9.12, p<0.05). The ROC curve analysis identified an NLR cut-off of 6.28 (AUC 0.793, p=0.001) for predicting in-hospital mortality, with a sensitivity of 81.80%, specificity of 62.70%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 15.26%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.67%. Univariate regression analysis revealed significant risk factors for in-hospital mortality, including ICU admission (OR=6.611, p=0.004), severe AECOPD (OR=3.825, p=0.036), mechanical ventilation (OR=14.743, p=0.001), increased pulse rate ≥95 beats/minute (OR=7.096, p=0.015), and NLR ≥6.28 (OR=7.56, p=0.012). Multivariate analysis identified a high NLR (≥6.28) as the only independent risk factor, increasing the risk of in-hospital mortality by 7.831 times (p=0.016). Conclusions: Patients with AECOPD had a median NLR of 7.80 (IQR 2.75–9.66). An NLR cut-off of 6.28 demonstrated high sensitivity (81.80%) and specificity (62.70%) for predicting in-hospital mortality. Clinicians should closely monitor the NLR in AECOPD patients, particularly when it exceeds 6.28, to assess mortality risk and optimize treatment strategies.
Đoàn Lê Minh Hạnh , Đào Huy Toàn , Trần Văn Thi
Characterization of Quinacrine-Induced Structural and Antigenic Modifications in Calf Thymus DNA Using Biophysical and Immunological Techniques
Background: Quinacrine, a heterocyclic acridine derivative, has been historically used as an antimalarial drug and is now investigated for its anticancer potential. However, its interaction with DNA raises concerns about potential carcinogenicity due to structural alterations induced in the DNA molecule. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the structural and antigenic modifications in calf thymus DNA induced by quinacrine in a concentration- and time-dependent manner using biophysical and immunological approaches. Methods: Calf thymus DNA was treated with quinacrine at various concentrations and incubation times. Structural alterations were characterized using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, fluorescence emission analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), agarose gel electrophoresis, and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Antigenic changes were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inhibition assays using New Zealand White rabbits immunized with native and quinacrine-modified DNA. Results: UV analysis revealed significant hypochromicity at 260 nm, with 35–52% reduction in absorbance depending on quinacrine concentration and incubation time. CD spectra demonstrated altered ellipticity, suggesting disruptions in the native B-DNA conformation. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed shifts in vibrational bands indicative of perturbations in purine, pyrimidine, and phosphate backbone regions. Fluorescence analysis showed a 60% increase in intensity at 492 nm in quinacrine-modified DNA, confirming binding interactions. ELISA and inhibition assays demonstrated high specificity of induced antibodies for quinacrine-modified DNA, with differential recognition of various inhibitors. Conclusion: Quinacrine induces significant structural modifications in DNA through intercalation and groove binding, as evidenced by spectroscopic and immunological analyses. These findings underscore the need for caution in the therapeutic use of quinacrine due to potential carcinogenic effects and offer insights into its interaction with DNA for future drug design.
Dr. Asha K. S, MD, Dr. R. Sripradha, M.Sc, Ph.D , Dr. K. M. Tullanithi, M.Sc, Ph.D
Combination Therapies In Cancer: Synergistic Approaches For Enhanced Efficacy
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases to treat due to its complexity and diversity. Traditional monotherapies often fail due to treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. Combination therapies offer a promising solution by utilizing synergistic approaches that integrate various treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. This strategy aims to disrupt multiple pathways critical to tumor survival, thereby overcoming the limitations of single-agent therapies. Recent advancements emphasize the importance of understanding tumor microenvironments, molecular mechanisms, and pharmacokinetic interactions to design effective combination regimens. For example, combining photodynamic therapy with targeted drugs or chemotherapy has shown improved efficacy and reduced toxicity in specific cancers, such as breast cancer and glioblastoma. Similarly, immune checkpoint inhibitors paired with conventional therapies have demonstrated enhanced response rates and extended survival in hard-to-treat cancers like melanoma and lung cancer. Emerging technologies, such as nanocarrier systems and artificial intelligence (AI), are revolutionizing combination therapy design. Nanocarriers enable precise drug delivery to tumor sites, minimizing off-target effects, while AI facilitates the discovery of novel drug pairings and personalized treatment plans. Additionally, targeted therapies like PARP inhibitors, when combined with immune modulation techniques, offer innovative solutions for patients with genetic susceptibilities, such as BRCA mutations. However, challenges persist in translating preclinical success to clinical applications, including managing toxicity, understanding resistance mechanisms, and optimizing patient selection. Future research must focus on integrating biomarker-driven approaches and leveraging advanced delivery systems to improve outcomes. In conclusion, combination therapies represent a pivotal advancement in oncology, promising enhanced efficacy, reduced side effects, and personalized treatment strategies. These developments underscore the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to refine and implement combination regimens effectively, ultimately improving survival and quality of life for cancer patients.
A study to predict difficult airway by Ultrasonography and conventional indices in Obese and Non-Obese population
Background: A “difficult airway” is defined as the clinical situation in which a conventionally trained anesthesiologist experiences difficulty with mask ventilation, difficulty with tracheal intubation or both. The purpose of undertaking airway assessment is to diagnose the potential for difficult airway for optimal patient preparation, proper selection of equipment and technique and participation of personnel experienced in the difficult airway management. This study aims at proper airway assessment using conventional methods and ultrasound and then comparing it with the result obtained by laryngoscopy using proper statistical tests to prove the usefulness of USG for difficult airway prediction. Material and Methods: This was a prospective comparative study done in the department of anesthesia and critical care in Sarojini Naidu Medical college, Agra. It involved a total of 120 patients divided into 2 groups of 60 patients each based on their BMI value who were found to be eligible for the study after meeting the inclusion criteria. Its objective was to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonography over conventional methods in prediction of difficult airway in obese and non-obese population. The study was conducted over a period of 18 months. The outcomes studied were Mallampati score, hyomental distance ratio obtained clinically, neck circumference, mouth opening, and neck mobility for conventional indices while hyomental distance ratio obtained using ultrasonography, hyoid bone visualization, distance from skin to epiglottis and anterior neck soft tissue at the level of vocal cord. The level of significance was set at <0.05. Results: On the basis of all the conventional indices combined, 15 patients in non-obese group while 53 patients in obese group were found to be having difficult airway. On the basis of all the USG indices combined, 10 patients in non-obese group while 42 patients in obese group were found to be having difficult airway. Upon laryngoscopy, 10 patients in non-obese and 39 patients in obese group were found to be having difficult airway. All the groups were compared and the result was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The above results clearly show the superiority of USG over conventional methods as a tool for prediction of difficult airway in both obese and non-obese population. Ultrasound of the upper airway shows promise in being an effective method for airway management.
Dr. Rajeev Puri, Dr. Vatsyayan Srivastava, Dr. Akanksha Verma, Dr. Varun Dwivedi, Dr. Santosh Kumar, Dr. Utkarsh Puri
Spectral characterisation and assessment of triterpenoids isolated from leaf extract of Glochidion talakonense
Glochidion talakonense belongs to the family Phyllanthaceae, is a tree, up to 7m high, that grows wild throughout Talakona, Seshachalam biosphere reserve in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. In traditional medicine, this species has been applied to use for a various biological activity in traditional medicine. However, there is no information about chemical composition and bioactivity of this species. This study focuses on the isolation and identification of compounds from Glochidion talakonense. The methanol extract of the Glochidion talakonense leaf was separated by liquid-liquid extraction, followed by different chromatographic techniques to purify the chemical composition. The result showed that five terpenoids including lupeol (1), Glochidiol (2), Lupa-1,20(29) diene-3-one (3), Lup-20(29)-ene-3β,16β-diol (4), Lup-20(29) ene-1,3-dione (5) were isolated from the methanol extract. The chemical structures of these terpenoids were elucidated based on IR, NMR and MS spectral analysis, and by comparison with previous references. These compounds have not been previously isolated from Glochidion talakonense.
Prevalence of HPV in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma at a Tertiary Care Centre
Background: Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a significant health burden with emerging evidence suggesting dual pathogenic pathways - one driven by traditional risk factors and another by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The relationship between HPV infection, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and tumor characteristics remains incompletely understood, particularly in the Indian population. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate VEGF expression patterns in OSCC and their association with HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins, while additionally estimating HPV prevalence through viral oncoprotein detection. The study also examined correlations between VEGF expression and various clinicopathological parameters. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study examined 80 cases of histologically proven OSCC. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for VEGF and HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins. VEGF expression was scored using an immunoreactivity scoring system (0-12), while HPV oncoprotein expression was evaluated using combined percentage positivity and intensity scores (0-7). Results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results: VEGF expression was detected in 85% of OSCC cases, with 30% showing high expression (score 9-12), significantly higher than in adjacent dysplastic tissue (p=0.004). HPV prevalence, as indicated by E6 expression, was 37.5%, with lower rates of E7 expression for HPV16 (26.25%) and HPV18 (20%). A significant correlation emerged between VEGF expression and tumor differentiation (p=0.012), with higher expression in well-differentiated tumors. VEGF expression showed no significant associations with HPV oncoprotein status, age, gender, tumor size, lymph node involvement, or TNM stage. Conclusions: The high prevalence of VEGF expression in OSCC and its significant correlation with tumor differentiation suggests its potential role as a prognostic marker. The independence of VEGF expression from HPV status, despite considerable HPV prevalence in the study population, indicates that angiogenic mechanisms might operate independently of viral oncogenesis. These findings suggest that anti-VEGF therapy might be beneficial regardless of HPV status, particularly in early-stage disease.
Dr. Ankita Sharma, Dr. Kekhrieneinuo Mere, Dr. Atul Kumar Singh, Dr. Pulkita Kapil, Dr. Vatan Raj Singh, Dr. Ram Ballabh Upadhyay, Dr Kiran Agarwal, Dr Shilpi Agarwal, Dr. Vipul Agrawal, Dr Sunil Kumar, Dr. Gaurav Verma, Dr. Alok Chandra Bharti
Comparison of Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine in Cervical epidural anaesthesia for thyroid surgery
Thyroid surgeries are conventionally performed under general anaesthesia (GA). With the rising concern for GA-related implications on cardiorespiratory, metabolic and immune status of the patient, a preference for regional anaesthetic techniques has increased worldwide. Epidural anaesthesia is a ubiquitous technique in regional anaesthesia. While the earlier trials have widely focused on lumbar or thoracic epidurals, the cervical approach has been an upcoming technique since the past few years and has attracted investigators to explore its viability for various surgeries. The study was conducted on 80 patients and patients were divided into 2 groups of 40 patients each. Group L receiving 10 ml Levobupivacaine (0.5%) and Group R receiving 10 ml Ropivacaine (0.5%) for Cervical Epidural Anaesthesia. Both the groups were compared in terms of mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, MAP, and there was no significant difference at preoperative period, 30 min. after cervical epidural anaesthesia and at the end of surgery (p>0.05) (although mean SBP, mean DBP and MAP decreases after CEA in both groups).But when both the groups were compared in terms of mean onset time of sensory and motor blockade, there was significant difference (p<0.05). We concluded that the surgeries on thyroid gland can safely be performed under CEA using any of the two formulations of local anaesthetics chosen for our study. In an equal dose (10 ml) Levobupivacaine (0.5%) has a faster onset (sensory and motor block) and longer duration (motor block and analgesia) as compared to Ropivacaine (0.5%). Due to long duration of motor block and analgesia of Levobupivacaine can be used as replacement for other local anaesthetic agent.
Dr. Rajeev Puri, Dr. Dharmendra Kumar, Dr. Anamika Mishra, Dr. Varun Dwivedi, Dr. Utkarsh Puri
Extracellular enzyme activities of endophytic fungus associated with Costus speciosus
Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) related to family Costaceae and believed to originated natively from the southeast Asia, distributed to India and Sri lanka. Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that have established oneself inside the higher plant asymptomatically and these are promising source of biologically active metabolites. These metabolites have been used from ancient time by human in various field like agriculture, as remedy for various ailments. The multiple beneficiary action which has been demonstrated as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-helminthic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic are the result of assistance of these fungal endophytes The isolation was done with freshly prepared PDA media by inoculating healthy tissue of leaf and stem of Costus, inoculation done after surface sterilization by sodium hypochlorite (5%). Some of the fungal genera found as endophytes belongs to Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Phoma, Curvulariacommonly found in nature. This study included the extracellular enzyme activities such as amylase, pectinase, cellulase, L-asparaginase on freshly isolated fungal isolates.
"Evaluating Treatment Outcomes: Comparative Analysis of Hematological and Immunological Profiles in Filarial Patients from Visakhapatnam and East Godavari Districts, Andhra Pradesh"
Background: Filarial diseases, particularly lymphatic filariasis (LF), pose significant public health challenges in tropical regions, including Visakhapatnam and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, where Wuchereria bancrofti is predominantly responsible for infection. This study aims to assess the haematological and immunological changes in filarial patients before and after treatment to better understand the disease dynamics and treatment efficacy. Methods: A hospital-based survey was conducted from June 2022 to June 2023, examining fever cases and filarial infections. Haematological parameters like lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, and immunological markers including immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte subsets were analysed and, compared before and after filarial drug treatment. Results: The study revealed significant haematological disruptions and elevated eosinophilia indicative of parasitic infections. Post-treatment, significant reductions in IgA, IgG, and IgM levels were observed, along with a notable decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio, suggesting an effective modulation of the immune response. The majority of haematological and biochemical parameters remained within normal ranges, indicating a targeted immune response rather than generalized systemic effects. Conclusion: The study underscores the persistent public health burden of lymphatic filariasis in endemic regions of Andhra Pradesh and highlights the importance of continuous monitoring of haematological and immunological profiles to enhance treatment strategies. The results advocate for sustained research and intervention efforts to mitigate the impact of filarial diseases on affected communities.
Systematic Review Of Women Empowerment Using Microfinance Programs And Self-Help Group (Shg)
Women are the bridge between civilizations and the mothers of all races. Endurance, persistence, love, kindness, understanding and compassion are the best qualities that women possess. Although they make up 50% of the world's population, women contribute less than 50 percent of their income to men. Women are excluded from most inclusive initiatives developed by governments. Gender equality and women's empowerment are critical to the country's progress. Economic reforms have helped the government progress, but the weak and vulnerable, especially women, have been left behind. Development and the livelihoods of poor women in the context of employment generation, this paper attempts to assess the situation of women's empowerment and rights using microfinance and SHG. Thus women started earning money. Nowadays, women are contributing significantly to developing every section of the country. The economic status of women will rise through employment opportunities. Microfinance is a tool for economic success that provides the most disadvantaged access to savings and investment opportunities. Microfinance includes non-financial services such as education and mentoring and financial services such as lines of credit, savings accounts, coverage and remittances.This paper makes an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of microfinance on empowerment of women in Rohilkhand region. Sample of 500 respondents is taken and the findings of this study reveal that microfinance is a powerful tool in enhancing women empowerment for its all indicators.
Enhancing Clinical Competency in Oral Implantology: The Role of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) in Postgraduate Training
Background: Oral implantology requires sophisticated clinical knowledge, accuracy, and careful judgment. Many times, conventional training methods lack the systematic feedback needed to master difficult surgeries. Improving clinical proficiency in medical and dental education has found great success with Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS). The effectiveness of DOPS in improving the oral implantology clinical proficiency of postgraduate students is evaluated in this study. Methods: Forty postgraduate students in oral implantology were used in a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design from July 2023 to June 2024 at BSMMU. Participants in several DOPS sessions had clinical proficiency assessed using a standardized rubric both before and after the intervention. A Likert-scale survey was used to gauge the opinions of the students; the reliability and validity of the DOPS instrument were then evaluated. Results: Following DOPS training, clinical competency scores showed a clear increase (pre-test: 62.3 ± 8.4; post-test: 85.7 ± 6.2; p < 0.001). In both post-test and follow-up analyses (p < 0.05), the DOPS group outperformed the control group. With 92% of students saying DOPS improved their clinical skills, students showed rather high satisfaction levels. With Cronbach's Alpha of 0.89 and inter-rater concordance (Cohen's Kappa of 0.82, the DOPS tool showed great dependability). Conclusion: DOPS is a useful tool for improving clinical competency in oral implantology training. Including this in postgraduate courses will help to increase patient outcomes, confidence, and skill acquisition. Reducing challenges including temporal restrictions and student anxiety will improve its implementation.
Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Towards Vitamin D In Pregnant Women And Its Relation With Vitamin D Status
This research paper delves into Vitamin D which is a vital nutrient during pregnancy, contributing significantly to the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. It plays a key role in calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization, which are critical for fetal skeletal growth. Adequate levels of vitamin D during pregnancy are also linked to the proper functioning of the immune system, reduction of inflammation, and regulation of cell growth. Vitamin D deficiency is common among pregnant females, influenced by factors such as limited sun exposure, darker skin pigmentation, dietary habits, and geographical location. Research has associated low levels of vitamin D in pregnant women with increased risks of complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Furthermore, insufficient vitamin D levels may adversely affect fetal development, potentially leading to low birth weight and increased susceptibility to respiratory and allergic conditions in the child. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy has been shown to improve maternal vitamin D status and may help mitigate some of these risks, although the exact dosage and duration remain areas of ongoing research. Routine monitoring of vitamin D levels in pregnant women, particularly those at higher risk of deficiency, is recommended to promote better health outcomes for both mother and child. Further research is needed to refine supplementation guidelines and fully understand the long-term effects of maternal vitamin D status on offspring health.
Dr.Shreya Seira Honarius, Dr.John Abraham, Dr.Clement Prakash ,Dr.Anieta Merin Jacob, Dr. Ambika Akhoury
The Impact Of Ai On Predictive Analytics For Digital Marketing Campaigns
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into predictive analytics is transforming the landscape of digital marketing campaigns. AI-powered predictive models leverage vast amounts of data to forecast consumer behavior, enhance targeting strategies, and optimize marketing spend. This paper explores the multifaceted impact of AI on predictive analytics within digital marketing, emphasizing its role in improving campaign efficiency and personalization. Key advancements include the use of machine learning algorithms for audience segmentation, natural language processing for sentiment analysis, and real-time data processing for adaptive decision-making. By predicting trends and customer preferences with unprecedented accuracy, AI enables marketers to craft data-driven strategies that increase customer engagement and conversion rates. The study also discusses challenges such as data privacy, algorithm bias, and the need for ethical AI deployment. Ultimately, the paper concludes that while AI offers significant advantages in predictive analytics for digital marketing, a balanced approach combining technological innovation with ethical considerations is essential for sustainable success.
Dr. Raynukaazhakarsamy,Dr. Krishna B Koppa ,Dr.S.S.Onyx Nathanael Nirmal Raj ,Dr R Buvaneswari ,Dr Vinayak Anil Bhat ,Dr A Sulthan Mohideen
Impact Of Affiliated Stigma On Social Isolation Among Caregivers Of Schizophrenia And Bipolar Patients: Moderating Role Of Family Resilience.
Background: Caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder often experience affiliated stigma, which can lead to social isolation and emotional distress. Understanding the relationship between affiliated stigma and social isolation is crucial for developing interventions that support caregiver well-being. Family resilience has been proposed as a potential moderator that may mitigate the negative impact of stigma on social isolation. Objectives: This study examines the relationship between affiliated stigma and social isolation among caregivers of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, with a specific focus on the moderating role of family resilience. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study. Department of psychiatry in Benazir Bhutto hospital from jan 2023 to Jan 2024 Methods: A total of 150 caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder participated in the study. Standardized measures, including the Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS), Lubben Social Networking Scale (LSNS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRS), were used to assess stigma, social isolation, and resilience levels, respectively. Correlational analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between affiliated stigma and social isolation, followed by regression and moderation analyses to assess the predictive role of stigma and the buffering effect of resilience. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between affiliated stigma and social isolation (r = .31, p < .01). Regression analysis confirmed that affiliated stigma is a significant predictor of social isolation (β = .31, p < .001). Moderation analysis revealed that resilience significantly buffered the negative impact of stigma on social isolation, indicating that caregivers with higher resilience experienced lower levels of isolation despite stigma. Conclusion: Strengthening caregivers’ resilience can mitigate the adverse effects of affiliated stigma and reduce social isolation. Resilience-based interventions and social support systems should be prioritized to enhance caregiver well-being. Mental health professionals and policymakers must implement resilience-building programs and public awareness campaigns to address societal misconceptions about mental illness and caregiving. Future research should explore longitudinal effects and incorporate qualitative methods to provide deeper insights into caregivers’ lived experiences. Addressing both stigma and resilience contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of caregiver well-being and highlights the importance of targeted psychological support strategies.
Tayyaba Nawaz, Muhammad Kashif, Mahmood Ali Khan Jafri,Arshia Mukhtar
Addressing the Challenges and Potential of Ragpickers in Circular Economy Transitions during a Pandemic: A Case of Varanasi City
Rag-pickers also referred to as informal garbage collectors, play a vital but often overlooked role in maintaining public health and sanitation, which the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically spotlighted. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the current status of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Varanasi, India, with particular emphasis on the roles and conditions of rag-pickers within the Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) framework and in the broader context of the circular economy. The study was carried out using a questionnaire and personal interview method. The responses were recorded and analysed critically. The study indicated a high prevalence of rag-picking among adults aged 30-60 years who were uneducated and migrants from other states. These crucial workers, who collect and sort recyclable waste materials, are socially marginalised groups, living in poor conditions without access to government schemes for protection against occupational hazards and limited awareness of the dangers of occupational hazards. This paper looks at rag-pickers contributions to resource recovery and waste recycling. This research emphasises their critical role in advancing circular economy principles. Their contribution is often ignored in the literature on urban waste management. Recommendations about improving work conditions, health outcomes, and socio-economic status of a marginalised group were made based on findings obtained from the study.
Ravikant Dubey , Anjali Bala , Deepak Rathore , Amrita Dwivedi
Antibacterial Effect of Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) and Kendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) Medicinal Plants Against Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Pathogens Isolated from Clinical Samples of Female Patients
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent infections, especially among females, and are commonly caused by pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Proteus species. The rising antibiotic resistance among these pathogens necessitates the exploration of alternative treatments. This study investigates the antibacterial effects of Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) and Kendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), two medicinal plants traditionally used for their therapeutic properties, against UTI pathogens isolated from clinical samples of female patients. Plant samples were collected from Harli, Barkagaon in the Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand, India, and processed to prepare hot water extracts. Urine samples from UTI-infected patients were cultured to isolate the pathogens, which were then identified through morphological examination and biochemical tests. The antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus spp. Both Punarnava and Kendu extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with Kendu showing slightly higher efficacy. The results indicate the presence of bioactive compounds in these plants capable of inhibiting the growth of UTI pathogens. This study highlights the potential of Punarnava and Kendu as alternative or complementary treatments for UTIs, particularly in light of increasing antibiotic resistance. Further research is needed to isolate and characterize the active compounds and evaluate their efficacy in vivo. The findings underscore the importance of exploring traditional medicinal plants for developing new antimicrobial therapies.
Pharmaceutical Analysis Of Felodipine Via Various Analytical Methods
The morphological and physical characterization of felodipine forms (microcrystalline and macrocrystalline) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical microscopy was done first, and the pharmaco-technical properties ofthe felodipine forms were also determined. This paper describes the analytical method suitable for validation of Felodipine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method, which used Water 2695 with PDA detector. The column used in m) with a flow HPLC was C18 (4.6 x 150mm, 5 rateof1.0 ml/min).After being degassed ina sonicator for approximately ten minutes, the mobile phase, which is composed of ACN: Water (85:15% v/v), had an injection volume of 10µl and an ultraviolet detection wavelength of 362 nm. The procedure was carried out and verified in compliance with ICH norms. The procedure is quick, precise, accurate, dependable, and repeatable, according to validation. The calibration curve plots showed a linear relationship between concentrations 5 and 35 μg/mL (R2=0.999) . The limit of quantification (LOQ)was 0.62 µg/ml, while the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.21 µg/ml. The accuracy, repeatability, and consistency of the suggested approach were determined. It was successfully used to analyze the drug in a commercial formulation and might be applied to routinely analyze formulations that contain felodipine.
Ashok Singh Baghel, Dr. Yuvraj Singh Sarangdevot, Dr. Amul Mishra, Dr. Bhupendra Vyas
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Healthcare-Seeking Behavior Regarding Menopause Among Rural Women: A Questionnaire-Based Assessment of Quality-of-Life Parameters
Background: Menopause significantly impacts women's health and quality of life, particularly in rural settings where healthcare access and knowledge may be limited. Understanding the relationship between menopause-related knowledge, healthcare-seeking behavior, and quality of life is crucial for developing effective interventions for rural women. Objectives: This study aimed to assess menopause-related knowledge, examine healthcare-seeking behavior patterns, and evaluate their impact on quality of life among rural women. Additionally, we investigated the barriers to healthcare access and factors influencing menopause management in rural settings. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 rural women aged 45-60 years, selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including the Menopause Knowledge Questionnaire (MKQ), Menopause Attitude Scale (MAS), and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean knowledge score was 6.8 ± 2.4 out of 15, with only 37% of participants seeking professional healthcare for menopausal symptoms. The mean MENQOL score was 3.8 ± 1.2, indicating moderate quality of life impairment. Knowledge scores significantly correlated with both healthcare-seeking behavior (r = 0.426, p < 0.001) and quality of life (β = -0.324, p < 0.001). Major barriers to healthcare access included financial constraints (64.5%), distance to facilities (58.7%), and lack of awareness (51.2%). Conclusion: The study reveals significant knowledge gaps and limited healthcare-seeking behavior among rural women during menopause, substantially affecting their quality of life. These findings emphasize the need for targeted educational interventions and improved healthcare accessibility in rural areas. Community-based health programs and policy initiatives addressing both educational and structural barriers are recommended to enhance menopausal health management in rural settings.
Formulation and Statistical Optimization of Mupirocin Transferosomal Loaded Gels
Background: Topical Mupirocin is the drug of choice for Impetigo, which is a common bacterial skin infection. There are conventional formulations with limited efficacy due to poor penetration through the barrier of skin. Methods: The present study is an investigation of transferosomes as a novel delivery system for mupirocin. We have formulated and optimized transferosomes using various lipids, edge activators and preparation methods. The factors like drug content, drug release, drug entrapment efficiency (%EE) and zeta potential (ZP) were evaluated. A 3-level factorial design was employed to optimise the most promising formulation among all the compositions. The significant results were obtained from MF3. Hence, it was incorporated into a gel and drug delivery into the skin layers was evaluated by using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Results: The optimized transferosome formulation (MF3) demonstrated superior drug %EE, drug content and a stable ZP. The mupirocin-loaded gel containing MF3 exhibited better drug release properties compared to conventional formulations. CLSM confirmed enhanced skin permeability of mupirocin delivered through the optimized transferosomes. Conclusion: These findings suggest that mupirocin-loaded transferosomes have the potential to improve drug delivery for impetigo treatment. The enhanced skin penetration achieved with this method could lead to more effective therapy and potentially shorter treatment durations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Frontiers in Health Informatics
Modality And Effectiveness Of Delivering Physics Instruction Through Mobile Teaching As An Alternative Teaching-Learning Tool In The New Normal: Basis For Enhancing Responsiveness of Faculty in the SUCs
This descriptive research determined the modality and effectiveness of delivering physics instruction as an alternative tool in the new normal. The results served as basis for determining the responsiveness of the Faculty in the State and Universities and Colleges in Northern Iloilo. Results revealed that most of the faculty were using a combination of modular and online learning modality. The faculty sent modules and followed up through online discussion, and also sent and retrieve modules through online, utlized several devices such as cellphone, laptops and tablets. Likewise, faculty conducted lessons through online twice a week, and the time allocated for the discussion depended on the allocated schedule provided by the program chairs. Moreover, the flexible learning was evaluated by the faculty as moderately effective and absorption rate of the learners were also described as less than 50%. Learners performance according to the faculty was described as satisfactory, through this they preferred to have a mobile school to visit different houses of the learners for monitoring and follow up. The faculty were also willing to be assigned as mobile teachers however, the limitations identified were more on the sustainability of the project in terms of financial aspect, facilities and manpower. Faculty were willing to serve on the best of their capacity and time however, if in terms of financial support if noted to be up to the limit, faculty would decide to eventually not to participate. Finally, the learning modality preferred in terms of mobile learning had a great impact to the learners and the community as well.
Helisidi As A Model Of Dental And Oral Health Care
Introduction. This study aimed to design a model of oral health care for inpatients that could be implemented by Dental and Oral Therapists in hospitals. The model would be tested and, finally, could be applied and used by the TGM at Raden Mattaher Hospital, Jambi Province. Methods. This type of research was applied research, using mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative). The study involved dental and oral therapists (TGM) in the inpatient rooms of Raden Mattaher Hospital, Jambi Province. Results. The results showed that the expert validation score for the inpatient Helisidi model was 91.6%, indicating its high feasibility for use. Meanwhile, the field trial related to the implementation of oral health care yielded a score of 90.74%, signifying its strong suitability for practical application. Additionally, the observations of the implementation of inpatient dental and oral health care revealed a rate of 91.52%, meeting the criteria for highly competent inpatient dental and oral health care implementation. Conclusion: The HELISIDI model and card, developed as an inpatient oral health care model, demonstrated feasibility and competence for use within the inpatient services of Raden Mattaher Jambi Hospital.
Effectiveness Of E-Kalpin-Based Home Management (Hhm) On Improving The Quality Of Life Of Hypertension Patients
Introduction: Preventing and managing hypertension is a complex challenge for healthcare professionals. One approach to address this issue is to empower individuals to take charge of their health through self-care. Self-management involves individuals acquiring the skills to care for themselves effectively to maintain and improve their health and overall well-being. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Home-based Hypertension Management (HHM) in enhancing the quality of life for individuals living with hypertension. Methods: This analytical observational research adopted a cross-sectional design, involving 46 randomly selected participants, and was conducted within the jurisdiction of the Aurduri Community Health Center in Jambi. Data analysis for this study utilized the Spearman rank correlation method. Results: The findings regarding Hypertension Home Management (HHM) for individuals with hypertension indicated that a significant proportion of respondents (45.7%) achieved very high self-management scores, while the majority reported good quality of life (67.4%). The analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.386 (low) signifying a relationship between self-management and the quality of life among hypertension patients within the Aurduri Health Center's jurisdiction. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is indeed a connection between self-management and the quality of life among individuals suffering from hypertension in the Aurduri Health Center's service area.
Kaimuddin, Arvida Bar, Guspianto, M. Ridwan
The Effects of Herbal Medicines on Cancer Therapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Literature Review
Oral mucositis caused by cancer treatment is examined in this review along with the effects of herbal remedies for its treatment. A very frequent and excruciating side effect of chemotherapy and radiation, the paper reviews a range of therapeutic approaches, including pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatments such as caphosol, palifermin, cryotherapy, and photo biomodulation, by the combination of data provided from clinical trials, randomized controlled studies, and systematic reviews. Herbs like honey and botanical preparations are also under study to assess its potential. The results mainly center on how an early precaution with proper oral hygiene works in preventing severe mucositis. The research in turn shows that the treatment processes require further verification of herbal remedies in the treatment of OM, though some of them are good treatments for reducing symptoms such as cryotherapy and photo biomodulation. From all the above, it may be concluded that, in practice, the best management method for enhancing patients' quality of life after cancer treatment might be a multimodal approach of pharmaceutical and natural medicines
Gajanand pujari, Naveen Kumar B D, Neha Samapriya, Md Yusuf Ansari, Gitanjali Kothiyal, Ashish Patel, Harshal S. Anwane, Pankaj Gupta, Neha Arora, Manisha Chandel
A Review of The Effect of Andrographis Panniculata On the Pancreas: Emphasis on Hyperglycemia.
Andrographis paniculata is a plant well known in southern India for several of its medicinal properties. This plant is often used as a part of traditional medicine in treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study is a search on the consolidated effect of AG on hyperglycemia along with its overall effect on the pancreas .
Neha Samphriya, Vijaylaxmi, Gajanand Pujari, Nagalaxmi
In Silico Design and Functional Annotation of Nitrogenous Base-Modified Nucleosides for Therapeutic Applications
Nucleoside analogues are a cornerstone in the treatment of viral infections, cancers, and metabolic disorders, with modifications to their nitrogenous bases offering routes to enhanced efficacy and specificity. This study presents the in-silico design and functional annotation of a novel series of nitrogenous base-modified nucleosides, structured into purine-based, pyrimidine-based, and specially modified therapeutic categories. Utilizing cheminformatics tools and SMILES-based molecular representations, twelve compounds were computationally modelled and annotated for their potential therapeutic roles, including cytotoxic, immunogenic, antimetabolite, and epigenetic applications. The design incorporates known bioactive motifs, such as thiol, halogen, and methyl substitutions, to guide future docking and drug-likeness evaluations. Results suggest that these analogues present promising candidates for targeted docking against disease-relevant proteins and justify further studies into their biological efficacy.
Madhukant Vashishtha, Danveer Singh Yadav
The Diagnostic Biomarkers for Early Detection the Prevalence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients: Systematic Review
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most prevalent diabetic microvascular complications, and it is the prime cause of renal failure with its consequences of hemodialysis, renal transplantation, and finally death. Microalbuminuria diagnostic usefulness in early-stage diabetic nephropathy is limited, because renal damage frequently comes before proteinuria. As a result, there is need for more sensitive and specific biomarkers for the early detection and prevent development of DN. This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of various biomarkers in the early prediction of DN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We only considered studies involving human populations for inclusion in our analysis. Animal and in vitro studies were excluded from this review. Our analysis of 14 observational studies identified several biomarkers, like Nephrin, Wnt/beta-catenin proteins, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), and Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which show significant promise for early detection of DN. Implementing these biomarkers in clinical practice could significantly improve outcomes for patients with DN by facilitating early diagnosis and timely management.
Alyaa Kadhim Hliel, Huda Farhan Ahmed , Hiba Abdul-Hussein
Prevalence And Epidemiological Factors Of Genito-Ulcerative Diseases And Associated Hiv Co-Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study In A Tertiary Care Center
Background: Genito-ulcerative diseases (GUDs) significantly impact public health by contributing to morbidity, stigma, and increased HIV transmission risk. Understanding their epidemiology and aetiology is essential for targeted interventions. Objectives: To assess the distribution of venereal and non-venereal GUDs, identify socio-demographic patterns, determine causative agents, and evaluate HIV prevalence among patients with venereal GUDs. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from August 2016 to July 2018. A total of 628 patients presenting with genital ulcers were enrolled. Data on socio-demographics, clinical features, and laboratory findings were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel and EpiInfo 7, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Our study found that 80.74% of genital ulcerative disease (GUD) cases were venereal, with herpes genitalis being the most prevalent (58.76%), followed by syphilis (8.44%) and chancroid (4.78%). The disease predominantly affected males (73.76%) and individuals aged 25-34 years (38.46%), with the majority belonging to lower socio-economic classes and having secondary education. Risk factors included multiple sexual partners (61.73%) and contact with female sex workers (41.17%) among males, while females commonly reported known acquaintances as partners. Heterosexual transmission was the primary mode (83.9%), and HIV seroprevalence was 18.93%, with mixed venereal diseases and herpes genitalis showing the highest association. Conclusion: Venereal GUDs, particularly herpes genitalis, are the predominant cause of genital ulcers and are closely linked to HIV co-infection. Non-venereal GUDs also pose diagnostic challenges. Targeted health education improved diagnostic facilities, and integrated STI/HIV programs are crucial for effective management and prevention.
Dr. Khyati Parmar, Dr. Martina Balat, Dr. Pravin Parmar, Dr. Kartik Ninama
Comparative Analysis Of Intrusion Force Vectors With Different Temporary Anchorage Device Placements And Heights In Orthodontic Treatment: A Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Aim and Background: This study aims to analyze the intrusion force vectors by utilizing two combinations of temporary anchorage device placements. Combination I involves two mini-screw implants placed bilaterally between the roots of maxillary first molars and second premolars. Combination II includes an additional midline mini-screw implant placed between the roots of maxillary central incisors at a height of 12 mm from the archwire. The objectives are to assess the maximum principal stress in the bone, implant, and periodontal ligament (PDL) and to determine the initial displacement patterns in vertical and antero-posterior directions under varying conditions. Methods: Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to simulate and evaluate the stress distribution and displacement patterns. The study considered different heights of implants (13 mm, 10 mm, and 7 mm from the archwire) and variations in the orientation of anterior retraction hooks. Two groups were analyzed: Group I with bilateral implants and Group II with an additional midline implant at 10 mm height. Each group was subdivided based on the pull direction and height of the implants and hooks. Results: The analysis revealed that Group II implant placement generally resulted in lower stress levels in the PDL and bone compared to Group I. The 3 mm occlusal anterior retraction hook produced the highest stress in most regions. High-pull implants in Group II were most effective in causing anterior segment intrusion. Initial displacements were influenced by the implant placement combination, height, and hook orientation, with significant variations observed across different setups. Conclusion: Combination II implant placement with a high-pull orientation and specific anterior retraction hook height can optimize stress distribution and displacement patterns, enhancing the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. Clinical Significance: This study provides valuable insights into the optimal placement and configuration of mini-screw implants and retraction hooks. For efficient intrusion the use of a mini-screw in the midline along with posterior implant that is combination II was better than only placing 2 mini-screws in the posterior region as in combination I.
Redefining Waste: Apple Pomace as a Resource for a Sustainable Food System
Apple pomace a byproduct generated from the processing of apples into various food products.This fibrous residue consists of peels, cores, and seeds left after extraction of the primary juices and has traditionally been considered waste. However, in recent years, apple pomace has gained attention due to its rich composition of valuable nutrients, including dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals.Research into apple pomace has focused on its potential applications in various industries, particularly in food, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. It has been explored as a source of dietary fiber for functional foods, antioxidants for nutraceuticals, and bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, apple pomace shows promise as a feedstock for biofuel production and as a source of pectin and polyphenols used in food processing and preservation.These pathways include production of biochemical (lactic acid, biobutanol, bioethanol, bio-succinic acid, acetic acid, pectin), functionalfoods (apple pomace enriched rice blends, bread, snacks, noodles), dermal formulations (quercetin-based) and bio based polymers(polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)). In this context, apple pomace bio refineries must be constructed to achieve total waste utilization wherein lifecycle assessment(LCA)studiesshouldbeimplemented.Efforts to valorize apple pomace align with sustainability goals by reducing waste and maximizing resource efficiency in the food industry.
SoumyaSingh ,Ankita Kataria , Sonia Mann, Rhythm Kalsi, Neetu Taneja, Harinder Singh Oberoi, KomalChauhan
Development And Effectiveness Of A Continuity Of Care Pocket Book As An Educational Tool On Midwifery Provider Satisfaction
Background: The quality of care provided by midwives plays a crucial role in maternal and neonatal outcomes, yet their satisfaction with the care process remains a critical factor in improving service delivery. This study aimed to evaluate the development and effectiveness of a Continuity of Care pocket book as an educational tool on midwifery provider satisfaction. Methods: This research utilized a Research & Development approach with a quasi-experimental design, specifically employing a two-group pre-test post-test design, including a control group. Twenty participants were divided into two groups: the pocket book group (80 participants) and the control group. The study was conducted from June to November 2023 at PuskesmasKassi-kassi, PuskesmasJongaya, and PuskesmasMinasaUpa in Makassar City. Data analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney test. Results: The Pocket Book group showed a satisfaction mean value of 19.40 with a standard deviation of 0.882, whereas in the MCH book group, the mean value was 15.95 with a standard deviation of 1.503. The resulting p-value was 0.001, indicating significance at α (0.05). Conclusion: The study's conclusion confirmed that implementing the Continuity of Care module can enhance the satisfaction of midwifery service providers.
Assessing Smartphone Usage And Associated Behaviors Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross Sectional Study
Background: The widespread use of smartphones has become integral to nursing education, providing tools for accessing information, enhancing clinical decision-making, and supporting academic tasks. However, excessive smartphone usage poses risks to students' mental health, physical well-being, and academic performance.This study aimed to assess smartphone usage patterns and associated behaviors among undergraduate nursing students, focusing on dimensions such as daily life disturbance, overuse, withdrawal, cyberspace-oriented relationships, and tolerance. Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 145 undergraduate nursing students at Mewar B.sc. nursing College, Udaipur. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were used to identify significant behavioral patterns. Results:Students using smartphones for more than four hours daily exhibited higher scores across all behavioral dimensions. Overuse behaviors, such as sleep disturbances and physical discomfort, were prevalent. Withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety without smartphone access, highlighted a dependency on smartphones. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between daily smartphone use and adverse behavioral impacts (p < 0.001). Conclusion:The findings highlight the need for institutional strategies to mitigate excessive smartphone use while leveraging its benefits for education and clinical practice. Balanced use should be encouraged through targeted interventions and digital literacy programs.
Outcomes Of Cochlear Implantation In Patients With Severe Hearing Loss
Background: People who experience advanced sensorineural hearing loss face severe problems with their speech communications while simultaneously struggling with their emotional state and personal life quality. Hearing implant technology through cochlear implantation enables deaf patients who fail to respond to traditional hearing devices to experience sound perceptions and improve speech comprehension. Multiple research findings demonstrate the success rate of cochlear implant treatments although results can differ based on patient age groups and length of deafness as well as mental capabilities and therapy loyalty. The evaluation of long-term outcomes based on real-world data plays a vital role in identifying complete cochlear implant advantages and selecting appropriate patients for suggested counseling about realistic results. Objectives: To assess auditory, speech perception, and quality-of-life outcomes in adults with severe hearing loss following cochlear implantation, and to identify potential predictors of postoperative success. Study design: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Place and duration of study. Department of ENT Alkhidmat hospital Nishterabad Peshawar from Feb 2023 to Feb 2024 Methods: Adult patients experiencing severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss received cochlear implantation treatment at a tertiary care center Department of ENT Alkhidmat hospital Nishterabad Peshawar from Feb 2023 to Feb 2024.The study collected pre-operative alongside post-operative data points that included speech perception scores together with audiological thresholds and patient-reported outcome scores through established questionnaires. The analysis included paired t-tests and linear regression as statistical methods. A predictive analysis studied demographic factors including subject age and deafness duration as well as health conditions about the final results. Results: The study included analysis involving 150 patients. The patients implanted with newborns received an average age of 52.6 years with a standard deviation of 14.3 years. The majority (60%) were male. Participants achieved important improvements in speech recognition scores which increased substantially from the baseline of 24.5% to 68.2% following surgery (p < 0.001). The participants demonstrated an average enhanced pure-tone threshold from 85.2 dB initial value to 30.6 dB (p < 0.001). Research results showed that patients experienced substantial improvements in their emotional, social, and communicative functioning domains (p < 0.01). The duration between implant placement and patients' deafness period correlated with their postoperative outcomes. Conclusion: Ambulatory patients with profound hearing difficulties experience meaningful advancements in their hearing system together with superior quality-of-life benefits after cochlear implant surgery. The achievement of maximum results depends on prompt identification and immediate surgical intervention methods. The research evidence confirms cochlear implantation as an important element in complete hearing loss treatment approaches. Post-implantation rehabilitation continues throughout time to create ideal performance results in functional domains.
Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad Ali, Hamza Siraj, Erum Mushtaq, Arifullah, Sohail Khan
Green Practices of Indian and UK Banks: A Comparative Study
The concern for ecological balancing by the banking industry has given birth to a new notion of Green Banking or Sustainable banking. This paper seeks to establish Green Banking as an important tool with respect to the promotion of environmental conservation as well as the encouragement of sustainable development. It also means that the ‘green’ applies to behaviours that benefit the environment as well as provided for the society. To a significant extent, banking becomes environmentally sustainable, developing and supporting such environmentally friendly and biodegradable features when conducting its operations while aiming to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Green Banking given importance on technology in executing conventional banking services on an efficiency model that encourages environmentally conscious clients. As a typical bank it has environmentally sensitive measures that it takes and works to minimize emission of greenhouse gases thus fitting the environmental and economic sustainability standards. This two-pronged approach ensures that standard banking operations are carried out with regard to environmental and social issues. The objective of this study is therefore to identify the factors that compel the identified banks in India to go green in their operations and establish the impact of green banking on ecological responsibility with reference to the green practices adopted by the banks in the United Kingdom. This research paper analyses the research findings obtained from the data collected through different sources. For this research study, the survey technique is chosen. Primary information is collected through a questionnaire and secondary information is through documentation review. Statistical formulization is employed in the research for various adopting factors of sustainable banking and its effects on ecological sustainability. Presently, the notion of sustainable banking is developing, and the banks are cordially searching for ideas to represent themselves as sustainable banks.
Impact of Short Sleep Duration On Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescents and Young Adults
Background: The increasing prevalence of short sleep duration among adolescents and young adults has become a significant public health concern due to its association with various negative health outcomes, particularly cardiometabolic diseases. Sleep plays a vital role in regulating metabolic processes and cardiovascular health, and insufficient sleep has been linked to the development of conditions such as insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, and increased arterial stiffness [1][2]. The physiological mechanisms through which short sleep duration influences these outcomes remain a critical area of investigation [3]. Objectives: This review aims to examine the impact of short sleep duration on cardiometabolic health in adolescents and young adults, focusing on the physiological pathways involved, the role of lifestyle factors, and the potential benefits of interventions such as sleep hygiene education and vitamin D supplementation [4][5]. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2011 and 2024. Studies examining the relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic health in adolescents and young adults were selected. Key areas of focus included the effects of sleep deprivation on insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and vascular function [6][7]. The role of vitamin D in modulating sleep and cardiometabolic outcomes was also explored [8]. Results: The review identified consistent evidence linking short sleep duration with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, including increased insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and impaired vascular function [9][10]. Studies highlighted the vulnerability of adolescents and young adults to these effects, given their critical period of growth and development [11]. Vitamin D deficiency was found to exacerbate these conditions, with evidence suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may improve both sleep quality and cardiovascular health [1][12]. Lifestyle interventions, such as physical activity and dietary modifications, were shown to mitigate some of the negative effects of sleep deprivation [13][14]. Conclusion: Short sleep duration is a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents and young adults. This review underscores the need for public health initiatives aimed at improving sleep quality and duration in younger populations [2]. Interventions such as sleep hygiene education, increased physical activity, and vitamin D supplementation may offer promising strategies to prevent or reduce the impact of sleep deprivation on cardiometabolic health [5][12]. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the relationship between sleep and cardiometabolic diseases and to develop targeted interventions to address this growing health concern.
Aisha Alyassi, Fatima Ahmed Almarzooqi, Meera Alharmoodi, Mais Dahham Salama, Nouha Chouihna, Dina Mistarihi, Asma Mohamed Alqeshmi, Noura Nasir Alzaabi, Meera Al Shamsi, Noora Alomaira, Abdulrahman Maher Mohammad
To Study The Molecular Characterization Of X-Ray Cross-Complementing Group 1 (Xrcc1) Gene And 8-Oxoguanine Glycosylase-1 (Ogg1) Gene With Its Associated Risk Factors In Senile Cataract Patients: As A Marker For The Dna Repair Protein
Cataract is the opacity of the natural human lens, which may be resulted from congenital, developmental and acquired causes.[1]. Cataract is the leading causes of blindness worldwide, which accounts about more than half of 39 million blind people worldwide. WHO estimates1-2 million people go blind yearly. Every 5sec 1 person, every minute a child goes blind in the world [2]. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness all over the world, responsible for 47.8% of blindness and accounting for 17.7 million blind people [3]. In India, 80% of the blindness is due to cataract [4]. Various modifiable risk factors associated with cataract include UV exposure, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), drug usage, smoking and socioeconomic factors; but advancing age is the single most important risk factor for cataract [5-7]. India has a higher prevalence of cataracts than the West [3, 4]. People with severe hypertension are more prone to develop cataracts, and hypertension has been linked to cataract formation [5]. Risk factors for presenile cataract were smoking, atopic dermatitis, high myopia, diabetes mellitus, and industrial metal work exposure. Cataracts in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are also associated with age and duration of disease [7]. DNA repair enzymes perform a vital function in continuously monitoring chromosomes to rectify damaged nucleotide residues caused by exposure to carcinogens and cytotoxic chemicals [8]. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes reduced their ability to repair DNA damage, making the human body much more susceptible to cancer and age-related disorders [9, 10]. Base excision repair (BER) is one of the most important DNA repair processes. X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1(XRCC1) is DNA repair protein. In human this protein is encoded by XRCC1 gene. Wherever DNA repair is complexes with DNA ligase III XRCC1 also involved. The XRCC1 marks a good biomarker and the association between 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1(OGG1), AP endonuclease-1 (APE1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing-1 (XRCC1) genes polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration, pterygium and onset primaryopen-angle glaucoma have been studied [11,12]. Patients' cataracts are primarily caused by the X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), a DNA repair protein involved in single-strand breaks (SSBs) and the BER pathway. It has been reported that this protein effectively repairs DNA damage brought on by active oxygen, ionization, and alkylating agents [13]. To fix SSBs found at codons 194 (Arg-Trp), 280 (Arg-His), and 399 (Arg-Gln), three primary enzymes are needed: DNA ligase III, DNA polymerase β, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). The most prevalent XRCC1 gene polymorphism was discovered at codon Arg399Gln, which is caused by a nucleotide alteration from guanine to adenine in the PARP binding domain. This substitution may have an impact on the effectiveness of complex formation or repair . Exposure to ionising radiation and alkylating chemicals causes DNA single-strand breaks, which are rapidly repaired by XRCC1. The XRCC1 protein interacts with DNA ligase III, polymerase beta, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to engage in the base excision repair pathway. It plays a vital role in DNA processing during recombination in germ cells and meiogenesis. The XRCC1 protein works as a scaffolding protein in the process, interacting with different repair enzymes and acting accordingly. Repair enzymes (XRCC1) need scaffolding to carry out their enzymatic steps in DNA repair. XRCC1 plays an important part in single-strand break repair, base excision repair, and nucleotide excision repair.Oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) is a glycosylase enzyme; it is encoded by the OGG1gene in human. It is also involve in base excision repair mechanism. It is found in bacterial, and eukaryotic species.Due to the exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) a mutagenic byproduct occurs that is 8-oxoguanine, and for excision of 8-oxoG OGG1 is primary enzyme. OGG1 is a bifunctional glycosylase, OGG1 is able to cleave the glycosidic bond of the mutagenic lesion and also cause a strand break in the DNA backbone that’s why OGG1 work as a bifunctional glycosylase. Alternative splicing of the C-terminal region of OGG1 gene classifies the splice variants into two major groups, type 1 and type 2, process depending on the last exon of the sequence. Type 1 alternative splice variants end with exon 7 and type 2 end with exon . One set of spliced forms are designated from 1a, 1b, and 2a to 2e. N-terminus of OGG1 gene contains a mitochondrial targeting signal in eukaryotes, it is essential for mitochondrial localization. The XRCC1 gene and OGG1 gene shows to play a significant impact in patients' associations with cataract risk, which would aid research into the mechanism of DNA repair. The association of 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 (OGG1), and X-ray repair cross-complementing-1 (XRCC1) gene plays a critical role in the elevated susceptibility to Age-related cataracts, indicating that this mutation is one of the likely mechanisms that increases the risk of age-related cataracts.
Usamah Kazmi, Syed Ikramul Hasan, Abdulmajeed A A Sindi, Mohammed A. Shanawaz, Raziuddin Khan
Molecular Characterization Of Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing E.coli Isolates With Special Reference To Blatem And Blashv Gene From Patients Of Urinary Tract.
Introduction: ESBL allied infections are stairing up worldwide and has emerged to be a grave problem to public health. β-Lactams are among the most widely prescribed antibiotics in human medicine. However, because of their massive and usually inappropriate use, resistance to these drugs has increased markedly, especially due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. Aim and Objective: To study the molecular characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli isolates with special reference to blaTEM and blaSHV gene from patients of urinary tract. Material and Methods: This was a Cross sectional study carried out in the department of Microbiology for a period of 12 months i.e, October 2023 to October 2024. A total of 366 E. coli isolates of all the Uropathogenic E. coli strain isolated from urine samples collected from hospitalized and consultation patients were included in the study. The Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI guidelines 2024. The DNA extraction was done using the Qiagen DNA extraction kit and the gene blaTEM and blaSHV was detected using the PCR. Results: Out of the 900 isolates there were 366 (40.6%) which showed the isolates of E. coli. In which 82 (22.5%) were phenotypically identified as ESBL producers and 284 (77.6%) were Non-ESBL. Out of 366 patients who were included in this study 110 (30%) were Males and 256 (69.9%) were Females patients. The overall susceptibility of ESBL isolates to various antibiotics was as Ampicillin(17.20%), Ampicillin/Sulbactam (28.5%), Gentamycin (65.7%), Cefoxitin (51.0%), Amikacin (80%), Ciprofloxacin (48%), Meropenem (97.2%), Ceftazidime(0%), Ceftazidime/ clavunalate(100%), Piperacillin/tazobactam (85.7%), Ceftriaxone(0%), Nitrofurantoin(100%), Tigecycillin(97.2%) and fosfomycin(97.2%). In the current study out of the total 82 isolates the molecular method confirms that there were 40 (48.7%) observed positive for blaTEM gene and 11 (13.4%) observed positive for blaSHV gene. Conclusion: The significant spread of E. coli that produces ESBL has resulted in fewer treatment options and higher medical expenses. In order to support appropriate antibiotic therapy, as well as efficient infection control and clinical care management, it is imperative that trends for regional epidemiological data on antimicrobial resistance be updated.
Dr. Raees Ahmed, Dr. Sheetal Agarwal, Dr. Vanshika Sharma, Dr. Nashra Afaq, Dr. Mukesh Kumar, Dr. Deepika Shukla
Study Of Clinical Profile, 2d Echo Evaluation And Serum Nt Pro Bnp Levels In Patients Diagnosed With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Introduction: Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood leading to cardinal manifestations of dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) denotes the signs and symptoms of clinical heart failure in a patient with a normal LVEF(>50%) and LV diastolic dysfunction. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a natriuretic hormone initially identified in the brain but released primarily from the heart, particularly the ventricles. The release of NT Pro BNP is increased in heart failure (HF), as ventricular cells are recruited to secrete BNP in response to the high ventricular filling pressures. This study was conducted with aim of evaluating clinical profile, 2D echo cardiography and to assess the serum NT PRO BNP values among patients with HFpEF. Materials: An observational cross sectional study was conducted in tertiary care medical college situated in South India. The study period was between December 2023 and May 2024. A semi structured questionnaire for was used to collect clinical profile. Also, 2D echo cardiography was performed and serum NT pro BNP levels was measured. Data was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS Software version 26. Descriptive statistics was used to present the results. Results: A total of 50 study subjects were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 61.45±12.36 years. More than 3/5th of the participants were females. Nearly half (48%) of them were in grade 2 diastolic dysfunction. The proportion of NT pro BNP levels are significantly elevated in HFpEF. Conclusion: our study showed higher serum NT pro BNP level with majority of grade 2 diastolic dysfunction. Further exploration is needed in HFpEF with analytical research.
Dr. Nupur Bhosale, Dr. D. Anbarasu, Dr. Jayannan Jayasenan
A Cross-sectional Analysis of Spirituality and Mental Health among Elderly in Lucknow City
Background: Spirituality is the recognition of sense or belief or a feeling which grants an individual the meaning of life. It is a state of mind, heart, and soul that is unified and about personal, subjective experiences that are sometimes shared with others. The presence and practice of spirituality has had salient effects on individuals’ physical and mental health. Objective: This study was conducted with the objective to assess the spirituality of the elderly and its relation with mental health status of elderly people. Method: This research investigated 200 elderlies aged 60 years and above distributed equally over gender living in urban and rural areas. A self-structured socio-demographic profile sheet, Spiritual Experience Index- Revised (SEI-R) scale used to assess spirituality in elderly and Positive Mental Health (PMH) scale for the assessment of mental health was used. The analysis was done using mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA and correlation. Results: Results demonstrated that spirituality affected the mental health of elderly; it was found that the major proportion (39%) of the elderly were dogmatic which is characterized by a person's establishment of a faith and identification with its principles and teachings. Findings also suggests that spirituality and mental health varied significantly across older persons in different age ranges and had no effect on gender, highlighting the importance of considering age-related factors when examining the mental health and spirituality of the elderly population. The SEI-R total score exhibits a weak positive correlation with mental health scores (r=.217, p<.01), underscoring the tight connection between an individual's overall spirituality and their mental health status. Discussion: The study highlights the potential role of spirituality as a coping mechanism and source of strength for older adults, particularly in the face of challenges associated with aging. Higher spirituality correlated with better mental health scores. Spirituality and mental health varied significantly across different age groups of the elderly. No substantial gender differences were found in spirituality or mental health.
Purnima Rastogi , Dr. KhwairakpamSharmila
AI for Real-Time Personalization in Digital Marketing Campaigns
Real-time personalisation of digital marketing efforts presents a significant barrier that necessitates the utilisation of sophisticated AI methodologies to assess varied and evolving customer data. This research presents a platform that integrates Encoding Categorical Features, Deep Learning Feature Extraction, and Neural Networks to provide actionable, real-time personalisation. Encoding categorical characteristics, including demographics, preferences, and behavioural patterns with one-hot and target encoding guarantees data integrity and significant representation for machine learning models. Deep learning feature extraction improves the process by recognising high-level patterns in unstructured data, such as textual reviews and visual content, that older algorithms may neglect. The framework's foundation lies in neural networks that forecast personalised recommendations by identifying non-linear relationships and individual user preferences, hence guaranteeing precise and pertinent results. The proposed method, assessed using actual marketing datasets, shows substantial enhancements in customer engagement, click-through rates, and return on investment (ROI). This research emphasises the revolutionary capacity of AI in enhancing digital marketing campaigns via real-time, data-driven personalisation.
Dr. T. Ramesh, Dr. R. Melba Kani, Amit Prakash, Dr. Aravindan Srinivasan, Prema R, Dr. Shyam K. Mishra
AI-Based Signal Processing for Enhanced Image Reconstruction
Picture remaking is a basic part of sign handling, with applications traversing clinical imaging, remote detecting, and visual interchanges. This exploration investigates a clever structure joining man-made reasoning (simulated intelligence) and sign handling to accomplish improved picture remaking. The proposed strategy incorporates progressed preprocessing, highlight determination, and characterization procedures. Sound decrease is utilized during preprocessing to kill undesirable relics, guaranteeing clean information for downstream undertakings. PCA are used for mechanized highlight extraction, utilizing their capacity to catch complicated designs and various leveled structures in picture information. For order, Support Vector Machine (SVMs) are utilized, offering strong execution for recognizing complex examples and guaranteeing exact arrangement. Trial results exhibit that the coordinated system altogether upgrades reproduction quality, with measurements, for example, Pinnacle Signal-to-Commotion Proportion (PSNR) and Underlying Likeness File Measure (SSIM) showing significant improvement. This study features the capability of man-made intelligence driven signal handling for propelling picture recreation methods across different spaces.
Komal Baburao Umare, Aman Bajpai, Dr. B. Jothi, P. Arulpandy, Dr. K. Michael Angelo, Pankaj Chandra
AI-Based Tools for Analyzing Social Behavior in Online Communities
The quick multiplication of online networks has made tremendous measures of social collaboration information, offering remarkable chances to examine social way of behaving. This paper investigates the improvement of artificial intelligence-based devices for really breaking down friendly conduct in web-based networks by utilizing progressed strategies. The preprocessing stage utilizes tokenization to fragment printed information into significant units, working with an organized examination of communications. For include determination, Rope Relapse is used to distinguish the most applicable highlights while limiting commotion and overt repetitiveness, guaranteeing a productive and interpretable model. Graph Nural Networks (GNNs) are taken on for arrangement because of their capacity to catch complex social designs innate in informal organizations. By incorporating these procedures, the proposed system empowers the ID of standards of conduct, feeling patterns, and persuasive local area elements with high accuracy. Experimental outcomes on genuine world datasets exhibit the system's versatility and viability in uncovering noteworthy bits of knowledge, giving a powerful establishment to understanding and cultivating better web-based communications.
Dr. Anganabha Baruah, Dr. Amanpreet Kaur, Dr. P. Rajasimman, Dr. K. Michael Angelo, Dr. Praveena D. S., Chanakya C.N.
Bias Detection in Recruitment Algorithms Using AI Frameworks
Recruitment algorithms are increasingly used to streamline hiring processes, but they can inadvertently perpetuate or amplify biases. This research introduces an advanced AI-driven framework for bias detection in recruitment algorithms, utilizing Explainable AI (XAI) to ensure interpretability. A pivotal feature analyzed is candidate demographic data, which may implicitly influence algorithmic decisions. Preprocessing involves synthetic data balancing through SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) to mitigate class imbalances and ensure fairness. Classification is conducted using a Random Forest classifier, chosen for its robustness and capability to highlight feature importance. The proposed framework effectively identifies and quantifies biases, paving the way for more equitable recruitment processes.
Dr. Snehal D. Godbole, EQBAL AHMAD, Gavali Reshma, Amruta Mahalle, Sanika Rajan Shete, Darshit Sandeep Raut
Deep Learning for Predictive Analysis of Earthquake-Resistant Buildings
Both the frequency and intensity of earthquakes are on the rise, which highlights the crucial need for predictive models to improve the resilience of buildings. Through the utilisation of a methodical approach that incorporates dimensionality reduction, recursive feature elimination (RFE), and feedforward neural networks (FFNNs), this research investigates the potential for deep learning to be utilised in the prediction of the seismic resilience of buildings. In order to preprocess the high-dimensional structural and material datasets, dimensionality reduction is utilised. This helps to streamline the feature space while preserving essential information. After that, RFE is utilised for the purpose of feature selection, with the objective of giving priority to the most relevant variables that have an impact on earthquake resistance. These variables include material qualities, structural design parameters, and geographic classifications of seismic zones. FFNNs, which exhibit robust prediction skills and adaptability to complicated, non-linear relationships that are inherent in the data, are utilised in the process of performing the final classification. According to the findings, the categorisation accuracy is quite high.
Komal Baburao Umare, S. B. Javheri, Ebin Sam S., Prashant K. Bhuva, Dr. G. Prabhakaran, Venkatesan S.
Energy Harvesting Mechanisms in Self-Powered Mechanical Systems
Energy harvesting in self-powered mechanical systems has emerged as a critical field, enabling sustainable energy solutions in a wide range of applications. This research explores advanced techniques for optimizing energy harvesting mechanisms using a deep learning-based approach. Specifically, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed for feature extraction, enabling precise identification of energy-rich mechanical motion patterns. Data preprocessing includes signal normalization to eliminate noise and ensure uniformity in input signals. For classification, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is used to categorize harvested energy signals into specific utilization domains, such as kinetic, vibrational, or thermal energy. The proposed methodology demonstrates improved energy capture efficiency and classification accuracy, providing a robust framework for enhancing self-powered mechanical systems. This work lays the foundation for integrating intelligent algorithms in energy harvesting research, ensuring smarter, more adaptive, and efficient systems.
Gajendiran. M, Dr. Vijaykumar S. Biradar, Mr.K.Prakash, Dr. D. H. Pethkar, Suresh Chinnasamy, Noushad Yashan,
Explainable AI Models for Enhanced Decision-Making in Cybersecurity
Enhancing decision-making with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models is essential to effective cybersecurity threat identification and mitigation as the complexity of cybersecurity threats continues to increase. The purpose of this research is to investigate how explainable artificial intelligence technologies might enhance decision-making in the field of cybersecurity. The chi-square test, which is used for feature selection, decision trees, which are used for classification, and data cleaning and normalization, which are used for preprocessing, the framework that we offer encompasses all three of these important methods. The process of cleaning and normalizing data ensures that raw cybersecurity data is put into a format that is consistent by resolving issues such as scale variances and missing values. Chi-Square is a statistical test that highlights the most statistically significant characteristics of a model, thereby reducing the complexity of the model and improving its interpretability. In conclusion, decision trees are utilized as the categorization model due to the fact that they are transparent by their very nature and offer choice paths that are easy for individuals to comprehend. This technique not only accomplishes high-performance detection, but it also helps cybersecurity experts comprehend model forecasts, contributes to the development of trust, and enables practical decision-making in situations where threats are occurring in real time.
Shambhu Sharan Srivastava, Rajalakshmi C N, Komal Baburao Umare, S. B G Tilak Babu, Uruj Jaleel, G. Muthupansi
Natural Language Processing in Low-Resource Language Contexts
Natural Language Processing (NLP) in low- resource language surrounds present unique challenges due to limited data vacuity and verbal diversity. This research explores innovative methodologies to address these challenges, using data addition for robust preprocessing, Bag- of- Words for effective point selection, and advanced bracket ways like intermittent Neural Networks (RNNs). Data addition ways, including reverse relief and back- restatement, are employed to expand the dataset, perfecting the representation of under- resourced languages. The arc approach captures essential verbal patterns, serving as a foundational point selection system for successional data processing. RNNs is employed to classify textbook by using their capacity to model long- term dependences in language, icing effective literacy of syntactic and semantic nuances. This integrated approach demonstrates bettered delicacy and rigidity, offering a scalable frame for advancing NLP operations in low- resource language surrounds while fostering inclusivity in global computational linguistics.
Dr. R. Sivasubramanian, T.S. Umamaheswari, S. B G Tilak Babu, Ravikumar Inakoti, Dr.Jacinth Salome, Dr Manu Y M
Predicting Brand Loyalty Using Sentiment-Based Social Media Analytics
Brand faithfulness is a basic determinant of hierarchical achievement, impacting long haul client commitment and upper hand. With the multiplication of web-based entertainment stages, breaking down client opinion has turned into a compelling apparatus for figuring out buyer conduct. This exploration paper proposes an exhaustive system for anticipating brand reliability utilizing feeling based online entertainment examination. The system includes three key stages: preprocessing, highlight choice, and characterization. Tokenization is utilized in preprocessing to fragment unstructured online entertainment text into significant units, guaranteeing powerful contribution for downstream errands. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied for highlight choice, lessening dimensionality and holding basic opinion related data. At last, a pre-prepared BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Portrayals from Transformers) model is calibrated for grouping, utilizing its capacity to catch setting and semantic subtleties in text. Trial results exhibit the structure's adequacy in precisely sorting clients in view of steadfastness levels, offering noteworthy bits of knowledge for brand chiefs. This research highlights the capability of cutting edge computer based intelligence methods in upgrading showcasing procedures.
Suresh Babu P., Dr. Sayali Pataskar, Dr. Aanchal Puri, Dr. R. Anitha, Mrs. Vanita P. Mara, Ruchika Kulshrestha
Predictive Models for Stock Market Volatility Using Deep Learning
This research investigates the prediction of stock market volatility using deep learning methods, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). In order to overcome the problem of sparse historical data and increase the training dataset, GANs were used to create synthetic financial data. For increased accuracy, the model makes use of sophisticated data augmentation approaches by combining GANs with Python-based modules. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which optimizes feature selection and lowers computing complexity, further improves the method by reducing dimensionality. With notable decreases in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), the suggested model outperforms more conventional techniques like GARCH. The model is especially useful for risk management and financial decision-making since it also exhibits greater stability during times of high volatility. The findings demonstrate how GANs and Python-based frameworks may be used to provide reliable and effective stock market volatility prediction solutions.
Dr. L. Sujatha, Pratik Kodmalwar, Dr. Kamarajugadda Tulasi Vigneswara Rao, S. B G Tilak Babu, Shaista Khan
Quantum Cryptography Methods for Securing Communication Networks
The rising demand for secure communication networks requires the implementation of new techniques like quantum cryptography to mitigate flaws in traditional encryption methods. This research investigates a thorough framework for safeguarding communication networks through Quantum Noise Filtering, Hybrid Classical-Quantum Techniques, and Quantum Machine Learning Models. Quantum noise filtering reduces errors and improves data integrity in quantum key distribution, facilitating dependable communication in noisy settings. Hybrid classical-quantum methodologies connect classical preprocessing with quantum computing, refining feature selection and improving encryption techniques. Quantum machine learning models, including Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) and Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVMs), are utilised for the classification of encrypted communication states and the identification of potential threats. The suggested method is assessed in several network settings, showing substantial enhancements in accuracy, scalability, and resistance to quantum noise. This framework utilises the advantages of quantum and classical paradigms to offer a scalable solution for safeguarding communication networks, facilitating the development of next-generation cryptographic algorithms for practical applications.
Dr. R.Kiruthigha, Dr. R. Raman, Hari Shankar Punna, V. Subedha, Professor, Fazil A. Sheikh
Impact of Digital Engagement Frequency on Insurance Customer Satisfaction and Policy Renewal: A Logistic Regression and CART Approach
Introduction: The insurance sector is experiencing a major shift as a result of customers' changing expectations and the fast adoption of digital technology. Understanding the elements that impact client happiness and retention is crucial for insurers looking to stay profitable and promote long-term growth, especially with the sector's intense competition. Objectives: This study examines how digital engagement frequency affects customer satisfaction and policy renewal in the insurance industry Methods: Using logistic regression and Classification and Regression Trees (CART), we analyze the relationship between digital platform use, overall product satisfaction, and renewal behavior. Results: Results show that frequent digital engagement significantly boosts renewal likelihood, especially for customers with less than three years of policyholder experience. Product satisfaction also plays a crucial role, with higher satisfaction leading to greater renewal rates. Conclusions: These findings offer practical insights for insurers aiming to enhance retention through digital engagement and satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of long-term customer relationships in driving renewal decisions.
Lassad Ben Dhiab, Bilal Louail, Mohamed Anis Allouche, Ahmed Abdennouz
Analysis On The Role Of Strategic Human Resource Management In Enhancing Supply Chain Integration
The importance of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) in supporting Supply Chain Integration (SCI) in businesses is examined in this study. Human resource strategies must be in line with supply chain objectives in the current competitive environment in order to improve overall performance and operational efficiency. In order to determine the primary SHRM practices that have a positive impact on SCI, this study uses a qualitative methodology, examining the body of current literature and conducting case studies across multiple industries. According to the findings, a collaborative culture, thorough training programs, and efficient hiring practices all play a major role in smooth supply chain operations. Additionally, it shows that supply chain partners' communication and trust are enhanced by SHRM practices that support employee empowerment and engagement. Organisations can efficiently manage supply chain complexity by leveraging their human capital by concentrating on the integration of human resource activities with supply chain strategies. By offering a framework that businesses can use to match their HR strategies with supply chain goals, this study advances the theoretical understanding of the interaction between SHRM and SCI. The findings highlight that attaining a lasting competitive advantage in supply chain performance requires a comprehensive approach to human resource management.
Multisystem Complication in Pregnancy: A Case Report of PPCM, SN and RHD
Pregnancy can trigger cardiovascular and renal complications, such as peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), nephrotic syndrome (NS), and rheumatic heart disease (RHD), which increase the risk for the mother and fetus. PPCM occurs due to heart failure in late pregnancy or postpartum, while NS is characterized by proteinuria and edema. RHD can worsen this condition, especially in the presence of mitral stenosis. Objective: This case report aims to describe clinical presentation and management of complications in pregnancy. Case report: A 37-year-old woman, G2P1, 33 weeks gestation came with complaints of abdominal tightness and shortness of breath. Complaints were accompanied by fever, weakness, and swelling in the lower legs. Examination found high blood pressure and proteinuria. While heart enlargement and mitral stenosis were found from echocardiography. Obstetric examination showed a baby with a heart rate of 117 bpm and the fetal head had not entered the upper pelvic inlet. Conclusion: Management of pregnancy with complications such as peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), nephrotic syndrome (NS), and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) requires a strict multidisciplinary approach. Monitoring of cardiovascular and renal function is essential to prevent further complications.
Rijanto Agoeng Basoeki, M. Afif Amrullah Akbar
Evaluation of Acute Oral Toxicity of Combined Aqueous Extracts of Nigella sativa Seeds and Hylocereus polyrhizus Fruit
The safety profile of a combined aqueous extract of Nigella sativa (black cumin seed) and Hylocereus polyrhizus (dragon fruit) was evaluated through an acute oral toxicity study in female rats. A single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight was administered according to OECD guidelines, with observations conducted over a 14-day period. The study revealed no signs of mortality, adverse behavioral effects, or significant changes in body weight. Histopathological analyses of vital organs, including the liver, kidneys, and heart, showed no detectable abnormalities or cellular damage in the treated group compared to the control. These findings corroborate existing evidence regarding the safety of the individual components, which have been previously demonstrated to exhibit negligible toxicity at high doses. Behavioral assessments indicated normal skin, fur, eyes, mucosal membranes, and activity levels, with no symptoms such as tremors, lethargy, diarrhea, or coma observed. The absence of statistically significant body weight differences further suggested that the herbal combination does not interfere with metabolic or nutritional processes. Additionally, histopathological evaluations confirmed the absence of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or cardiotoxicity, consistent with prior studies highlighting the antioxidant and protective properties of Nigella sativa and Hylocereus polyrhizus. The results of this study provide compelling evidence for the non-toxic nature of this herbal mixture, supporting its potential use as a safe therapeutic agent.
Sweta Patel , Falguni Tandel ,Guno Chakraborthy
Comparative evaluation of In-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of different extracts of bark and leaves of Morus alba
This study aims to identify phytochemicals, assess the antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of plant such as Morus alba by utilising a bark and leaves. A recognised testing approach was used to determine the qualitative analysis of several phytochemical components. An 50% ethanolic extract of Morus alba bark-leaf mixture was subjected to an in vitro antioxidant activity study using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay, and reducing power determination. Phenols and flavonoids were found by phytochemical investigations. The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate extract and 50% ethanolic extract of different parts like bark and leaves of Morus alba were tested for activity against Streptococcus mutans, Salmonella bongori and Escherichia coli pathogens by using agar well diffusion assays. The blend of morus alba bark-leaves had an IC50 value of 63.061µg/ml, for the DPPH method, which was comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50=57.594 µg/ml). The extract exhibited dose-dependent free radical scavenging capacity in the models that were studied. In the models that were examined, the extract showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging ability. In the reducing power determination, the IC50 value was found to be 88.487 µg/ml, which was comparable to ascorbic acid's IC50 value of 77.762 µg/ml. The maximum antimicrobial activity was shown by 50% Ethanolic extract fraction of bark and leaves. The zone of inhibition of bark extract 19±0.15, mm, 21±0.72 mm, 22±0.51 mm was observed against S. mutans, S. bongori, Escherichia coli respectively. In case of leaves extract, zone of inhibition of 11±0.24 mm, 24±0.36 mm, 18±0.18 mm was observed against S. mutans, S. bongori, Escherichia coli respectively. This research describes the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of morus alba, which will be used for therapeutic applications.
Ritu Rani Yadav, Pankaj Masih, Amit Mishra, Dharmendra Singh Rajput
Study of Common Dental Diseases in Patients of Dental OPD in Hospital
Dental diseases are a major public health concern, affecting millions globally, with rural areas often bearing a disproportionate burden. This study aims to assess the prevalence and distribution of common dental diseases among patients visiting the dental outpatient department (OPD) of a private hospital on the outskirts of Lucknow, India. Over a period of three months, 350 patients were examined for dental conditions such as dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, and others. The patients’ demographic data, including age and gender, were recorded, along with their willingness to undergo treatment. The results revealed that dental caries and gingivitis were the most prevalent conditions, accounting for over 60% of cases. Younger adults (ages 30-44) had the highest incidence of dental issues, and both genders were affected equally. A significant gap was observed between the number of procedures suggested and those actually performed, indicating possible barriers such as cost and lack of awareness. The study concludes that more focused public health interventions, preventive care programs, and accessible treatment options are necessary to reduce the burden of dental diseases in rural areas.
Retardation of hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance by ethanol extract of Garcinia cambogia in high fructose fed rats
The study investigated the effects of Garcinia cambogia extract (GE) on hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in high fructose fed rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (N=10). Two groups received standard rodent diet, two groups received 60% fructose diet and 400 mg/kg body weight of GE was given to each of the two diet groups for an experimental duration of ten weeks. GE administration decreased relative organ mass (liver, adipose tissue, epididymis), lipid ratios (TC/HDL-C, TAG/HDL-C, AIP, Non HDL-C/HDL-C), CRP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and increased adiponectin levels in fructose fed rats. Treatment with GE reduced liver TAG content, hepatic expression of SREBP-1c (86%), ACC (79%), FAS (81%), COX-2 (86%), oxidative stress and PKC-θ phosphorylation (67%) in skeletal muscle of fructose fed rats. GE supplementation decreased fructose induced hepatic fat accumulation and improved insulin sensitivity.
. Dr. R. Sripradha, Dr. M G Sridhar, Dr. Maithili Karpaga Selvi. N,
Impact of Clinical Simulation on the Comprehensive Development of Competencies in Medical Students
Introduction: Medical education seeks more than theoretical instruction; it pursues to develop practical and cognitive competencies through clinical simulation strategies, a tool that replicates complex and safe environments, fostering technical and soft skills; however, its global and Latin American adoption faces resource and training limitations. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the implementation of clinical simulation strategies and the development of professional competencies, based on the perception of medical students in an Ecuadorian university. Methods: A positivist paradigm study was conducted, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental, descriptive-inferential, cross-sectional design, involving 93 eighth and ninth semester students, through the application of surveys with Likert-type scales to measure the perception of simulation (V1) and the development of competencies (V2). The data were processed in Excel and SPSS 25, using Spearman's correlation test to evaluate the relationship between the two study variables. Results: 60% of the students considered the simulation as an effective strategy for learning; however, 34% showed average evaluations. Debriefing was positively evaluated by 66% of the participants, highlighting its relevance in the consolidation of learning. Spearman's correlation showed a moderate-high positive relationship (Rho=0.641, p<0.01) between simulation and competency development, suggesting that its improvement impacts favorably on student skills. Conclusions: The findings confirm the effectiveness of clinical simulation in improving medical competencies, such as decision-making and teamwork, which coincides with previous work. However, there is evidence of problems to be solved, such as improvements in infrastructure and teacher training to maximize its impact on medical education.
Briones-Morales, Victor Euclides ,Jurado-Fernández, Cristian Augusto ,Rosero-Mendoza, Julio Ildefonso
Legal and Ethical Concerns in the Use of WhatsApp for Medical Treatment
Introduction: WhatsApp has become a vital tool in healthcare, facilitating real-time communication between providers and clients due to its multimedia capabilities, user-friendly interface, and accessibility. Widely adopted in private practices, especially in high-income countries, WhatsApp often surpasses traditional communication methods like telephone and email. Its benefits include efficient communication, timely support, and strengthened clinician-client relationships. However, the platform’s use in healthcare raises significant legal and ethical concerns, including issues of confidentiality, informed consent, and data security. The informal nature of messaging apps can blur professional boundaries, posing risks to the therapeutic relationship. Research highlights WhatsApp's strategic importance in healthcare management and its potential as a behavioral health tool, but also emphasizes the need for providers to adhere to ethical and legal standards. As new technologies often outpace regulations, proactive steps are required to educate patients about risks and ensure the responsible use of digital communication in clinical practice. Legal and Ethical Issues: The use of WhatsApp in healthcare introduces significant legal and ethical challenges, primarily revolving around confidentiality, data security, informed consent, and maintaining professional boundaries. Legal Considerations: Healthcare providers are bound by strict confidentiality and data protection laws. Breaches can lead to professional misconduct charges, civil claims, and even loss of practice rights. Providers must ensure patient data is protected, conversations are documented accurately, and messages are not preserved unnecessarily. Errors, such as sending information to the wrong recipient, can have catastrophic legal consequences. Ignorance of these responsibilities is not a valid defense in law. Ethical Considerations: Ethical challenges include obtaining informed consent for using a non-traditional communication platform and ensuring patients are aware of potential risks like hacking or privacy breaches. The informal nature of WhatsApp complicates maintaining professional boundaries and confidentiality, raising concerns about when communication shifts from professional to casual. Clear boundaries and policies are critical to prevent misuse and maintain therapeutic integrity. Patient Confidentiality and Data Protection: Confidentiality breaches, such as sharing non-anonymized patient data, pose significant risks. WhatsApp's security vulnerabilities during transmission, storage, and access amplify concerns. Healthcare providers must prioritize transparency and secure Conclusion: Author conclude that integration of WhatsApp in healthcare communication presents both opportunities and significant challenges. Legal and ethical issues, particularly concerning confidentiality, data protection, and informed consent, require healthcare providers to exercise extreme caution. Proper documentation, vigilant data protection measures, and proactive error prevention are essential to mitigate risks and ensure compliance with regulations. Ethically, the use of WhatsApp demands clear agreements and robust boundaries to preserve professional integrity and the therapeutic relationship. Providers must avoid dual relationships and maintain professionalism to ensure patient trust and effective care. Ultimately, while WhatsApp enhances communication convenience, it necessitates rigorous adherence to legal and ethical standards, supported by well-defined policies and practices, to protect patient confidentiality and uphold the credibility of healthcare providers.
Assessment of NEP 2020 Implementation on ECCE Quality and Access in Indian States: A Multi-State Comparative Analysis
Background: The NEP 2020 signaled a fundamental transformation in India’s ECCE landscape, aiming for universal access and enhanced quality for children aged 3–6 years. Prior to NEP 2020, ECCE was marked by limited reach, quality heterogeneity, and systemic inequities, with enrollment at 72.8% in 2018–2019 and notable disparities by region and demographic groups. Methods: This research adopts a multistate comparative design, leveraging longitudinal data across 15 Indian states between 2018 and 2024. Primary sources included ASER survey data (649,491 children), UDISE+ records (248 million students), and state-level monitoring reports. Statistical analyses comprised descriptive statistics for enrollment and quality scores, ANOVA to evaluate state-level differences, multiple regression to identify implementation predictors, and chi-square tests to probe equity in enrollment patterns. Results: After NEP 2020 implementation, ECCE enrollment rates increased dramatically from 72.8% to 87.1% by 2024, affirming improved coverage. Quality scores rose from 57.7 to 70.9 points. ANOVA indicated significant between-state variabilities (F=12.47, p<0.001), while regression analyses revealed that higher NEP fidelity (β=0.34, p<0.001), greater per capita expenditure (β=0.28, p<0.01), and higher teacher qualifications (β=0.23, p<0.05) drove outcomes. Chi-square tests showed statistically significant improvements in enrollment across demographic groups (χ²=89.34, p<0.001). Nevertheless, rural–urban gaps (15.2 percentage points) and socioeconomic inequalities persist. Discussion: Findings strongly suggest that NEP 2020 has catalyzed substantial progress in both access and quality of ECCE, yet enduring challenges such as rural–urban divides and socioeconomic barriers warrant targeted interventions. States like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka exemplified best practices through effective Anganwadi-school integration, whereas lagging states need focused policy support. The evidence calls for customized strategies to optimize NEP implementation, especially to close remaining equity gaps and fulfill the goal of universal ECCE access by 2030.
Chiranjibi Behera, & Prof. (Dr.) Amulya Kumar Acharya
Human Resource Management Practices Of Private And Public Hospitals Of Srinagar District In Jammu And Kashmir
This study explores human resource management (HRM) practices in private and public hospitals in Srinagar district, Jammu and Kashmir, with an emphasis on key areas such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, compensation, and employee relations. The study includes both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, such as interviews with HR managers, surveys of healthcare personnel, and an examination of HR policy. The findings show considerable contrasts between the two sectors: commercial hospitals often have more dynamic and flexible HRM policies, driven by competitive pressures, with fast recruitment processes, extensive training programs, and stringent performance management systems. These strategies improve employee happiness and patient care. In contrast, public hospitals confront problems such as bureaucratic procedures and budget limits, resulting in more uniform and less adaptable HRM methods. Recruitment in public hospitals is frequently delayed due to regulatory restrictions, training opportunities are scarce, and performance management systems are more rigid. Despite these limitations, public hospitals continue to strive for greater employee satisfaction and patient care. The study emphasizes the importance of tailored HRM practices in improving overall hospital performance, arguing that public hospitals could benefit from more flexible strategies, whereas private hospitals should continue to invest in comprehensive HRM practices to maintain their competitive advantage. The research gives useful insights into the HRM environment of healthcare facilities in Srinagar and acts as a framework for future studies that aim to optimizing HRM practices in both sectors.
Amnesic Aphasia in Patients of Cerebrovascular Accident- A Hospital Based Study from Kashmir Valley.
Amnesic aphasia is a disorder in which a person feels difficulty in retrieving words or naming objects/things, or expressing oneself. The inability varies from patient to patient or may even vary within the same patient. Cerebrovascular accidents or stroke is a major cause of aphasia and the amnesic aphasia also called anomia is a form of aphasia found in these patients. We, in this study aimed to find the presence of anomia in aphasia due to stroke in patients who are natives of Kashmir (Kashmiri speakers) and also see the severity of anomia in the same. We used Philadelphia Naming Test and Action Naming Test for the study. The results showed the varied degree of anomia in stroke patients and the severity varied from patient to patient. The noun retrieval was more severely affected as compared to the verb retrieval. The severity decreased with the increase in time since stroke. Our study can help neurologists to better understand the aphasia as a result of stroke and help in planning better treatment strategies for effective management of the problem.
Ambreen Farooq, Insha Hamid, Maria Bashir, Arati Madhukar Chandanshive, Vishal Soni, Palak Shilpi, Sheikh Imran Sayeed, Tazeen Khan, Mohd Syed Lone, Riyaz A. Lone
Enhancing Network Security through Viper Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning Assisted Network Security System in Biomedical records
The protection of biomedical records in healthcare from cyber attacks is an important necessity for modern-day settings. Enhancing intrusion detection and classification for such critical systems, there exists a novel approach proposed for Viper Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning-Assisted Security System (VOADL-NSS). The novel approach applies the VOA feature selection technique after normalization of input data for choosing the most relevant attributes. For effective classification, an advanced Focus Enhanced Dual-directional Long Short Term Memory (FD-LSTM)model is used and further optimized through the Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO)algorithm. Evaluation results of the VOADL-NSS system on benchmark dataset CICIDS 2017 showed better results regarding accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score compared to previous models. Results show that the system provides appropriate protection of sensitive data like biomedical records in healthcare through state-of-art intrusion detection and classification features.
B.Shuriyaa, V.Santhamani , V.Balaji Shanmugam , S.Subashini
1919-The Epoch of Rebirth of Art and Design Education and Recent Trends
Art and Design schools are educational institutes with main focus on creativity and analytical thinking through exploration of various visual arts and designs. Many art schools established to meet the craft, design and drawing need during the industrial revolution. Exception to that; in 1919, Kala –Bhavan at Visva-Bharati University, Kala Bhavan, Shantiniketan in India was established by Rabindranath Tagore to promote culture specific modernism. It became the centre of the revival of Indian art at the time when Nandlal Bose became the principal. Meanwhile at the same time in 1919 Bauhaus was founded in Germany by German architect Walter Gropius to reimagine the material world. It was an effort of interpreting the bond between society and art or technology. Both institutes focused on amalgamation of arts and crafts. The approach of Bauhaus was very practical towards teaching methodology and giving tasks while approach of Kala Bhavan, Shantiniketan was inspired by ancient Indian teaching pedagogy. The two institutes had different vision but created great impact on the art world. This paper is focused on the comparative analysis of both the institutions and their respective pedagogies. Their approach changed the paradigms of art and design education. Since this paper is from academicians’ point of view, it will analyze the impact of both the institutes on recent trends in art and design education. It will examine the qualitative data. It is focused on the impact of revivalism and modernism. The observations stated will throw a light on the contribution and the influence of both the institutes which were running parallel in education and design industry.
Online education represents a learning approach that is digital and it utilizes internet technologies to provide educational content so students can access learning materials, communicate with instructors and engage in other forms of education from remote locations. In this context, online design education appears as a niche domain wherein students are subjected to a very long chain of tutorials that is eventually boring and which impacts students’ motivation and also the eventual outcome of learning. The paper offers a case for the adaption of gamification principles in online design education as a means of improvement for better learning and engagement. The study ensured a mixed-method approach in the consideration of benefits concerning the inclusion of aspects of gamification within the curriculum as against a more traditional model applied towards tutorials. As this paper is only focused on online Design education; the survey has been taken of both students and designers. The research found that hands-on, challenge-based learning was more appealing than passive methods. The survey suggested that gamification's inhibitive features were appreciated whereas collaboration and skill-building features intensely enhanced engagement. Portfolio-building activities and systems built around skills seem to be the biggest asset; thus, meaningful learning experiences beyond just gaming mechanics are required. Meaningful learning experiences beyond just gaming mechanics seem required; so, what made learning interesting and worthwhile were, in fact, the essential features of peer reviews, mentorship, and flexible learning paths, according to the survey.
Diya Malkani,Dr. Mukta Avachat ,Dipankar Goswami
Foreign direct investment and institutional quality, trade openness in developing economics. Empirical evidence: seven emerging countries
This paper addresses ties between foreign direct investment, accessibility to institutional quality, transportation investments and the growth of gross domestic product. In developing nations, the research was carried out. The analysis also evaluated the seven emerging economies to decide which of the consistency metrics established for the duration 1990-2018 is impacted. The data was evaluated using the concept of regression. The findings indicate that the factors had long-term explanatory relationships. The results often suggest substantial variations in long-term causal connections in developing nations, with several possible explanations that suit the findings. Therefore, this study will help policymakers in developed countries to be concerned with international foreign investment and trade transparency to enable economic stability.
Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Evalution Of 2-Aminoacetophenone Derived Benzothiazole Conjugated Chalcones Aspotential Antitubercular And Cytotoxic Agents
Because of its diverse spectrum of activities, research on molecules linked to benzothiazoles has significantly grown in recent years. Chalcones are 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one's structural derivatives. They have enormous compass of antimicrobial, anti-instigative, anti-neoplastic, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, and antioxidant properties, among many more derivatives that are being screened for. The compounds that are produced when these benzothiazoles are joined with chalcones have enhanced activity. A number of benzothiazole-linked chalcones have been created, as discussed here. These novel hybrid pharmacophore moieties contain anti-tubercular and anti-cancer compounds, according to well-known literature. In order to find the "in silico hit" against verified anticancer and antitubercular drug targets for additional exploitation utilizing molecular docking simulations, we conducted synthesis, spectrum analysis, and biological evaluation. FT-IR, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and deconvoluted M+1 spectra were used to characterize the structures of the produced compounds. Using methotrexate and pyrazinamide as reference medications, the newly synthesized compounds were examined for cytotoxic and anti-tubercular properties in the second section of the study. The next part is the study regarding preliminary investigation of the possible molecular target or targets for the benzothiazole-linked chalcones (CH-1-CH-14) using the ligand-protein inverse docking11 (LPID) simulation technique.The in vitro results and the laboratory results found from the docking simulation studies related to anticancer and antitubercular activities are less consistent. The poor correlation between in vitro and laboratory studies may be caused by the influence offuture implications of this research work would include the necessity to assess the hits utilizing ligand binding assay tests, followed by animal studies, employing biopharmaceutical descriptors like as logP, logD, and logS.
Koduru Aparna Surya Mani, Dr.Atla Srinivasarao, Dr.Y. Rajendea Prasad, Dr.S.Arun Satyadev, Dr.Lagu Surendra Babu
"Examining the Impact of Training and Motivation on Employees in Higher Education Institutions"
This study examines the impact of training and motivation on employees at Noble University, focusing on how these factors contribute to enhancing employee performance within higher education institutions. In today’s competitive academic environment, it is essential to invest in the development and well-being of faculty and administrative staff to foster a productive and positive work culture. The research aims to understand how structured training programs and motivational strategies affect employee engagement, efficiency, and overall job satisfaction. Data for the study was collected through surveys conducted with various staff members at Noble University. The analysis was performed using Excel charts to present key findings on the relationship between training, motivation, and employee performance. The study highlights that consistent training programs, along with effective motivational practices, significantly enhance employee skills, job satisfaction, and performance outcomes. The findings suggest that employees at Noble University benefit greatly from professional development opportunities and a motivating work environment. This research provides valuable insights for university administrators to refine their strategies for employee growth, satisfaction, and retention, ultimately contributing to the institution’s success and academic excellence.
Parth Kotecha, Dr. Jay Talati, Dr. Riddhi Sanghvi
Identifying the relationship between the gold price, crude oil price and stock market index with reference to India
Purpose This study aims to investigate the trend of historical prices of Crude oil, gold and Nifty points. Further, this study aims to identify the relationship amongst the three variables and attempts to establish the estimating model using Nifty points and crude oil prices as independent variables creating significant impact on prices of Gold. Design/methodology/approach This research explores the relationship amongst gold prices and Nifty and crude oil prices in India, focusing on their dynamic interaction over time. Using historical data for the period of 11 years ranging from 2013 to 2023, and statistical methods such as correlation analysis, this study examines how the changes in gold prices correlate with the fluctuations in major stock indices like the NIFTY 50. The study uses the ADF test for the presence of unit root, Johansen cointegration test for estimating the cointegration among the variables. The study employed the correlation tests to identify pair wise relationship among the variables. The study also conducted tests for multiple regression and tried to predict the impact of Nifty index points and crude oil on the prices of gold. Findings The results revealed that the trend of the data collected for all the variables was stationary. There does not exist any co-integration in all the three variables in long run. While pair wise correlation coefficients indicate significant positive relationship between gold prices and Nifty and weak correlation among gold price and crude oil. Research limitations/implications The scope of this study is limited focusing on the two major macro-economic variables like Crude oil and capital market represented by Nifty. The researchers can explore the scope by covering other variables like GDP, exchange rates, etc. Originality/value This study is entirely original and provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between crude oil prices and the Indian stock market, with gold prices and a specific focus is done on examining the causal links between these variables.
Comparative Assessment of River Water Quality Using Multiple Biological Indicators: A Case Study of the Tigris River
Most of the rivers of Iraq suffer from the water contaminant problem. This problem is considered so difficult to get the water quality within the standard allowable limits for drinking, as well as for industrial and agricultural purposes. The Tigris is a primary source of water for millions of people in Iraq, directly affecting human health and living conditions. Water contamination can lead to waterborne diseases and other health issues. Moreover, rapid industrialization, population growth, climate change, and increased exploitation of surface waters, environmental pollutants are degrading the water quality of Tigris River at a dangerous pace. Though, there have been various methods and techniques for assessing the water quality, application of biological indicators for water quality assessment are more cost-effective than extensive chemical testing and sensitive to a wide range of pollutants. Therefore, this study aims to comparatively assess the water quality of Tigris River of Iraq using four biological indicators such as NAFWQI, BMWP, ASPT and HFBI. Water samples from different sampling stations of Tigris River were collected from April 2021 till March 2022. The findings showed that the average NAFWQI index indicated poor water quality, the BMWP index indicated moderate and poor water quality, the ASPT index indicated suspected pollution and pollution with medium levels, and the HFBI indicated relatively poor and poor water quality. Based on the results of this study, the comparative assessment of water quality show that Tigris River's water quality within low to moderate category.
Dhafer Hameed Majeed Al Taie , Monia EL Bour
Evaluation of Memory Enhancing Activity of Chloroform Extract of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. by Different Models in Rats
AIM- The aim of the present investigation is to Evaluate Memory Enhancing Activity of Different Extracts of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. with Special Reference to Chloroform Extract. MATERIAL & METHODS- The dried fruits of PZ were extracted by successive solvent extraction method with the help of soxhlet apparatus. The plant material first extracted with petroleum ether then chloroform, ethanol and water. The Morris water maze consists of a circular pool (60 cm in diameter, 26 cm in height), filled with water to the depth of 20 cm and made opaque white color. The pool was divided into four hypothetical quadrants. The elevated plus maze served as the exteroceptive behavioral model (wherein the stimulus existed outside the body) to evaluate learning and memory in mice. The apparatus consisted of two open arms and two covered arms. At the end of experiment, the experimental animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and brains were taken out. They were rinsed thoroughly with ice-chilled 0.9% NaCl and weighed. A 10% (w/v) tissue homogenate was prepared in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The post nuclear fraction was obtained by centrifugation of the homogenate at 12000g for 60 min at 4ºC. RESULTS- Animals treated with chloroform extract at 100 mg/kg showed an acquisition and retention profile reduction in mean latencies and time spent as 148.53±3.34 and 52.50 ± 1.56 respectively significant as compared to scopolamine control group. Chloroform extract treated groups animals showed significant decrease in transfer latency (s) of acquisition trial as compared to disease control animals, thus suggested marked improvement in memory. The reference standard Piracetam (PC) treated animals showed marked significant decrease in transfer latency (s) of acquisition trial as compared to scopolamine disease control animals. CONCLUSION- On the basis of the preliminary screening of the Plumbago zeylanica extracts we concluded that chloroform extract significantly improved learning memory in several exteroceptive and interoceptive behavioural models of scopolamine induced memory deficit activity, antioxidant activity and by attenuating the biochemical perturbations caused by cognitive impairments.
A study on efficacy of homoeopathic medicines on 12 patients with secondary glaucoma due to closed globe trauma
BACKGROUND Secondary glaucoma is a major complication following closed globe trauma. It is clinically manifested by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), that affect optic nerve and lead to loss of visual field. Conventional treatment often focuses on managing IOP through medications or surgery, but there is growing interest in alternative treatments, such as homeopathy, for their non-invasive nature and potential to stimulate the body's self-healing processes. Practitioners of homeopathy dilute substances to extremely low concentrations, following the belief that similar symptoms to a disease can treat that disease. While traditionally used in various conditions, its efficacy in ophthalmic diseases, particularly secondary glaucoma, remains underexplored. This study examines the effects of individualized homeopathic treatments on secondary glaucoma in patients with a history of closed globe trauma. METHODS Study Design This is a prospective, observational open label study conducted over a period of 1 months with period of weekly follow up. A total of 12 patients, diagnosed with secondary glaucoma following closed globe trauma, were enrolled in the study. Patient Selection Criteria Inclusion criteria: Patients aged 18 to 60 years. Diagnosed with secondary glaucoma after closed globe trauma. Willingness to participate and provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria: History of pre-existing glaucoma. Recent ocular surgeries within the last 12 months. Patients with severe systemic conditions that may interfere with treatment outcomes. Homeopathic Treatment Protocol Each patient received individualized homeopathic remedies based on their specific symptoms, medical history, and overall constitution. Remedies were selected after comprehensive case analysis, and follow-up visits were scheduled every two weeks. Commonly prescribed homeopathic medicines for secondary glaucoma included Phosphorus, Osmium, Belladonna, and Bryonia. Potencies ranged from 30C to 200C, and patients were advised on dosage according to symptom severity. Outcome Measures Primary Outcome: Reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Secondary Outcomes: Visual acuity (measured with a Snellen chart), optic nerve function (assessed by visual field testing), and patient-reported symptoms (such as eye pain, blurring of vision, etc.). Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The researchers used paired t-tests to evaluate differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity measurements taken before and after treatment. RESULT Of the 12 patients, 12 completed the study. Baseline IOP ranged from 24 to 35 mmHg. After one months of individualized homeopathic treatment, 8 patients showed significant reduction in IOP, with an average reduction of 8 mmHg (p<0.05). Visual acuity improved significantly in 7 patients, while the other 5 showed mild to moderate improvement. Patient-reported symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, blurred vision, congestion, eye pain and photophobia, decreased notably in 10 patients while the other 2 showed mild to moderate improvement. Visual field testing showed no further damage to the optic nerve in most cases, suggesting the treatment may have helped stabilize the progression of glaucoma CONCLUSION. This study provides preliminary evidence that individualized homeopathic treatment may reduce intraocular pressure and stabilize visual function in patients with secondary glaucoma after closed globe trauma. Given the promising outcomes, further research is warranted to explore homeopathy’s role as a complementary therapy for secondary glaucoma management
WhatsApp Display Pictures Using Pattern of The Primary Teachers
Today we are living in the age of the revolution of Information and communication Technology. The use of Information and Communication Technology is increasing day by day and has become very common among almost all the people of the world. As a part of the use of Information and Communication technology, majority part of the people of the world uses social media. In this paper investigator made a humble attempt to get a picture about the Display Pictures using patterns on the social media platform WhatsApp of the government primary teachers of the Navsari city. Total 118 primary teachers of total 14 Government primary school of the Navsari city were included in the population. Population itself was the sample. Data were collected by preparing one questionnaire in the form of Google form. Data were analyzed by calculating frequencies and per centages. The results of the study says that the teachers were not mad and crazy regarding the use of Display pictures.
Breast Cancer Prediction Using K Nearest Neighbors, Supprort Vector Machine Techniques
Breast cancer disease is the most known able disease in nowadays for women. World topmost death ratio of woman are happen by this type of disease only. We introduce the Support Vector Machine and K Nearest Neighbors. Both algorithms are best to predict the disease in earlier stages. The machine learning model use 10-fold cross validation to provide accurate results. For the training purposes will use the Wisconsin breast melanoma diagnosis data set. The proposed method experimental result provides best accuracy of the disease detection.
"Identifying The Impact of Influencer Marketing on Consumer Purchase Decisions"
This whole research is done on identifying the impact of influencer marketing on consumer purchase behaviour. The consumer behaviour must be observed by each and every company and then analysed to frame the best possible marketing strategy and help to grow the business. The influencer marketing is the fastly growing so all the companies need to change their own strategies for marketing by considering it. The research has found that influencer marketing is going to be the most effective way of marketing in the upcoming years as the use of social media is increasing day by day. Majority of the indian consumers use social media so the influencer on different social networking applications are going to get majority of the audience, we need to understand the target audience of particular product and then we must identify the influencer who has the most relevant audience for our product and then collaborate with that influencer to market our product. This is the research which figures out how to frame proper strategy for the particular influencer marketing to effectively impact the consumer purchase decision. The consumer purchase decision varies product to product and also it changes day by day. So we must cope up with all the changes that comes in the way of consumer decision and make it most favourable for our company. This study will help us to identify the impact of influencer marketing and how does consumer behaves when any influencer promotes any product. Hence, this study is going to help understand the importance of marketing and analyse the image of influencer marketing in the mind of customers and also it is going to help frame the proper strategy for the advertisers.
Chandni Kotecha, Dr. Riddhi Sanghvi, Dr. Jay Talati, Prof. Nensi Solanki
Early Postoperative Parathyroid Hormone as a Predictor of Hypocalcemia After Total Thyroidectomy
Background: Hypocalcemia is a common complication following total thyroidectomy, primarily due to transient or permanent hypoparathyroidism. Early postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement has been proposed as a predictor of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. This study aims to assess the predictive value of early postoperative PTH levels for hypocalcemia in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Surgery and Otolaryngology Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from July 2022 to July 2023. A total of 103 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were included. Preoperative and postoperative PTH and serum calcium levels were measured. The correlation between immediate postoperative PTH levels and the development of hypocalcemia was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal PTH cutoff value for predicting hypocalcemia. Results: The mean age of the study population was 41.72±12.12 years, with a female predominance (76.7%). The most common preoperative diagnosis was multinodular goiter (70.87%), followed by papillary carcinoma (22.33%). The mean preoperative PTH level was 45.41±15.56 pg/mL, significantly decreasing immediately after surgery to 37.63±20.22 pg/mL (p=0.001). Hypocalcemia developed in 20.39% of patients, all of whom had a postoperative PTH level ≤14.4 pg/mL. The ROC curve analysis identified this threshold with a sensitivity of 94.6% and specificity of 100% (AUC=0.987, p=0.001). Conclusion: Early postoperative PTH measurement is a reliable predictor of hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy. A ≤14.4 pg/mL cutoff value can effectively identify at-risk patients, enabling timely calcium supplementation and preventing symptomatic hypocalcemia.
Dr. Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Dr. Mohammad Salim, Dr. Md. Saiful Islam, Dr. Md. Jahangir Hossain, Dr. Mohammed Rafiqul Islam, Dr. Iftakhar Al Mamun, Dr. Sayem Al Monsur Faizi, Dr. Rana Jahangir Alam
Diversity and Distribution of Marine Gastropods at Rocky Intertidal Shore of Veraval coast of Gujarat
Intertidal zone contains a high diversity of species, and the zonation created by the tides causes species ranges to be compressed into very narrow bands. This zone is home of many several species from different taxa including porifera, annelids, coelenterates, molluscs and crustaceans. Gastropoda is the largest class of mollusca phylum. The present investigation has been done on the diversity and distribution of marine gastropods alongside at rocky intertidal shore of Veraval. The coastline has mostly steeply declined tidal flat that makes it difficult to access the lower littoral zone. Quadrate method was followed on monthly basis from July 2020 to March 2021. It was utilized for to appraise population density, abundance, and frequency of gastropods. In this study, gastropod fauna was recorded 32 species belonging to 7 Order and 16 Families. There was 2 km long belt intertidal rocky coastal area with 120 mt stretch taken for study. A study was carried out by visiting the coast at different time and tide also. Many photographs click of gastropods shell were captured. Identification was done by using of standard literature. Results showed that major molluscan population belonged to class gastropoda with dominating species like Cerithium caeruleum, Lunella coronate, Turbo intercostalis, Peronia verruculata, Astraea stellate and Cypraea eglantine.
Rahul B. Solanki, Dr. Jatin Raval, Dr. Vibhuti Raval
Pharmacological Evaluation Of Saroglitazar And Gemfibrozil Combination Therapy In The Treatment Of Diabetic Dyslipidemia
Introduction Diabetics have an increased cardiovascular risk. This risk gets exaggerated by lipid abnormalities additionally. Diabetics have an increased propensity to develop dyslipidemia. Diabetic dyslipidemia is a cluster of lipoprotein abnormalities characterized by increased triglyceride & low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein levels. Methodology From the pilot study potent dose of Saroglitazar and Gemfibrozil were selected for this study. In this study, the experimental rats were divided into five groups of six animals in each group. Results Combination therapy shows decrease in lipid profile, atherogenic index, histopathological studies of different organs and Insulin levels compared to individual drugs and shows better therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion Hence the combination of Saroglitazar and Gemfibrozil has shown good safety profile and may represent a novel therapeutic agent that will fulfill the unmet needs in T2DM and diabetic dyslipidemia.
A Study on Employee Engagement and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction with Respect to Selected Private Sector Insurance Companies of Gujarat Region.
A role of an active employees in an organization are not only dedicated to their define jobs but also it leads to contribute to organizational success story. With this objective, the study on Engagement of an employee in an organization in private sector insurance companies in Gujarat with crucial factors and determinants affecting engagement of an employees and their satisfaction of jobs. By using a descriptive research design which is a type of conclusive research design and quantitative data collection methods, the study gathers 120 responses from the south Gujarat region. Data analysis techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis are used to find the relationship between engagement of an employees and their satisfaction related to job. Through exploration Factor analysis and regression analysis, three key factors emerge as significant drivers of employee engagement: Support & Empowerment, Learning & Growth Opportunities, and Organizational Culture & Pride. This factor depicts the importance of supportive leadership, continuous development opportunities, and a positive organizational culture in fostering employee satisfaction and engagement. Current research study contributes valuable insights into the factors influencing engagement of an employee in an organization and satisfaction of their job in the insurance sector, offering recommendations for organizational improvement and enhancing employee well-being and performance.
Dr. Darshan B. Bankwala,Dr. Mehul Ganjawala, Dr. Rohan Patel
Evolving Legal Framework: Medical Termination Of Pregnancy Act, 1971
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act is a legal framework that governs the conditions and procedures under which pregnancies can be terminated or aborted. The MTP Act deals with the ethical issues surrounding ending pregnancies using either medical or surgical means. It was implemented to replace the stringent, obsolete abortion laws that remained in effect following British colonial rule. The MTP Act has undergone major changes over time in order to improve implementation and increase access to secure abortion services. The MTP Act is used in practice in the case of Mrs Farzana Ali Ahmed Sayyed vs. the State of Maharashtra, which was heard in the Bombay High Court in February 2020. When Mrs Sayyed was in the 22nd week of her pregnancy, she requested authorization for a medical abortion. Severe prenatal malformations were discovered via ultrasound, endangering both the mother's mental health and the potential offspring. The court accepted the Medical Board's recommendation to terminate. The court granted authorization based on the Act and pertinent judgements after the Medical Board's recommendation for termination. These rights have recently been expanded by the 2021 amendment. However, successful implementation and ongoing advocacy are essential to address issues and advance the wellbeing of women in this significant area of healthcare.
Katikala Tanvi, Dr. Balamuralidhara V., Deeksha K. S.
Investigating The Effectiveness Of An E-Service-Learning Based Learning Model On High School Students’ Critical Thinking Ability
This study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of an e-service-learning-based learning model in increasing high school students’ critical thinking abilities. A one-group pre-test-post-test design was employed, with 29 high school students as participants of the study, selected through non-random sampling. The learning model consists of a combination of online and offline learning. A pretest was administered before students went through the e-learning material, followed by a posttest after all the learning model syntax was completed. The result indicates that the learning model has an N-Gain score of 58.62, which fits into the category of “quite effective.” It can be concluded that the learning model is quite effective in increasing high school students’ critical thinking ability with further development. One recommendation for further study is to develop a teacher training model to teach critical thinking ability and to measure its effectiveness.
Avia Destimianti, Ivan Hanafi, Khaerudin
Quest For Self-Awareness In Angela Carter’s Novel Love
The Proposed paper entitled Quest for self-awareness in Angela Carter’s Novel Love, tends to bring out the notion that Angela carter’s Protagonists in Love is a woman who undergoes various manifestations, basically concentrating on the three facets that a woman deals with in order to tread on the quest for self-awareness. The narrative centres on the intricate and detrimental relationships among the principal characters: a psychologically ill woman, her charismatic husband, and his unpredictable sibling. Carter frequently examines themes of familial relationships and the influence of authoritative parents in her writings. Although Love does not focus on a maternal figure, the emotional detachment and alienation faced by the protagonists may mirror their wider familial and societal connections. The role of a mother which proves her existence and the relationship of mother and child is important. Also, a final point is the relevance of gaze, which suggests that the gaze or stare of woman appears eventually by the narrative’s concluding section. Additionally, they help to highlight how traditionally fairy tales portray men and women in a stereotyped manner, with the primary protagonist that is the female counterpart being a passive person with no agency or power whilst the main feature being her beauty.
Rohina Ratti, Dr. Gayatri Kumari, Dr. Prakash A.
Extending an Application of CNN to Automate Leaf Area Measurement of Groundnut
Groundnut, a vital crop known for its oil and protein content, ranks India as the second-largest producer globally. Enhancing the physical and gravimetric properties of groundnut is crucial for improving overall yield. One key biophysical metric for assessing crop growth is the Leaf Area Index (LAI), which relies on accurate leaf area measurement. Traditionally, the millimeter graph paper method-which is sometimes prone to errors-is used to measure the leaf area. This work investigates the use of machine learning techniques to automate the measurement of groundnut leaf area in order to aid in the estimation of the LAI. To improve the precision of estimating leaf area, a large dataset of groundnut leaf photos was collected from numerous field tests and pre-processed. In addition, a specialized hardware configuration was created to reduce human entry errors by automatically measuring the leaf area and sending data to a cloud server. To reduce the effect of lighting changes, the hardware system has homogeneous illumination This hardware configuration in conjunction with machine learning has proven to be successful in automating the measurement of leaf area and simplifying data administration. The suggested technique offers a dependable way to track crop growth and boost agricultural output because it can be adjusted to various crop varieties.
Rinku Manvani, Nabhan Yousef, Gaurav Sanghvi, Mahendrapalsingh Rajput
A Comparative Study on Early and Late Outcomes of Conventional Surgery and Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Primary Varicose Veins among Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Background and Objectives-Varicose veins are a prevalent vascular condition affecting a significant portion of the population. Management has evolved from invasive surgical techniques to minimally invasive methods like Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA). This study evaluates and compares the early and late outcomes of conventional high ligation and stripping versus RFA in patients with primary varicose veins. To compare the clinical outcomes, patient comfort, and postoperative complications of conventional surgery and RFA in the treatment of primary varicose veins. Methods: An interventional study was conducted over 18 months at JSS Hospital, Mysuru, involving 80 patients with primary varicose veins. Patients were randomized into two groups: Conventional Surgery (40 patients) and RFA (40 patients). Outcomes assessed included postoperative complications (hematoma, paresthesia, deep vein thrombosis), symptom resolution, hospital stay duration, and recurrence. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 28 with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results- Younger patients (21–30 years) preferred RFA, while older patients (51–60 years) underwent conventional surgery. Male predominance was noted in both groups. RFA patients predominantly presented with dilated veins and skin changes, while conventional surgery patients had more advanced symptoms like edema and ulcers. Hematoma and paresthesia were less frequent in the RFA group (5% and 2.5%, respectively) compared to the conventional surgery group (15% and 7.5%). No cases of burns or postoperative deep vein thrombosis were reported in either group. RFA significantly reduced hospital stay, with 25% of patients discharged within 24 hours compared to none in the conventional surgery group. No recurrences were observed in either group during the follow-up period. Conclusion: RFA offers significant advantages over conventional surgery in terms of reduced complications, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery, making it a preferred option for younger and middle-aged patients. However, conventional surgery remains a viable choice for advanced cases.
Dr.Thrishuli PB,Dr Arun nayak ,Dr Prithvika N,Dr Kotharu surya Mohith
Healthcare Access and Utilization Among Migrant Tribal Populations in Urban Fringe Areas
Healthcare disparities among tribal populations in India have been a persistent challenge despite various governmental initiatives. This study explores the healthcare needs and coping strategies of migrated tribals in peri-urban settings, focusing on Odisha, a state with a significant tribal population. The research examines the existing health infrastructure and utilization patterns among tribal communities, highlighting the socio-cultural factors influencing health-seeking behaviors. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, including surveys and qualitative interviews, the study aims to uncover the complexities of medical pluralism and syncretism among migrated tribals, analyzing their integration of traditional and modern healthcare systems. By identifying effective coping strategies, the study contributes to understanding healthcare accessibility and adaptation in marginalized tribal communities facing urbanization pressures. This Project is funded by Odisha State Higher Education Council, Govt, of Odisha.
Is Cowpox Virus Infection: An Emerging Health Threat
The orthopox virus is the zoonosis that causes cowpox. Edward Jenner describes it for the first time in relation to the variola virus vaccination. Despite their name, cows are not the primary source of infection; cats are more likely to get the virus by eating mice and rats that are sick. The primary hosts of the cowpox virus are house mice, short-tailed field voles, wood mice and bank voles. The incubation duration is seven to twelve days, occasionally three weeks.While the smaller peak happens in the winter (February–March), the larger peak happens in the late summer/autumn (August–October). The virus causes mucous membrane or skin infections, which lead to the development of a localized pustular skin illness. Elisa testing, real-time PCR, and several other diagnostic techniques can identify it. While there isn't a specific antiviral medication licensed to treat cowpox infections, cidofovir can be used in more complex instances. It may be important to have plastic surgery to prevent significant cosmetic repercussions. This review paper examines cowpox, focusing on its epidemiology and treatment.
Anjali Singh, Aasma Kossar, Kajal Patel, Neelam Sharma, Rahul Chaurasia, Suman Bansal, Sarita Karole, Deepak Kumar Jain
A Descriptive Study To Assess The Risk Factors Of Anaemia Among The Young Girls In The Selected Colleges At Natham, Dindigul District
A Descriptive study was conducted to assess the risk factors of anaemia among the young girls in the selected colleges at Natham Dindigul District Tamilnadu. 200 adolescent girls who were studying in selected colleges were recruited by convenience sampling method. Risk factors of anemia assessed by using structured checklist devised by the investigator. Analysis revealed that 1% of young girls were having no-risk of anaemia, 72% of the young girls were having mild risk of developing anaemia, 27% were having moderate risk of anaemia and no one was having severe risk for anaemia. Also the demographic variables such as Age (in years), Birth Order, Total Number of family members, Educational status of the mother, Mothers occupation and Dietary Pattern were having significant association with the risk factors of anaemia.
. Annalakshmi, Dr. T. Sujatha, Dr. T. Vijayapriya
Distribution and determinants associated with febrile urinary tract infection In infants.
INTRODUCTION:- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common bacterial infection in children, affecting around 7.8% of those under 19 years with urinary symptoms or fever. The prevalence of UTIs varies by age, sex, and circumcision status. Boys are more frequently affected in the first year of life (3.7%) compared to girls (2%), often signaling congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT). After infancy, girls experience a higher incidence due to anatomical factors such as a shorter urethra. Escherichia coli accounts for 80% of pediatric UTIs, and other bacteria like Enterococcus, Proteus, and Klebsiella are also implicated. Diagnosis is challenging in younger children, where fever and nonspecific symptoms often prevail. This study aims to identify the distribution and determinants of febrile UTI in children aged 1–12 months. Aim & Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the distribution and risk factors associated with febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children aged 1 to 12 months. The objective was to explore the prevalence of UTIs across this age group and examine key determinants influencing their occurrence. Materials & Methods: A total of 564 infants were included in the study, which was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire, covering demographic information, medical history, symptoms, and breastfeeding patterns. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and urine samples were analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27, employing the Chi-square test and odds ratio with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: UTIs were more prevalent among infants younger than six months (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.16-4.65, p = 0.016), while no significant association was found with gender or socioeconomic status. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (59.5%). Poor weight gain (OR = 2.84, p = 0.0039) and the presence of anatomical abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) (OR = 4.42, p = 0.0002) were significantly associated with UTIs. Breastfeeding had a protective effect (OR = 0.09, p = 0.0001), while tight clothing and uncircumcised status increased UTI risk. Other indicators, including poor feeding and foul-smelling urine, were also significant. Conclusion: Infants younger than six months had a higher risk of developing febrile UTIs. While gender and socioeconomic status were not significantly related to UTI occurrence, breastfeeding, circumcision, and anatomical abnormalities played crucial roles in determining the risk. Proper infant care, including breastfeeding and addressing anatomical issues, could reduce UTI incidence in this population
Dr.Madhu Manaswini,Dr.Hariharasudhan Thiyagarajan. T,Dr.Jagdeep Ramesh,Dr.Shri Lakshmi. C.S,Dr.Shyamnith Manoharan
Exploring the Impact of AI and Blockchain on Advancing Financial Risk Analysis and Decision-Making
The field of financial risk analysis and decision-making has seen a significant transformation with the introduction of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI).This study investigates how these cutting-edge technologies work in concert to improve the precision, effectiveness, and transparency of financial operations. Organisations can analyse enormous volumes of data, spot trends, and make remarkably accurate risk predictions thanks to AI systems' sophisticated algorithms and machine learning. At the same time, blockchain technology provides an immutable, decentralised ledger that improves data integrity, fosters trust, and lowers the risk of fraud in financial transactions. The field of financial risk analysis and decision-making has seen a significant transformation with the introduction of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI). This study investigates how these cutting-edge technologies work in concert to improve the precision, effectiveness, and transparency of financial operations. Organisations can analyse enormous volumes of data, spot trends, and make remarkably accurate risk predictions thanks to AI systems' sophisticated algorithms and machine learning. At the same time, blockchain technology provides an immutable, decentralised ledger that improves data integrity, fosters trust, and lowers the risk of fraud in financial transactions.
Physiotherapy For Functional Mobility In Parkinson’s Disease: Recent Outlook
Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder for which only symptomatic treatments are available. One of the most prominent challenges in Parkinson's disease is gait and balance disturbances, which significantly contribute to increased disability and a reduced health-related quality of life. Unfortunately, balance and gait deficits in Parkinson’s disease are notoriously difficult to treat and are not substantially improved by pharmacological or surgical treatments. However, recent advances in research have highlighted the potential for neurochemical and neuroplastic changes following exercise, which offers hope for improving motor and nonmotor symptoms.An increasing body of high-quality studies has documented improvements in various aspects of mobility, such as gait, balance, and strength, following exercise interventions. Additionally, exercise has been shown to positively impact nonmotor symptoms, including depression, anxietyand fatigue, further improving overall well-being in Parkinson’s disease patients. This review article focuses on the latest advancements in enhancing functional mobility, while underscoring the importance of targeted exercise interventions. Interventions like musically queued gait training, Pilates, Dual task group training, rhythmic auditory stimulation etc can help maximize benefits, ultimately leading to improved quality of life for individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
Dr. Akshata Adhikari, Dr.Suraj Kanase, Dr G Varadharajulu
Influence Of Pilate Therapy And Conventional Therapy On Functional Disability In Post Natal Women With Back Pain
Background: Post natal period is the first six to eight weeks after childbirth or until the body returns to its pre-pregnancy status. It is important for both short term and long term well being of women and her child. Pregnancy related low back pain is a common complaint that occurs in 20-90 percentages of women. Pain is characteristically present between the 12th rib and the gluteal folds during the course of pregnancy, possibly radiating to the postero lateral thigh, the knee, and the calf but not to the foot. It is due to a combination of mechanical, hormonal, circulatory, and psychosocial factors. After six weeks of delivery, women only partially resumed their pre pregnancy functional state. Much more time, rest, support from family members is required for enhancing functional and psychological status of women. Method: 494 subjects were included according to criteria. Subjects were allotted into two groups. Group A: Pilates and Group B: Conventional. Interventions were given for 6 weeks and changes in Oswestry Low Back Disability were noted during 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks. Changes within the group was analyzed using Repeated Measures Annova Test and between the groups using Unpaired t-test. Result: With Conventional therapy, the disability was reduced from 36.56 ± 1.49 on day 1 to 21.46 ± 1.81 in 6th week. Pilate therapy showed reduction of 36.55 ± 1.5on day 1 to 7.03 ± 1.80 in 6th week. At 2nd week , disability was reduced to 36.65 ± 1.54 with conventional therapy and 29 ± 1.68 with Pilate therapy. By the end of 4th week, with conventional therapy it was further reduced to 29.06 ± 1.89 and 19.7 ± 1.29 with Pilates. After 6 weeks of interventions, functional disability was reduced to21.46 ± 1.81 with conventional exercises and 7.03 ± 1.80 with Pilates.
Dr Suraj B.Kanase, Dr Sanjaykumar S. Patil, Dr G Varadharajulu, Dr Manisha M. Laddad, Dr Gauri R. Shinde
Association Of Adenosine Deaminase With Insulin Resistance And Pancreatic Enzymes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Background: Adenosine deaminase(ADA) is a key regulating enzyme of adenosine levels and ADA gives a promising result as a common inflammatory marker for glycemic control, insulin resistance and pathogenesis of diabetes. Chronic inflammation of pancreas in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to fibrosis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The present study was undertaken to evaluate association of adenosine deaminase with insulin resistance and pancreatic enzymes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry, LN Medical College & JK Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Relevant history was taken, clinical examination and laboratory investigations was done in 200 subjects including 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects & 100 nondiabetic healthy controls. Under fasting condition, 4 ml blood sample and 2 ml post-prandial blood was collected and serum was separated. The separated serum was used for the estimation of FBS, PPBS, insulin, pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) and Adenosine deaminase levels by using autoanalyzer kits. 2 ml whole blood sample was used for estimation of HbA1c. Results: Among 100 type 2 diabetic subjects, 43 were males and 57were females. In non- diabetic subjects, 54 were males and 46 were females. Age (49.3 ± 7.6yrs) and BMI (26.2 ± 1.2Kg/m2) was significantly more in T2DM cases than non-diabetic subjects. Mean levels of fasting glucose (148.0 ± 18.0 mg/dl), post prandial glucose (219.3 ± 33.8 mg/dl), HbA1C (7.0 ± 0.6g%), insulin (15.2 ± 4.6µIU/ml), HOMA-IR (5.6 ± 2.2), ADA (21.4 ± 5.8 IU/L) were significantly higher and serum amylase (43.4 ± 10.3IU/L), lipase (30.5 ± 8.4IU/L) levels were significantly lower in T2DM cases compared to nondiabetic subjects (P < 0.001). ADA showed positive correlation with fasting Insulin &HOMA-IR and negative correlation with pancreatic enzymes. Further, serum ADA levels are significantly higher in fairly controlled than in controlled diabetics. Conclusion: ADA levels are linearly associated with severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. So, that serum ADA levels may be used as an alternative surrogate marker for insulin resistance, assessing glycemic control and assessing pancreatic enzymes serum amylase and lipase in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A Case Study On To Compare Efficacy Of Povidone Iodine Vs Normal Saline In Prevention Of Postpartum Endometritis And Related Febrile Morbidity In Women Going Under Elective Lscs
Introduction: Elective Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS) is a common surgical procedure worldwide, but postoperative infectious complications, particularly postpartum endometritis, remain a concern. Preoperative vaginal preparation with antiseptic agents like povidone iodine or normal saline aims to reduce these complications, yet controversy persists regarding their efficacy. This prospective cohort study compares outcomes of povidone iodine versus normal saline vaginal preparation in elective LSCS to inform evidence-based clinical practices. Methods and Materials: A randomized controlled trial involving 123 women at Vinayaka Missions Medical College and Research Centre, Karaikal, assessed postoperative fever and postpartum endometritis. Participants underwent spinal anesthesia and catheterization before vaginal preparation with povidone iodine or normal saline. Data on demographic and clinical parameters were collected pre- and postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The study found no significant difference in mean age, parity, or gestational age between groups. Incidence of post-CS fever was comparable between groups (3.33% vs. 6.34%, p>0.05), but wound infections were significantly lower in the povidone iodine group (3.33% vs. 14.28%, p=0.039). Discussion: Our findings align with previous studies showing reduced postoperative infections with povidone iodine vaginal preparation. Notably, studies by Tarang Kaur et al. and Memon et al. support our results, emphasizing the efficacy of povidone iodine in reducing endometritis. The study adds to existing literature by providing evidence for optimal antiseptic practices in LSCS.
A Longitudinal And Domain Wise Survey On MIMIC III Dataset
Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database is one of the popular databases in medical fields related to the history of in-and-out patients. This database is applied in multiple domains such as data analysis, Machine learning, and Natural Language processing to study or analyze the characteristics of the patients deceased or suffered with sepsis. To explore the extensions with MIMIC database, the most popular articles are scrutinized then identified overview of the concepts related to various computer science domains, summarizes the architecture models, optimization models, and statistical measures of different features used from the MIMIC database, and compared the among articles related to the same class of diseases. The findings, provided in this article open doors for future scope in research on MIMIC Database that will be helpful for different medical fields as well as in the fields of computer-related domains.
The Impact Of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) On The Development Of Critical Thinking In Language And Literature.
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an educational methodology that fosters the development of critical thinking and reasoning in students, being particularly effective in the teaching of language and literature. This paper analyzes the relationship between PBL and the development of critical literary thinking in elementary school students. The benefits of PBL, such as improved academic performance and student motivation, as well as the challenges in its implementation, such as teacher training and assessment, are explored. In addition, pedagogical theories that support PBL are examined, including constructivism and collaborative learning. It is concluded that PBL, despite its challenges, is a valuable tool for transforming language and literature teaching, promoting essential skills for solving complex real-life problems.
Andrea Maribel Aldaz Izquierdo, Samir Mauricio Valencia Velez, Sandra Valentina Chulde Cabrera, Marco Ricardo Pante Quishpe, Mireya del Pilar Jumbo Castillo, Maria Del Rosario Chugchilan Fauta, Edgar Fabian Toapanta Vargas, Delia Gabriela Pérez Ba
Expression Of Programmed Cell Death‐1 (PD-1) On CD4+T Cells In Pemphigus Vulgaris
Background: Pemphigus is chronic autoimmune intra-epidermal bullous skin disease. Recent studies have found that programmed cell death‐1 (PD-1) plays a role in autoimmune diseases. In this study PD-1 expression on CD4 cells were assessed by flowcytometry, soluble PD-1 were assessed by ELISA and corelated with activity and severity in pemphigus patients. Methods: 20 patients with active pemphigus, 20 patients in remission on therapy and 40 age-matched healthy controls presented to the Dermatology department in Mansoura University Hospital. Blood samples from all precipitants were studied by flow cytometry to assess expression of PD‐1 on CD4+ cells and assess the level of serum PD‐1 by ELISA. Results: A highly significant difference in PD-1 percentage on CD4+ was observed the active old group much higher expression than the remission group (p < 0.001), and in the remission group higher expression than the control group (p < 0.001). PD-1 percentage correlated positively with the PDAI scores (p < 0.001) indicating that higher PDAI scores are associated with higher PD-1% values. Serum levels of sPD-1 were significantly lower in PV patients than in controls (p < 0.001) and significantly lower in patients with active disease than those in remission (p < 0.001). Serum sPD-1 correlated negatively with the PDAI scores (p < 0.001, r = −0.4). Conclusions: Elevated PD-1 expression on CD4+ cells in the highest PDAI score patients. may show the importance of PD-1 in the pathogenesis of PV. Further studies are required to confirm the role of PD-1 in pemphigus vulgaris.
Nehal M. Omar, Samia AbdElnaby, Manar Ali, Dalia A. Salem, Shereen E. Alashry,
Shifting Bacterial Profiles in Burn Wound Infections: An Observational Study
Introduction: In India the bacterial infection is major problem in the management of burn cases. Burn provides a suitable site for bacterial multiplication. It contributes significantly both in morbidity and mortality. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat the patients will develop antibiotic resistance in the bacteria present in the burn wound.4 Material and Methods: A total 87 patients with superficial and deep burn were studied bacteriologically. Wound discharge was collected from burnt skin lesion with sterile swab stick at first week of patients’ admission and subsequently weekly interval. Specimen was examined microscopically by using Grams staining and inoculated aerobically on Blood agar and MacConkey agar. Identification of isolates was done by standard biochemical tests. Results: In this study higher incidence of burn was reported in females at the age group of 16–30 years. Thermal burns etiology was reported common type of injury. Coagulase positive staphylococcus was predominant organism at first week of post burn. P.aeruginosa was predominant organism at second week of post burn and onwords. Most common isolated organism were P.aeruginosa (40%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%), E.coli (22%), S. aureus (21%) and Proteus spp (8%).2,3 Conclusion: In this study Ps. aeruginosa seems to be significant pathogen affecting the burn wounds at second week and onward. However coagulase positive staphylococcus was predominant organism at first week of burn and then decreased in numbers. Coagulase negative staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae have important role cause infection of burn wound.
The Association Of Lipoprotein (A) With Coronary Artery Calcification Patterns Detected By Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) In Ischemic Patients Presented For PCI
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD), driven by atherosclerosis and risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, is a major global health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Coronary artery calcification (CAC), a regulated process linked to atherosclerosis, is prevalent in CAD patients, complicating percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Techniques such as balloon angioplasty, rotational atherectomy, and stenting are tailored to plaque calcification. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is highly accurate in detecting CAC. Elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), associated with residual risk of cardiovascular disease, has an unclear role in CAC and its impact on PCI.[1-3] Objective: To determine the relation between serum lipoprotein (a) levels and coronary plaque calcification burden detected by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in ischemic patients undergoing PCI procedures. Patients and Methods: 90 patients with ischemic heart disease presented for percutaneous coronary interventions. IVUS was used for assessment of plaque morphology and calcifications. Serum LP(a) was measured to all eligible patients. Results: The study demonstrated a positive correlation between LP(a) level and measures of calcium assessment including angiographic calcium and IVUS detected calcium. LP(a) level was higher in patient with higher calcium arc and calcium length by IVUS. Higher LP(a) was associated with more mixed calcium sites (superficial and deep). After diving the study population into 2 groups depending on the LP(a) level (below or above 50 mg/dl), patient with higher LP(a) > 50 mg have higher calcification burden by IVUS (calcium length, calcium arc, mixed calcium sites). LP(a) was associated with lower minimal luminal area (MLA) and higher plaque burden. Conclusion: high LP(a) levels is associated with more coronary plaque calcification burden by IVUS with possible need for calcium modification strategies during PCI.
Osama Mohamed AbdAllah Omar, Ghada Mahmoud Soltan, Bassem ElZarif Fouad, Awny Gamal Shalaby
Study of serum matrix metalloproteinase-1 [MMP-1] in Knee osteoarthritic postmenopausal women
Objective To determine the association of serum MMP-1 between postmenopausal females with knee osteoarthritis (Case) and postmenopausal females without knee osteoarthritis (Control). Design Case-control study Method The study involved 200 female subjects between the ages of 45-70 years. Out of these, 100 were healthy female postmenopausal controls, while the other 100 were postmenopausal female patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah. Serum MMP-1 levels were measured in all samples using an ELISA analyzer, following the manufacturer's instructions on a commercial kit. The results are expressed as arithmetic means with standard deviation, and a p-value of less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Paired sample t-test was used to analyze the data. Results It was observed that the level of Serum MMP-1 was significantly higher (p=0.0001) in cases (533.92±178.51) as compared to controls (42.76±29.19). This finding suggests that MMP-1 levels can be considered a reliable biochemical marker for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA). Conclusion Postmenopausal women with knee OA show a significant association with serum MMP-1, making it a useful diagnostic marker.
Saumya Singh, Pradeep Sharma, Kalbe Jawad
Analytical Method Development of Process Related Impurities of Lacidipine by UV Spectroscopy and Chromatographic Techniques
The synthesis and Retro synthesis of Lacidipine was studied to determine the process-related impurities in Lacidipine formulation. The intermediates of the drug treated as impurities were decided and planned for the synthesis. General Method for 1,4dihyropyridine Synthesis was used. Isolation of the both the intermediate was done by column chromatography. The separation was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography. The purity of the intermediate was carried out by column chromatography using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as mobile phase. The technique was observed to be explicit, direct, delicate, exact and precise. The outcomes showed great middle of the road accuracy. Versatile stage stream rate seemed to have critical impact on power, and thus it was essential to be painstakingly controlled.
PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF GUAVA TENDER LEAVES EXTRACT IN CONTROLLING DIABETES-RELATED HYPERGLYCEMIA AND DYSLIPIDEMIA
ABSTRACT: The antidiabetic and antioxidant qualities of a methanolic extract from Psidium guajava tender leaves (PGTL-M) were examined in rats with diabetes caused by streptozotocin. PGTL-M at 100 mg/kg, PGTL-M at 200 mg/kg, normal control, diabetic control, and a group treated with Glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg were the five groups of adult male Wistar rats. A single 50 mg/kg dosage of streptozotocin was used to produce diabetes, and the patients were managed for 30 days. Blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress indicators including reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed. Pancreatic tissue was also subjected to histological examination. The results showed that the 200 mg/kg dosage of PGTL-M was more successful in reducing blood glucose levels than the 100 mg/kg dose. Lipid profiles improved as total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) dropped and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) rose. Higher levels of CAT, SOD, and GSH, as well as lower levels of TBARS, which indicate less oxidative stress, demonstrated improved antioxidant defences. Pancreatic beta cells significantly recovered at the 200 mg/kg dose, according to histological examination. To sum up, PGTL-M showed dose-dependent antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, indicating that it may be used therapeutically to treat diabetes and its consequences.
Damayanthi Dalu, Rohini Karunakaran, Narinder Kaur, Konda V V S Krishna, Ashok Kumar BS, Anita Pari, Nilesh Pratapsing Babre, Gaurav
Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Active Constituents of Tinospora cordifolia and Validation of Anticancer Efficacy by In Vitro Assays
Abstract: The primary objective of this research is to collect Tinospora cordifolia specimens and systematically extract their active constituents using various organic solvents and water. The multi-step extraction process is crucial for optimising the yield of bioactive compounds, which can vary based on the polarity of the solvent used. The selected solvents, including methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and water, are expected to target the bioactive phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted post-extraction to confirm the presence of these secondary metabolites. This is create the foundation for future bioactivity investigations. To identify the active compounds demonstrating anticancer activity, bioassay-guided purification methods was employed following the preliminary cytotoxicity assessment. This approach employs silica gel column chromatography and liquid-liquid partitioning for the physical and chemical isolation of components. Further bioactivity investigations was performed on the obtained fractions to ascertain those having the greatest potential for anticancer efficacy. The safety profile of the bioactive fractions must be assessed concurrently. The anticancer properties of the bioactive fractions was validated by a series of in vitro assays, including apoptosis measurement, cell cycle analysis, and reactive oxygen species formation. These research will expand our understanding of how bioactive substances promote programmed cell death and regulate cellular responses to oxidative stress. Conversely, cell cycle analysis can reveal substances that disrupt the advancement of the cell cycle.
Maninder Kaur, Abdul Wadood Siddiqui, Dinesh Kumar Sharma
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN (MIPO)SUBMUSCULAR PLATE FIXATION OF FRACTURE FEMUR AND CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT WITH THOMAS SPLINT IN CHILDREN FROM 5 TO 8 YEARS OLD: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY
Introduction: Pediatric femoral shaft fractures are common injuries that can substantially affect a child's growth and development. The ideal treatment strategy for femoral fractures in children aged 5 to 8 years continues to be a subject of debate. This study aims to compare the results of submuscular Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) with conservative management involving traction with the Thomas splint followed by casting in this age group. Methods: A multicenter randomized controlled trial was performed with 75 children aged 5 to 8 years who had femoral shaft fractures. Patients were randomly allocated to either the submuscular MIPO group or the conservative management group. The outcomes assessed were the duration until radiographic union occurred as well as the rate of complications. Results: Radiographic union occurred more rapidly in the submuscular MIPO group. The MIPO group exhibited a reduced complication rate, reporting merely two instances of superficial wound infection. In contrast, the Thomas splint group encountered several complications, including malunion and limb length discrepancy, with four cases necessitating surgical intervention. Conclusion: Submuscular MIPO provides considerable benefits compared to conservative management for femoral fractures in children aged 5 to 8 years. The earlier weight-bearing capacity, faster radiographic union and reduced complication rates render submuscular MIPO the treatment of choice for this demographic. Nonetheless, conservative management is a feasible option in environments with restricted surgical resources. Key Words: Pediatric femoral fracture, Conservative, Thomas splint, Traction, Surgical intervention, MIPO Level of Evidence: Level II, Randomized Controlled Trial.
Mohamed Salama Hamdy, MD, Andrew Gamal, MD, Ahmed O. Sabry, MD, Mohamed Shaaban Ibrahim, MD, Yahia Nour Eldin Tarraf MD, Atef Hanna MD, Hazem Abdelhamid, MD
CASH V/S DIGITAL PAYMENT TRANSACTION IN INDIA
Payments are an inevitable part of our daily transactions, be it a consumer to a business or a business to a business. Payments raise a country's GDP; thus, it is mandatory that the payment systems should be "safe, secure, sound, efficient, accessible and authorized. India’s digital payment volume has climbed at an average annual rate of about 50 percent over the past five years. India has multiple payment systems that spur the growth of payments. Even if India's digital payments environment has grown, there is still a need for currency, which the pandemic has made more apparent. It may seem odd that there is a rise in digital payments while the amount of cash in circulation is increasing, which calls for a study of the several reasons people maintain cash. This study, which employs descriptive analysis and empirical insights, concludes that, although the usage of cash as a payment medium is still declining, the precautionary and store-of-value reasons are responsible for the sustained growth in currency demand. This demonstrates how digital payments are increasingly replacing cash in transactional settings. Even while income is still the primary factor influencing currency demand in India, the positive income effect may be mitigated by the digital payments industry's explosive expansion and statistically significant inverse relationship with cash.
The Impact of Topically Applied 0.5% Nifedipine Gel in Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis
Background: Periodontitis is a condition that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and is increasing more common worldwide, Aim: To evaluate the clinical, radiographic and biochemical efficacy of 0.5% Nifedipine gel as a local delivery following the non-surgical periodontal therapy in periodontitis patients (Stage II, Grade A), Patients and methods: The present study was designed as a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical, radiographic, and Immunohistochemical study carried out on 20 patients of both sexes at Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch. They were diagnosed by recording the case history and performing extra oral and intraoral clinical examinations as well as radiographic evaluation, Results: There was no significant difference between Group I and Group II regarding plaque index baseline, gingival index baseline, probing pocket depth baseline, BFGF baseline, and marginal bone level baseline p>0.05. However, significant differences were observed after one, three, and six months p<0.05, with no significant difference between Group I and Group II regarding BFGF after two weeks and one month, Conclusion: We concluded that the use of a 0.5% in situ gel of nifedipine, when applied topically, can effectively reduce probing pocket depth and increase attachment level in patients with stage II grade A periodontitis, and improve radiographic marginal bone level more effectively than non-surgical periodontal treatment alone.
Radwa Mohamed Reda Abd-Elaziz, Kareman Said El-Soudany, Mohamed Fouad Edrees
Efficacy of Topically Applied Metformin Gel 1% In Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia and is among the leading etiology of mortality globally among non-communicable illnesses. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of 1% metformin gel as a non-surgical treatment for stage I and II Grade B periodontitis cases with Type 2 diabetes. Patients and methods: This investigation was a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical, radiographic, and biochemical investigation conducted on fifteen cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus, stage I or II, grade B periodontitis, chosen from the outpatient clinic of the Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch. Results: In group I, the mean of malondialdehyde (MDA) baseline was 6.48, then decreased to 5.16 after two weeks, then increased to 6.09 after four weeks, while in group II, the mean of MDA baseline was 6.21, then decreased to 4.61 after two weeks, then increased to 4.99 after four weeks. In group I, the mean of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) baseline was 953.06, then decreased to 756.17 after two weeks, then increased to 857.00 after four weeks, while in group II, the mean of HMGB1 baseline was 956.18, then decreased to 744.82 after two weeks, then increased to 776.15 after four weeks. Conclusion: Diabetes-related periodontitis is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. with metformin gel improving periodontal parameters, reducing inflammation, and promoting bone regeneration in diabetic patients.
Hager Mostafa Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Fouad Edrees, Abdullah Ibrahim A. Rabbouh Ali
Evaluation of the Influence of Prunus Dulcis on the Blood Pressure Regulation in Hypertensive Individuals - A Comparative Study
Background: Hypertension, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and kidney failure, affects a large population globally. Dietary interventions, including the consumption of functional foods like Prunus dulcis (almonds), are gaining recognition for their role in managing hypertension due to their nutrient- dense composition. This study evaluates the effect of almond consumption on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. Methods: A case-control pilot study was conducted with 10 participants, divided into two groups: Group A (non-hypertensive, n=5) and Group B (hypertensive, n=5). Both groups consumed soaked almonds daily for one week. Blood pressure was recorded before and after the intervention, and statistical analysis was performed using the independent sample t-test. Results: Group B (hypertensive) demonstrated a more significant reduction in blood pressure, with an average systolic reduction of 6 mmHg and diastolic reduction of 14 mmHg. In contrast, Group A (non-hypertensive) showed minimal reductions. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Almond consumption showed potential antihypertensive effects, particularly in hypertensive individuals. These findings align with previous literature, highlighting almonds role in blood pressure regulation. Larger studies are recommended to validate these results and further explore the underlying mechanisms
Design and Formulation of Dual-Action Nanoparticles for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Suboptimal tumour targeting, systemic toxicity, and drug resistance are three of the major obstacles in cancer treatment. To improve accuracy of tumour targeting, effectiveness, and safety, dual-action nanoparticles combine two or more therapeutic processes onto one platform. Designing and formulating CS-g-PNIPAAm nanoparticles loaded with oxaliplatin is the main focus of this investigation. The nanoparticles release their medications preferentially in tumor-specific acidic and high-temperature settings, demonstrating thermo- and pH-responsiveness. High drug-loading efficiency (82.8%) and great stability with low damage to normal cells were obtained by the nanoparticles by direct loading and self-assembly procedures. Research in vitro has shown that compared to free medicines, they had better cytotoxicity against cancer cells, improved cellular absorption, and effective drug release under tumor-relevant circumstances. These results highlight the promise of dual-action nanoparticles for improving targeted cancer therapy and escaping the constraints of traditional therapies.
Santanu Mallik, Nakul Gupta, Pushkar Kumar Ray, Suraj Mandal, Akshay Mangavade, Jatin Sharma, Bharatbhusan Sahu, T. Naga Aparna
The impact of the predictive ability of accounting earnings on the cost of capital
The research aims to study the impact of the predictive ability of accounting profits on the cost of capital in companies listed on the Qatar Stock Exchange. To achieve The research aims to study the impact of the predictive ability of accounting profits othis goal, the researcher used the descriptive approach to analyze the published financial data of companies listed on the Qatar Stock Exchange, which number 37 companies during the period from 2019 to 2023. They were selected based on the availability of the necessary financial data. The researcher also used multiple statistical analysis methods, including multiple regression, to evaluate the relationship between the independent variable (predictive ability of profits) and the dependent variable (cost of capital). The study found a weakness in the level of predictive ability of profits in the companies under study. It also found an inverse significant relationship between the predictive ability of accounting profits and the cost of capital. The results showed that companies with high predictive ability have lower capital costs, which reflects investor confidence and reduces the degree of risk.
Adel Hussein Al-Obaid Al-Juwair, Dr. Mohamed Othman , Dr. Mohammed Al-Hamid
Topical Lipid-Based Nanosphere Delivery System for Enhanced Docetaxel Administration
Lipo-Nanospheres (LPNS) can increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble medicines as an alternative to traditional lipid-bioactive nanocarriers. This novel lipid carrier is characterized by inexpensive components with improving biocompatibility and drug release. The primary goal is to choose the best lipid matrix and transform these poorly soluble molecules into perhaps beneficial transdermal film ; by utilizing the new lipid nano carrier's capabilities of solubilize or disperse the drug in the solid lipid matrix internal core; then incorporated in polyvinyl alcohol transdermal film matrix . The drug used in this study was docetaxel(DCX) , which falls under Class IV of the Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) as a dissolution-limited drug. Emulsion melt dispersion was the most effective way to prepare DCX - LPNS. In conclusion, formula 9, which is made up of tristearin, hydrogenated soybean oil and 90G phospholipid, gave the best drug dissolution, which led to the biggest results over 24 hours (98.43±0.829) with a particle size of 156.09±9.564nm. Zeta potential -23.5, drug content 93.56±1.33 and drug loading capacity 6.59±0.04%, are a few advantages of the encapsulation technique ; improve the proper docetaxel incorporation within the lipo-nanosphere, while FESEM provides spherical particles with enhanced mechanical properties. Although FESEM and X-ray diffraction demonstrate that DCX was effectively contained in its amorphous form inside the LPNS. While the histological study determined the safety of the topical DCX-LPNS transdermal film, F12 with 10% PVA transdermal film matrix concentration produced the best sustained release in 24 hours, 89.84% with 90.8±0.19 drug content, transparent, flexible, and non-sticky appearance.
Maysam M. Abass , Shaima Nazar Abd Al Hammed
The impact hormonal changes in pregnancy & Lactation on periodontal health problems.
The study aims and throw the light on the adverse effects of pregnancy & lactation due to imbalance of hormones during gestational & lactation Period (Breast feeding) on general health and gingiva which consequently produces preeclampsia, beside preterm delivery, Vulva -vaginitis and low birth weight. Thus many pregnant women are going to be at risk of bulging gingiva and its swelling due to hormonal imbalance ,which increases during gestational period, whereas Breast feeding make the woman vulnerable at high risk of developing cavities, in the teeth and gum infection, since breast feeding Predispose women to loose 5% of their bone mass, due to the fact that their calcium is going to be transmitted to their infants. besides increases of estrogen and progesterone hormone, which are detected when the females do pregnancy test. Thus estrogen & progesterone are chief pregnancy hormones are to be produced more during one pregnancy than throughout her entire life when not pregnant. Moreover the increase of estrogen during pregnancy enables the uterus & placenta to improve vasealarization, which includes formation of blood vessels. (www.healthline.com). Besides changes related to child birth, hair skin and nails circulatory of respiratory and metabolic changes. Meanwhile pregnancy brings outcomes with a range of changes including effect on breast and Cervix, beside a variety of changes to her body from common & expect changes such as swelling of gingiva, fluid retention, to less familiar ones such as vision changes. Remind you a case control study was conducted & odd ratio is explored of a risk factors for pregnant & lactating women in comparison with non-pregnant and non-lactating women.
Intisar Kadhim, Nafi Aziz, Sabreen Abed, Safa Ali Saad Hussein, Raad Helmi
The Transition From Cash to Digital Wallets: A Paradigm Shift in the Indian Economy
Abstract Despite the growing adoption of digital payment methods in India, cash remains dominant for offline transactions. Traditional cash payments are gradually being replaced by innovative solutions such as the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), which emerged after debit and credit cards. Introduced by NPCI in 2016, UPI-enabled apps began appearing in app stores through collaborations with 21 member banks. The shift to cashless transactions is reflected in Statista's Consumer Insights surveys, which show a 13-percentage point decline in POS cash transactions from 2018 to 2024. Cash on Delivery (COD) payments for online purchases also dropped by 16 percentage points. However, 76% of respondents still relied on cash for transactions in 2018, revealing that cash holds relevance for its 'precautionary' and 'store-of-value' functions. This study explores the evolution of payment behaviour, the economic impact of digitalization, and how the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digital adoption. It also focuses on the problem of the proper ratio of cash and mobile payments and the latter's impact on the economy's development. The findings are made by literature analysis and survey questionnaires as the method applied belongs to the descriptive research area.
Dr. Sapna Sharma, Dr. Anamika, Anuradha, Sandeep Kapoor
The Role of Data-Driven Decision Making in Enhancing HR Analytics Effectiveness in the BFSI Sector
Data-driven decision-making improves the effectiveness of HR analytics which is very essential for the dynamic and competitive BFSI sector. HR functions are transformed by adopting advanced analytics tools and data insights which in turn enables strategic recruitment, workforce planning, and employee engagement. Predictive models and real-time analytics help to improve employee performance, and fill the skill gaps. This empowers HR professionals to make informed and proactive decisions. There is a significant role of data-driven practices that fosters compliance, improves diversity and inclusion, and mitigate operational risks. Data analytics enhances cost efficiency, productivity, and talent retention when aligned with HR strategies and organizational goals. The complex regulatory and operational environment of BFSI sector highlights the necessity of adopting a data-centric approach for sustained competitiveness. Study survey was conducted among 300 people from banking, finance and insurance sector to know the “Role of data-driven decision-making in enhancing HR analytics effectiveness in the BFSI sector” and concludes that there is significant Role of Data-Driven Decision Making in Enhancing HR Analytics Effectiveness.
Ms. Jolly Joseph, Dr. Mahendra Sharma, Dr. Suraj Shah
Implications of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Liver Function in Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial
Background: Many therapeutic strategies for protection against ischemic reperfusion and one of them is Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) which is an alternative to ischemic conditioning but it has not yet been extensively studied. While RIPC may attenuate myocardial injury during cardiac surgery, its beneficial effects on different organs are still unclear. We hypothesized that RIPC would improve postoperative liver function in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: 90 patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (study group, 45 patients) received RIPC, while Group B (control group, 45 patients) received a pseudo-RIPC. The primary outcome was RIPC on liver function, while secondary outcome was its effect on renal function. Results: There was an insignificant difference between the two groups regarding the primary outcome, measured by liver function tests (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), albumin, Bilirubin (total, direct, and indirect) or clinical indicators such as jaundice, encephalopathy, and bleeding tendency. With respect to renal function, there was an insignificant difference in serum level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine between the two groups, except for on the 3rd postoperative day as serum creatinine and BUN were significantly lower in the RIPC group. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that in adults undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery, RIPC did not provide a significant beneficial effect in terms of liver or renal function outcomes, except for significantly lower kidney function tests in the RIPC group on day three postoperatively.
Essam Sharkawy Abdallah, Mostafa Samy Abbas, Antonious Azer Basheer, Ahmed Mokhtar Fathy
The impact of artificial intelligence on human resource functions: a case study of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) In India.
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the domain of Human Resource Management (HRM) by enabling innovative approaches to workforce planning, talent acquisition, performance evaluation, and employee engagement. This case study explores the impact of AI on human resource functions at Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), one of India’s leading IT services firms. By leveraging AI-driven tools and technologies, TCS has enhanced its HR efficiency, reduced operational costs, and fostered employee satisfaction. The study investigates the practical implementation of AI in recruitment, training, and workforce analytics, as well as its implications for organizational culture and decision-making. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative data collected through interviews, reports, and employee feedback, the research highlights how AI has transformed traditional HR practices at TCS. The findings provide valuable insights for organizations seeking to adopt AI in their HR functions and underscore the challenges and opportunities associated with such a transition.
Dr. Neeraja kalluri, ,Dr. Tapen Gupta ,Arti Vaish ,Dr. Vijay Kumar Gowda B N ,Prashansa Purohit
IoT-Enabled Energy Management Systems For Sustainable Energy Storage: Design, Optimization, And Future Directions
Energy storage system (ESS) is essential for tackling energy issues, particularly in rural areas where sustainable, effective energy management is necessary. We aim at two main goals in this paper. As a first step, it understands and analyses key parameters that determine the state of health (SoH) of ESS for the better performance and endurance of ESS. Second, it presents an IoT-based framework for real-time monitoring and management of energy in order to optimize its usage and storage. This paper first analyses the factors affecting the SOH of energy storage systems such as charge-discharge cycle frequency, temperature cycle, and aging rate. These methods are examined using analytical approaches and simulations to assess and identify areas for optimization of the parameters. Simultaneously, an IoT-enabled framework is emerged such as sensors, communication protocols, and data analytics tools for real-time monitoring and efficacious energy management. The findings indicate the significance of SOH parameters with respect to energy storage performance and the potential for both design and structural optimizations leading to efficient operation of ESS. By predicting energy consumption and distributing load intelligently, the proposed IoT architecture shows more efficient energy utilization. Such integrated enhancement improves reliability and sustainability across energy systems. Finally, the paper highlights the need to monitor the states of health (SoH) parameters for each battery pack and combines the IoT to produce smarter energy management solutions. The results of this study may lead to the design of more efficient, sustainable energy storage systems — especially in the resource-poor rural environments.
Kapil Kumar Sharma, Dr. Pushpendra Kumar Verma, Puneet Garg,
Achievement Motivation and Stress of Highers Secondary School Students in Senapati District Manipur
Secondary education is a crucial period that plays a significant role in a student's academic and personal development. During this period, students face numerous challenges that can lead to stress as they strive to achieve their educational goals. The relationship between stress and achievement motivation is intricate in the student’s performance and well-being. Achievement motivation refers to an individual’s drive to pursue and achieve goals, particularly in academic contexts (Brunstein, J. C., & Heckhausen, H., 2018). Individual satisfaction and interest, along with external rewards like results, determine both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. As motivated students are more likely to set goals, adopt effective study habits, and persevere in the face of challenges, high levels of achievement lead to improved academic performance (Robbins et al., 2004; Plante et al., 2013). A better academic performance is always associated with a high level of achievement motivation. Motivated students are likelier to set goals and use effective study habits to persist through challenges. A substantial achievement motivation often adopts mastery rather than performance goals, which can lead to deeper learning and better student outcomes. Students with solid achievement motivation can benefit from a mastery-oriented approach that focuses on education and self-improvement with peers. This mindset not only improves students' academic performance but also aids them in managing stress more effectively (Mit.Edu, n.d). Encourage students to adopt a more resilient perspective, viewing challenges as chances for personal development instead of insurmountable hurdles. Therefore, nurturing achievement motivation can play a vital role in helping students direct the pressures of secondary education. Stress is a natural response to perceived challenges or threats. Secondary students can manifest numerous stressors in an academic setting, such as heavy workloads, high-stakes examinations, peer competition, and parent and teacher expectations (Pascoe, M. C., Hetrick, S. E., & Parker, A. G., 2019; Schiefele, U., 1991). This stressor can impact students’ lives both positively and negatively. Stress can negatively affect academic performance, lead to anxiety, reduce concentration, impair cognitive functioning, and hinder learning test performance (OECD, 2015; Cordero, J. M., Polo, C., & Simancas, R., 2022). Excessive stress may hamper academic achievement; a moderate level of stress, often referred to as eustress, can provide the necessary arousal to tackle academic challenges effectively (Pascoe, M. C., Hetrick, S. E., & Parker, A. G., 2019; Gobena, G. A., 2024). There are different levels of stress experienced by students with high achievement motivation. However, providing the necessary arousal and focus to tackle academic challenges can enhance stress. Conversely, providing the necessary arousal and focus to tackle academic challenges can enhance eustress. Motivated students are often more likely to employ effective strategies that can mitigate their impact on academic performance. Stress and achievement plays a crucial role in implementing strategies to support secondary students in managing stress and reinforcing their motivation. Schools can play a pivotal role by supporting a positive environment that promotes open communication about stress and mental health. Resources like stress management workshops, counselling services, and academic support can help students overcome challenges more effectively. The relationship between stress, achievement motivation, and academic achievement is remarkable. High achievement motivation leads to excellent educational outcomes and influences the student’s stress-coping experience. On the other hand, motivated students may handle stress more efficiently, leading to resilience; stress can impact academic performance. Ultimately, it is crucial for educators, parents, and policymakers to understand and address the interrelationship between achievement motivation, stress, and academic achievement, as it significantly impacts secondary students' academic performance.
Mairembam Sangita Devi, Dr. Konjengbam Rashitombi Devi, Dr. Langonjam Chingkheinganba Meitei, Dr. Ch. Beda Devi
Osteopontin as a Marker in Thyroid Diseases and Its Relation to Vascular Affection in These Patients.
Background: Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine problems worldwide. With a prevalence rate of 5%-10%. Osteopontin (OPN) is a plasma marker that implicated in many diseases and has been found to be involved in numerous pathological conditions, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis, biomineralization, cell viability and wound healing. Aim: To measure the osteopontin level in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and assess its relationship with plasma lipid levels and carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT). Methodology: Ninety subjects from Kasr - Aainy Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic were divided into 3 groups. Group (1) included 30 hypothyroid patients. Group (2) included 30 hyperthyroid patients and group (3) included 30 healthy controls. Lipid profiles, thyroid profile (TSH, FT4, FT3) and OPN level were analyzed, and carotid IMT was assessed. Results: The mean OPN level was significantly lower in the hypothyroid group (P< 0.001) and greater in the hyperthyroid group (P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between OPN and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and a positive correlation between FT3 and FT4 levels. A negative correlation was found between OPN and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol and TGs levels (P <0.001), and positive correlation between OPN and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the hypothyroid group (P value <0.001). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the OPN level and the IMT. Conclusions: Alterations in thyroid function and lipid profile cause changes in serum OPN level with no effect on IMT.
Heba Kamal Sedrak, Olfat Gamil Shaker, Mohamed Mady Mohamed Saied, Mai Galal Elshenoufy, Ahmed Ashraf Twakol Mansour, Marwa Sayed Eissa
Mechanical Ventilation Strategies of Suspected COVID-19 Patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Background: Paediatric patients with COVID-19 often require specialized mechanical ventilation (MV) approaches, particularly when presenting with respiratory complications. This work aimed to assess different ventilation strategies in pediatric intensive care for COVID-19 sufferes. Methods: A prospective work had been performed on 120 paediatric patients (1-72 months) admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, had been allocated into six groups depending on their clinical conditions and ventilation strategies: COVID-19-suspected on conventional MV (Group I) or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) (Group II), non-COVID ARDS on conventional MV (Group III) or HFOV (Group IV), and non-COVID/non-ARDS on conventional MV (Group V) or HFOV (Group VI). Results: COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher Oxygenation Index (OI) and Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI) compared to non-COVID groups. The PaO₂/FiO₂ (P/F) and SpO₂/FiO₂ (S/F) ratios were significantly lower in COVID-19 groups. The S/F ratio demonstrated predictive value for ventilation duration (cutoff >165, sensitivity 64%, specificity 60%) and mortality (cutoff >176, sensitivity 72%, specificity 64%). Conclusions: COVID-19 pediatric patients exhibit distinct ventilation parameters compared to non-COVID patients, with the S/F ratio serving as a potential indicator for ventilation duration and fatality.
Mohamed Mahmoud El-Ekhnawy , Ahmed Abd El Basset Abo Elezz , Mohamed Adel El-Tomy , Ahmed Ibrahim Harkan, Khaled Talaat Muhammad
Evaluation of Demographic and socioeconomic profile of SC villages of Meerut under SCSP Mobile Health Care Programme
Introduction: The paper aims to study human population in five selected areas of Scheduled caste (SC) dominated population in Meerut with respect to Socio demographic and health status by collecting the data on age, gender, education, caste, religion, marital status, occupation, addiction, dietary habits etc. which are important in the assessment of the demographic, socio- economic and health status of a population. Methodology: A team from Clinical Research Unit, Meerut conducted the Mobile Healthcare programme at five SC dominated villages in Meerut during February 2022 to March 2023. A questionnaire/screening form was used to evaluate demographic and socioeconomic elements during regular health examinations. Assessment of Mizaj (temperament) was done as per Unani parameters and free Unani treatment was provided to the needy individuals. Result and Conclusion: A total of 6097 patients were enrolled during this period. The study shows that more females as compared to males visited the mobile OPDs. The literacy rate was very low. Majority of the patients were either unemployed or unskilled labours. The temperament of the patients was either Balghami or Safravi. The most common ailments found in the patients were arthritis, gastric problems, respiratory diseases and skin disorders.
Mohammad Tariq Khan, Farah Ahmed, Mohammad Waseem, Ayshah Hashimi ,Mohd Naseem, Shagufta Parveen
Evaluation of Oral Health Awareness and Practices among Dental Students in Different Stages of Training at Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital Navi Mumbai
Background: Dental students are expected to serve as role models for oral health, influencing their patients, families, and communities. Their attitudes and behaviors evolve with education, reflecting their knowledge and clinical exposure. This study examines oral health attitudes and behaviors among dental students at Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, across different academic years, focusing on educational impact and knowledge gaps. Objective: To evaluate self-reported oral health attitudes and behaviors among dental students and compare differences across preclinical and clinical years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI) and Spalj's questionnaire. Approximately 400 dental students and interns participated. Data were analyzed for significant differences in behaviors and attitudes based on academic year using p-values (<0.05). Results: Significant Improvements: Clinical-year students reported better knowledge of brushing techniques (p=0.00), increased use of interdental aids (floss, p=0.00; toothpick, p=0.003; mouthwash, p=0.001), and proactive responses to gum bleeding (p=0.01). Behavioral Patterns: Two-thirds of students brushed twice daily, aligning with global norms. Concerns about gum aesthetics (67%) and bad breath (64%) were higher compared to international peers. Persistent Gaps: Knowledge of interdental aids and smoking’s impact on gum disease remained insufficient. Discussion: The study reaffirms the influence of dental education on oral health attitudes and behaviors. Current trends, such as the integration of technology, emphasis on preventive care, and cultural factors, were considered. While significant progress was observed in clinical years, gaps in specific areas highlight opportunities for curriculum enhancement. Conclusion: Oral health attitudes and behaviors improve with education, but targeted interventions are needed to address persistent deficits. By integrating preventive care training, behavioral models, and technology, dental education can produce graduates who are competent practitioners and advocates of oral health.
Dr. Priyanka Shitole, Dr. Varsha Rathod, Dr Prajakta Rao, Dr. Nilesh Joshi, Dr. Prakash Talreja, Dr. Nimisha Nandanan
Examining the Role of Social Space in the Competitiveness of Sports Press Using a Structural Equation Modeling Approach
The purpose of this research was to investigate the Role of Social Space in Sports Press Competitiveness: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. The statistical population of the research was administrators and bloggers in the field of online media, research activists in the field of media and sports press, sports reporters and sports writers, and managers of media and sports press. Sampling was done in a targeted manner and using the judgment and Rezazadeh approach, 130 people were estimated, and finally 126 questionnaires were completed and analyzed. Ten scientific and executive experts were asked to evaluate content validity. Then, the combined reliability and validity of the construct was checked and confirmed in the final stage using PLS software. The results of the factor analysis of the structures of each of the 8 main variables showed that all the components have a significant explanatory role. The path analysis also showed that the relationships between 8 main variables in a sequence of five levels (background variables of sports press competition in online space, factors related to the role of online space for sports press, systemic factors of sports press competitiveness in online space and outcome variables of competition) Acceptability of sports press in the online space) from independent variables to dependent variables is positive and significant and the conceptual model has a favorable fit. It should be acknowledged that according to today's documents and evidence, the competition of the sports press in the online space is inevitable, and the sports press should know that the society has been pushed towards the media and the digital space and the existing social networks, and the sports audience and other sports enthusiasts in this area constitute the majority of people in the society.
Seyed Amin Dehghan Benadaki, Fatemeh Abdavi , Mohammad Rasul Khodadadi, Hamid Qasmi
Materials and Methods: This study employed the ADDIE model, which is a systematic and iterative framework commonly used to guide the instructional design process. The ADDIE model comprises five main phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The model provides comprehensive educational content on key topics, such as prohibited substances, doping test procedures, Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE), and health risks associated with doping. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of an educational program to improve knowledge and compliance with anti-doping standards. Results: The results indicated a significant increase in athletes' awareness and understanding of anti-doping issues after engaging in the educational content. This model serves as an effective tool for promoting anti-doping awareness and preventing doping violations in sports. Conclusion: This paper discusses the implications of incorporating digital tools for educational purposes in sports, particularly the potential of mobile applications to increase the accessibility and impact of anti-doping education across diverse athletic populations.
Zaini Kadhafi Saragih, Junaidi, Samsudin
Morphological & Molecular Identification of Some Oligochaete Species (Annelida – Clitellata) as a New Record for Iraq
Megadrili oligochaete samples were collected from different sites on the middle sector of Euphrates River sediment ̸ Iraq. Sediment texture, pH and sediment organic matter percentage were also measured. The sorted worms were identified morphologically and by molecular analyses. For molecular identification, 18srRNA gene was amplified via PCR using the universal primer, and the gene sequences were obtained from pheretimoid species and compared for similarity using BLAST at NCBI site and deposited in Gen Bank with assigned accession numbers. The generated and alternate homologous sequences adapted from the Gen Bank database were uploaded in MEGA-X 10.1 version 39 for alignment. Morphologically the worms were identified according to specialized keys, described and the taxonomic criteria for each species were photographed. The result revealed that the sediment texture range between loam to clay loam with 3-13 % organic matters and pH 7.3-7.8. Three species of megadrile oligochaete were identified including, three individuals of species Bimastos eiseni Levinsen, 1884. The gene sequence of this species was uploaded to Gen Bank with accession number LC807036. The second identified species was Haplotaxis gorioides Hartman, 1821 five individuals were collected, its gene sequences was uploaded to the gene bank with accession number of LC807034. Finally, Metaphire houlleti Perrier, 1872. Two individuals were collected; its gene sequences were uploaded to the gene bank with accession number of LC807033 This is the first record of these species in Iraq.
Transformative Deep Learning Approaches For Accurate Detection Of Heart Abnormalities
Heart abnormalities remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating the development of precise diagnostic tools. This study explores the application of deep learning, a transformative approach in artificial intelligence, to enhance the detection of cardiac irregularities. Utilizing convolutional and recurrent neural networks, the proposed framework analyzes electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and medical imaging data to accurately identify arrhythmias, structural heart diseases, and other anomalies. Comprehensive experimentation on benchmark datasets demonstrates the model's robustness, scalability, and potential for integration into clinical practice. The findings underscore deep learning's promise as a non-invasive, efficient, and reliable solution for improving heart disease diagnosis and patient care
Farana Mohammed Imran, Lokesha, Naveen Nagesh Prabhu, Nagesha, Thanoj Shetty, Melwin D Souza
AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF ATTENTION MECHANISMS IN BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION: EXPLORING DIVERSE ATTENTION MODALITIES
Abstract. Brain tumors pose a significant challenge in medical diagnosis, requiring accurate and timely detection for optimal patient treatment. While traditional imaging methods have their advantages, they lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity, prompting the investigation of advanced computational approaches. This research examines the effectiveness of different attention mechanisms in improving the detection of brain tumors to enhance diagnostic accuracy, while also addressing challenges like the need for diverse datasets and model interpretability. The Visual Transformer model achieves an impressive accuracy of 96%, while the Multi-head Attention model shows slightly lower precision and recall but still maintains a respectable accuracy of 93.6%. The Luong Attention model performs moderately well at 89%, and both the Additive Attention and Self-Attention models achieve around 93-94% accuracy across the dataset. These results highlight the potential of the Visual Transformer model to transform the field of brain tumor detection. Nevertheless, further investigation and optimization of alternative models are essential. Attention mechanisms offer a promising approach to improving brain tumor detection, with the potential to have a significant impact on patient care and outcomes. Continued research in this area has the potential to enhance diagnostic capabilities and ultimately improve patient outcomes in the field of brain tumor detection.
Gurpreet Singh , Amit Chhabra , And Ajay Mittal
Simultaneous Quantification of Luteolin and Curcumin in Herbal Supplements Using RP-HPLC for Addressing Nutritional Deficiencies.
Background: Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds, primarily secondary metabolites, contributing to their therapeutic and nutritional properties. Moringa oleifera and Curcuma longa are widely recognised for their high nutritional value, with luteolin (a flavonoid) and curcumin (a polyphenol) as their primary active constituents. These compounds possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, effectively addressing nutritional deficiencies. Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneously estimating luteolin and curcumin in herbal formulations used for nutritional supplementation. Methods: Herbal tablet and granule formulations containing Moringa oleifera and Curcuma longa extracts were prepared. The RP-HPLC method was optimized and validated according to ICH guidelines, evaluating parameters such as precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness. The formulations' physicochemical parameters were also assessed. Results: The developed RP-HPLC method demonstrated excellent precision, accuracy, and linearity for simultaneously estimating luteolin and curcumin. The herbal formulations exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties, and the presence of luteolin and curcumin in significant quantities was confirmed. Conclusion: The validated RP-HPLC method provides a reliable and robust approach for the quality control and standardization of herbal formulations containing luteolin and curcumin. These formulations show potential as effective nutritional supplements, suitable for all age groups, supporting their use in addressing nutritional deficiencies.
Dr. Karavadi Thejomoorthy, Deshpande Padmanabh Bhagwan, Sheela Shivaji Thorat, Dr. Mausami Chandrakantbhai Vaghela, Sneha B. Surkar, Junmoni Nath, Richa Saxena
“The Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Indian Taxes and Customs”
The integration of AI into tax systems represents a significant transformation in how tax authorities manage data, ensure compliance, and interact with taxpayers. This shift is not merely about adopting new technologies but has the potential to reshape the tax landscape in ways equal to the broader digital revolution impacting global economies. However, meaningful progress in AI hinges on identifying practical applications rather than being driven solely by technological enthusiasm. Through advanced machine learning techniques, AI enhances data analytics by predicting future trends based on historical data. This allows businesses to identify potential compliance issues before they arise. Nonetheless, challenges such as the need for large, well-organized data sets and concerns over privacy must be addressed before AI can be fully integrated into tax systems. In response to a complex and evolving regulatory environment, tax authorities and advisors are increasingly using advanced data analytics and AI to streamline compliance processes and provide comprehensive support to a diverse range of clients and taxpayers. The introduction of automated technology into the tax field brings innovative solutions to common tax challenges. This research examined the factors influencing AI adoption and the barriers to its implementation, specifically within the context of Indian taxation and customs, to explore the future of AI development in this sector.
Dr. R.Vennila, Dr. Pooja Kumari, Dr. Sudha B.S, Dr. Srividhya. G
Phytochemical estimation, in-vitro antioxidant and mutagenic activity of selected common agricultural weed plants
Weed plants are good source of herbal phyto pharmaceuticals because they contained several medicinal activities such antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antipruritic, antioxidant activities. In present study the hydroalcholic extract of 8 common agricultural weed plants of Indian subcontinental eg. Fumaria indica, Celosia argentea, Chenopodium album, Corchorus olitorius, Digera muricata, Cyperus rotundus, Achyranthes aspera, and Cynodon dactylon were tested for their antioxidant and mutagenic activity. The qualitative phytochemical estimation of all plant extracts were also performed. Antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH assay and mutagenic activity and cytotoxic activity was tested by salmonella typhemurium reverse mutagen assay (AMES assay) Quantitative phytochemical estimation of all tested weed plant showed the presence of all common secondary metabolites which are responsible for their medicinal activities. Out of all tested 8 common weed plants Cyperus rotundus showed highest in vitro antioxidant activity (IC50- 676.18 µg/ml) in DPPH assay and all selected weed plants not showed mutagenic activity on all tested doses (10, 33, 100, 333, and 1000 μg/dish) in AMES assay.
Anil Kumar Meena, Monisha Banergee and S. K. Rath
Sensorial and Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Based Vegan Ice-cream
Background: Vegan foods are commonly preferred by the consumers with lactose intolerance and who are highly prone to allergic for animal sourced proteins. Along with condition specific preference, demand for vegan foods by other sector of consumers has also positively skewed with the substantial demand. This cumulative demand has portrayed the long-term sustainability of vegan products in the market. Amongst the vegan products, ice-cream devoid of animal source is gaining more popularity as an alternative choice for conventional ice-cream. At the same time millets are gaining more importance due to their inbuilt nutraceutical and nutrition quality. Hence, with this background present study was undertaken with an objective to develop pearl millet based vegan ice-cream with different variations. Methods: A total of two variations with pearl millet were developed and compared with control. All the developed products were subjected for sensory evaluation, nutritional and phytochemical quality assessment with antinutritional property evaluation. Results: Sensory evaluation revealed that both variations have the comparable sensory scores as compared to control ice-cream. However, higher acceptability score was observed for PMVI 1 pearl millet based vegan ice cream variation followed by PMVI 2. Significant difference was observed in the proximate composition of all the three products including control. The protein concentration in the control sample was revealed to be higher than other two variations which were observed to be 2.86 and 3.48 g/100 in PMVI 1 and 2 respectively. Tannin and phytic acid content were found to be high in PMVI1 compared to the control and PMVI 2. Polyphenol content in PMVI1 found to be on par with PMVI 2 variation. From the sensory score, nutritional quality and phytochemical evaluation report, it was revealed that PMVI 1 ice-cream is best alternative choice to the control ice-cream.
Indhumathi K, Nisarga N, Netravathi Hiremath, Pooja Anudhar G
A REVIEW ON FOOD BORNE ILLNESS CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCAL AUREUS
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that may produce a variety of toxins causing food poisoning and various infections in animals and humans. Food poisoning due to bacterial toxins can caused by the ingestion of exotoxins, which are preformed in the food, or by the ingestion of food contain large numbers of bacterial cells which then release endotoxins in the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenic microorganism of public health importance that may be transmitted through contaminated food. Due to its multidrug resistance and virulence, staphylococcus aureus has become a major concern to public health and food safety in many countries. Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of food containing enterotoxins produced by some strains of staphylococcus aureus. Hemolysis is one of the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. It is said that staphylococcus aureus may produce three hemolysin designated as Alpha, Beta, Gamma. Staphylococcus is a very common organism capable of producing several enterotoxins (SEs) that cause intoxication symptoms of varying intensity in humans when ingested through contaminated food. Genes encoding hemolysin were amplified with specific primers by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The aim of the present review is to obtain the comprehensive understanding of the causes of toxins, a long list of toxin effects and role of hemolysin in the pathogenesis and different biochemical and immunological methods used for detection.
Afshan Jabeen, Dr Kamalraj Mohan Dr Mir Akaram Ali Suresh Arumugam
Impact of Microfinance Institutions on Poverty Alleviation Among Women in Developing Countries: A Descriptive Analysis
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) play a critical role in alleviating poverty among women in developing countries, addressing systemic financial exclusion through accessible, collateral-free loans. This descriptive study analyzes MFIs’ impact on women’s economic and social empowerment, focusing on income growth, asset creation, and social mobility in countries like Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Utilizing secondary data up to June 2024 from sources such as the World Bank, ILO, Grameen Bank, and India’s MoHUA, the study examines loan disbursement patterns, repayment rates, and challenges, including high interest rates (20–30%), digital literacy gaps, and rural-urban disparities. In India, government schemes like PM SVANidhi, Mudra Yojana, and Stand-Up India bolster MFI outcomes, supporting 46.2 lakh women micro-entrepreneurs. Case studies of women like Fatima Begum (Bangladesh) and Radha Devi (India) highlight tangible impacts, such as 20% income increases and enhanced household decision-making. Charts illustrate borrower demographics, loan utilization (50% for micro-enterprises), and scheme reach. Findings reveal that MFIs serve 112 million women globally, generating $150 per $100 loaned, though barriers like documentation and social constraints persist. The study proposes policy measures, including interest rate caps and digital training, to enhance gender-inclusive poverty alleviation, offering scalable insights for informal economies and sustainable development.
Mrs. Kadambari Vikrant Agaskar, Dr. Ketan Vira
Case Report Management of Halitosis Patient Halitophobia and Pseudo Halitosis Condition at Halitosis Care Center Siti Hajar Hospital Medan
Halitosis or bad breath not only causes complaints in sufferers but also disturbs people around them. This situation can cause a decrease in a person's quality of life, such as feeling embarrassed, lacking self-confidence, and difficulty interacting socially. The classification of halitosis consists of true halitosis, pathological halitosis, and halitophobia. To resolve patient complaints, management methods must be differentiated. This case report describes two types of halitosis cases, namely Halitophobia and Pseudo Halitosis at the Halitosis Care Center at Siti Hajar Hospital, Medan. This study aims to determine the management of halitophobia with pseudo-halitosis. In the first case, a patient with a diagnosis of pathological halitosis, poor OHIS, and a VSC score: of 1164 ppb underwent scaling root planning (TN3), tooth filling 36 46 (TN4), mouthwash, and administration of probiotics. In the second case, a patient with a diagnosis of halitophobia with a VSC gas level of 345 ppb underwent treatment (TN1) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Management of halitosis must be by treatment needs, including intraoral examination, history taking, and education.
Acute Normovolemic Haemodilution In Patients Undergoing Lumbosacral Spine Surgeries
Introduction: Extensive surgical procedures, like lumbosacral spine surgeries, involve significant blood loss, and increasing reliance on homologous blood transfusion, which carries risks such as infections, immunosuppression, and transfusion reactions. Acute Normovolemic Haemodilution (ANH), a blood conservation strategy, offers a safer and cost-effective alternative by withdrawing the patient’s blood preoperatively, maintaining normovolemia with crystalloids or colloids, and reinfusing fresh blood intraoperatively. Methodology: This randomized control study included 60 patients undergoing elective lumbosacral spine surgeries, divided equally into Group HBT (Homologous Blood Transfusion) and Group ANH (Acute Normovolemic Haemodilution). Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, MAP), haematological indices (haemoglobin, haematocrit), coagulation profiles (platelet count, aPTT, INR), electrolyte levels, and blood loss were monitored pre-, intra-, and post-operatively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v20.0, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results:Hemodynamic parameters: At the end of ANH, Group ANH showed a significant decrease in systolic (8%) and diastolic blood pressure (7%) compared to Group HBT (p<0.05), with MAP also falling significantly (p<0.05) but clinically manageable. Haematological changes: Haemoglobin decreased by 1.1 g/dL in Group ANH versus 0.8 g/dL in Group HBT (p<0.05), while haematocrit fell 2.9% versus 1.9%, respectively. Blood loss and EABL: Group ANH had a significantly higher Estimated Allowable Blood Loss (701.8 ± 151 ml) compared to Group HBT (487.1 ± 126 ml) (p<0.001), though actual blood loss was similar (p>0.05). Coagulation and electrolytes: No significant differences were observed in coagulation profiles (aPTT, INR) or electrolyte levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: ANH is a safe, feasible, and effective technique for reducing homologous transfusion requirements in spine surgeries. It ensures hemodynamic stability, increases allowable blood loss, and has minimal impact on coagulation and electrolyte balance.
Sathiyanarayanan. S , Dr. Venkatramanaih , R. Annamalai d,, Murali Manoj. M
An Anthropometric Study of Inferior Articular Facet of Atlas Vertebra and its Clinical Significance.
Introduction: Atlas vertebra helps in complex biomechanical movements of the skull along with weight transmission of skull to spine. Vital centers of the medulla oblongata can get compressed by a dislocation or instability of the atlantoaxial joint. Recent developments in fixation technologies and minimally invasive surgical approaches have encouraged to knowing of various dimensions of atlas vertebrae which is very important for the development of instrumentation related to atlas vertebrae. Aim: To determine mean values of the following parameters bilaterally-Length of inferior articular facet (maximum Antero-Posterior (AP) Diameter), width of inferior articular facet (maximum transverse diameter). Materials and Methods: This morphometric study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, SGRRU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; In the time period from year 2020 to 2024, and included a total 120 dry, adult human atlas vertebrae of unknown age and gender which were examined for width and length of inferior articular facet on each side, in various medical colleges of North India. All dimensions were measured in bilateral manner using Digital Vernier Calliper. Results: The mean length or AP dimension of the inferior articular facet on right and left side were 18.39 ±2.83 and 17.91 ±2.19 mm. respectively, the width or transverse dimension of the inferior articular facet on right and left side were 15.12±1.36 and 15.04±1.41mm. respectively. Conclusion: The observations of present study helps in improving understanding of bony dimensions of inferior articular facet of atlas vertebra which could facilitate diagnosis and preoperative planning of atlantoaxial joint dysfunction.
Dr. Fatima Begum, Dr. Harmeet Kaur , Dr. Nidhi Sharma, Dr. Sadakat Ali
Biomarkers in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: Insights into Diagnosis and Prognosis of Peri-Implant Diseases.
Background: Peri-implant diseases, including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, present substantial challenges in the field of dental implantology. Biomarkers found in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) have shown promise as tools for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of these conditions. Objective: This review seeks to assess the existing evidence on PICF biomarkers and their potential role in diagnosing and managing peri-implant diseases. Methods: A detailed search of PubMed was conducted to identify articles published between 2010 and 2024. From an initial pool of 134 studies, 50 were reviewed for relevance, and 14 met the inclusion criteria, focusing on PICF biomarkers for detecting and predicting peri-implant disease progression. Results: The studies reviewed identified various PICF biomarker categories, such as inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α), markers of bone remodeling (e.g., RANKL, OPG), oxidative stress markers (e.g., malondialdehyde), and emerging biomarkers (e.g., SIRT1). These biomarkers demonstrated varying degrees of sensitivity and specificity, with fluctuations in their levels reflecting disease activity and treatment response. Such findings highlight their potential in tailoring patient care. Conclusion: PICF biomarkers offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms, diagnosis, and prognosis of peri-implant diseases. While advancements have been made, further large-scale, longitudinal research is needed to validate these biomarkers and enable their routine application in clinical practice.
Dr. Neta Samnam Dr. Madhu Singh Ratre Dr. Shaleen Khetarpal Dr. Manish Verma Dr. Shreyansh Ahirwar Dr. Rupali Saroshe
A Case Control Study of Oxidative Stress in A Sample of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Background: The relationship between depression and oxidative stress is considered bidirectional as both conditions can affect each other. The presence of depression increases the magnitude of oxidative stress state and therefore the morbidities associated with this state. The aim of this work was to prove the importance of early detection and management of mild to moderate depression (MMD) and to highlight the importance of family physician’s role in depression screening. Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 45 patients aged from 18 to 45 years old, both sexes, diagnosed with depression according to diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders V criteria (Group 1) and 45 healthy control subjects matched for age and sex without history of psychiatric disorders or chronic medical disease (group 2). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and super oxide dismutase (SODs) were measured in all patients. Psychometric measurements were done through Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) 1996 (appendix 1), symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) Arabic version (SCL90), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Arabic version and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: LDL was significantly higher in Group 1than Group 2. SODs were significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2. There was a negative correlation between Oxidized LDL and SCL- obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and between SODs and (SCL hostility and SCL psychoticism). There was a positive correlation between SODs and (SCL somatization and paranoia). STAI and SCL score interpretation were significantly higher in negative group than positive group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The severity of oxidative stress state was not correlated to severity of depression. This study's results go in concomitance with previous studies' results regarding the proven association between MMD and oxidative stress state, lack of association between degree of severity of both conditions, and the confirmed association of anxiety trait to oxidative stress state.
Lamiaa Adel Abd Elmoneim, Samar Saad Mohamed, Eman Ismail Raslan, Salsabil Abo Al-Azayem, Hoda Abdou Hussein, Inas Talaat Elsayed
Design And Synthesis Of Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Drug Delivery Systems For Targeted Cancer Therapy: Exploring The Role Of Green Chemistry And AI-Driven Molecular Modelling
In order to determine the localisation in the breast cancer model system, the newly created polymeric Poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL)/pluronic F108 nanoparticles loaded with an anticancer medication and near infrared (NIR) dye are prepared, characterised, and applied in this study. The nanoprecipitation approach was used to create poly-ʛ-caprolactone (PCL)/pluronic F108-based nanoparticles loaded with docetaxel and NIR dye,"1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetra methyl indotri carbocyanine iodide (DiR)". Numerous physicochemical techniques, such as size distribution, zeta potential, surface morphology, loading capacity, drug entrapment efficiency, differential scanning calorimetry, in vitro release, and kinetics, were then used to characterise this formulation. The anticancer effectiveness of the nanoparticles was assessed using in vitro cell proliferation tests of human breast cancer BT-474 cells. The contribution of pluronic F108 to the uptake of the nanoparticles by cells was also assessed. Noninvasive infrared dye imaging was used to investigate the localisation of drug- and NIR dye-loaded nanoparticles at the tumour location. The optimised nanoparticle formulation had a zeta potential of -7.37 mV ± 4.93 mV, a particle size of 100-300 nm, and a polydispersity index of 0.156. Diffusion-mediated drug release was suggested by the nanoparticle system's drug release, which followed Higuchi kinetics. According to DSC measurements, the medication in the nanoparticle formulation is either in an amorphous or disordered crystalline state. The potential of PCL/F108 nanoparticles as an enhanced targeted drug delivery method is indicated by their higher accumulation in vivo.
Manisha Masih Singh, B. Vasuki, Suchitra Mishra, Nidhi Mittal, Tamalika Chakraborty, Navdeep Kaur, Neha Sharma
Physiochemical Analysis and Extraction of Anacardic Acid in Cashew Apple Vengurla 4, vengurla 7 Varieties: Chemical Profiling
The physiochemical parameters significantly influence cashew apples and while rheological characteristics are pivotal in operational standardization from pulping to product development. This study elucidates the physiochemical dynamics in two Indian cashew apple varieties (‘Vengurla 4’, ‘Vengurla 7’). Analysis encompassed moisture content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, protein content, fibre content, ash content, and ascorbic acid content. Results indicated similar physicochemical parameters in cashew apple varieties. Concurrently, moisture and ash content exhibited a lower trend in ‘Vengurla 4’ variety compared to ‘Vengurla 7’ variety, while fibre content, protein content, sugar content levels lower compared to ‘Vengurla 4’ variety. Moreover, extraction of Anacardic Acid (AnAc) in cashew apple by chemical, enzymatic, and ultra-technique method. Employing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for chemical profiling of AnAc samples were investigated. HPLC analysis delineated alterations in cardol, cardanol and AnAc levels C15:3, C15:2 and C15:1, emphasizing varietal differences. Understanding this importance of AnAc is imperative for development of new products and value addition in the food quality. Intriguingly, fully ripe mango pulp demonstrated varied sugar concentrations, with glucose, fructose, and sucrose exhibiting notable variability across ripened mangoes.
Sanjay H. Talware, Gurunath V. Mote, Prathapan K. Pillai, Saubai B. Wakshe
Deep Learning for Biodiversity: Multiclass Animal Image Recognition
Abstract: Abstract- Human-Animal Conflict presents serious problems including threats to human life and resource loss, which calls for careful monitoring and preventive actions. This work aims to create an advanced animal detection and identification system leveraging motion-triggered cameras, sometimes referred to as camera traps, images obtained. Poor contrast between animals and cluttered backgrounds as well as high false-positive rates brought on by dynamic backgrounds cause existing techniques to suffer with low detection rates. We propose a two-stage approach to overcome these difficulties: first, using advanced image processing techniques to generate animal object region proposals; second, using artificial intelligence (AI) methods for detection and classification. The system validates region proposals and accurately identifies animals using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), and CNN. The suggested system finds use in animal intrusion detection in industrial settings close to residential areas, agricultural fields, factories, and avoidance of animal-vehicle collisions. This method seeks to raise detection accuracy and dependability, so supporting more effective and safer methods of human-animal coexistence.
Arshad Rafiq Khan, Dr. Poonam Dev, Dr. S.Narsaiah, Dr. Yashwant Singh Sangwan,Dr. Deepak Chandra Uprety, Dr. Sharvan Kumar Garg
A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Incarceration in Popular Media: Understanding the Emotional, Mental, and Physical Struggles of Prisoners.
Introduction: This paper delves into how incarcerated individuals are portrayed in mainstream media, particularly focusing on the emotional, mental, and physical trauma they endure while imprisoned. Objectives: By examining two films and two television shows from each country, this study explores how media influences our perception of incarceration and highlights the diverse impacts of imprisonment on individuals. Methods: Using a narrative analysis approach, the research compares depictions of prisoners across media from five distinct cultural contexts: the United States, the United Kingdom, India, Pakistan, and South Korea. The aim of the current research is to uncover common threads as well as cultural differences in how trauma is represented. Results: Findings of this research suggest that, while themes of violence, isolation, and psychological strain dominate across cultures, the way these struggles are portrayed is shaped by the social, political, and cultural values are unique to each society. Conclusions: Through these narratives, one understands how media plays an important role in shaping public perceptions of the criminal justice system and the human cost of incarceration, urges viewers to reflect on the moral and ethical implications of punishment.
Monika Kureel, Nirmala Singh Rathore, Prakriti Sushmita
Oral Rehabilitation of a patient with Osteoporosis - Case Report
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that has emerged as a major health problem affecting mostly in the postmenopausal women and older individuals. In osteoporosis, there is an imbalance between the bone formation and bone resorption where in, there is an increase in resorption. It even affects the jaw bones making a challenging task for the prosthetic rehabilitation. Here, we present a case report of rehabilitation of an osteoporosis case of 65-year-old woman presented at the Centre of Dental Medicine. A removable partial denture was created for the lower jaw to enhance stability, and a metal clasp was incorporated for additional reinforcement. The fixed prosthetic components were securely bonded to the prepared tooth surfaces using glass ionomer cement.
Dr. Neeraj Trehan, Dr. Palvideet Kaur, Dr Toni Onsy Ghabrial Shenoda, Dr Vidhit Bansal, Dr. Zainab Taher Tayeb, Dr. Simrandeet Kaur
Current Practices and Future Perspectives in Endodontics: A Review
Endodontics involves the exploration and application of both fundamental and clinical sciences related to the biology of healthy dental pulp. It also addresses the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries affecting the dental pulp, as well as related periradicular conditions. The field of endodontics has seen remarkable advancements over the past ten years, significantly enhancing the quality of dental care provided to patients. Exploring the various facets of endodontic principles while addressing specific challenges can significantly enhance its advancement, particularly with the benefits brought about by innovations in research and technology. At present, research into both cell-free and cell-based approaches for pulp tissue regeneration is still confined to the preclinical stage. The future of pulp tissue regeneration appears promising, rooted in the foundational concepts of stem cell-driven pulp tissue engineering. This article examines the significant advancements poised to transform endodontics, alongside the challenges that, when addressed, could solidify its future trajectory.
Implementing the American Dental Association’s Caries Risk Assessment Tool in a Developing Country - A Cross-Sectional Study.
Introduction – Detection of onset of dental caries at an early age is necessary to prevent further tooth decay and consequent complications. Among several models available for identifying individuals with dental carries in near future, the American Dental Association (ADA) Caries risk assessment (CRA) questionnaire provides a simple yet effective approach without the need of special tools to identify dental caries risk. The purpose of this study was to categorize selected patients into the three different risk categories (high, moderate, and low risk) by using the ADA CRA forms for two groups: 0-6 years and above 6 years of age. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out among selected patients from various pediatric clinics in Mumbai, India, with 50 patients in 0-6 years and 58 patients above 6 years. The ADA questionnaire was used for collection of demographic data along with information on fluoride exposure, sugar consumption, general health and clinical conditions of the patients. Results- In the 0-6 age group, 52% (26) patients fell under high-risk category. Among the 26 high-risk patients, 84.61% (22) showed presence of high-risk clinical conditions. Remainder 40% and 8% of patients in the group were in moderate and low risk category respectively. In the above 6 years age group, 37.93% (22) patients fell under high-risk category. 31.03% patients each were in moderate and low risk category. Conclusion: Periodic monitoring for signs of caries progression and active measures individualized to the patient’s risk level should be carried out by parents and oral health professionals to reduce cariogenic environment and monitor possible caries progression. Practical implication - The parents need to be educated regarding the negative impact of frequent consumption of carbohydrates and the importance of fluoride exposure in caries development.
Dr. Arpita Sutaria, Dr. Asish Kumar Barui, Dr. Sujit Pradhan
Psychological stress Assessment among dental students: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Background: Dental student faces stress from various sources included academic and socio cultural factors. Research studies have shown that dental students are experiencing mental stress and it has a significant impact on their overall health. Dental students have reported negative effect of stress beginning in undergraduate studies period. The various predisposing factors have been identified and determined. The aim of our study was to determine and compare stress among dentists of different year students, from First year till post graduation. Methods: A cross-sectional study took place from 2023 to March 2024, involving 114 dental students in total. The data is collected from five dental colleges in India and seven dental colleges in Iran. It includes first year students, second year students, third year students, final year students, internship students and post graduate students. Stress levels were assessed through a questionnaire administered via Google Forms to ensure anonymity and privacy. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Version 26. Results: In the participant pool, female students constituted 69 in number with 60.52%, 45 males with 39.47%, all of them experienced psychological stress. 48.94% students ignore their diet in their routine life. Students getting anger very easily are 52.42%. 35.56% students have set unrealistic goals in their life. 51.17% students experienced not to find the humor in situations others find funny. Only 54.08 % students get irritated very easily. Majority of the students click yes in the box showing 51.31% students neglect their emotions. 60.21% students have selected that they are neglecting exercise. The individuals with no supportive relationship are 70.45%. 41.43% participants are not taking proper sleep due to their lifestyle. 76.19% subjects do not like to wait in their life. Only 49.07% subjects ignore the sign of stress they are bearing. 34.28% participants often think there is not only one right way to do something. Most of the subjects do not live in past, only 38.43% are still thinking about their past experiences. 56.68% participant’s think they race through the day. 47.57% students feel unable to cope with all you have done in their life. Conclusion: Stress is more experienced by third year undergraduates Overall stress levels, predominantly slight to moderate, were notably less in final year students.
Harpreet Singh Attwal ,Azin Mohseni Kabir, Sujit Pradhan
A Case Report Of Anasthesia Management For Teeth Extraction In A Patient With Sjogren Syndrome
Sjogren's syndrome, which is recognized as one of the most prevalent autoimmune disorders affecting individuals, exhibits a notable tendency towards a higher incidence among females, thereby indicating a significant gender disparity in its prevalence. The pathological decrease in salivary secretion associated with this particular condition results in a heightened susceptibility to the development of dental caries, a situation that underscores the importance of vigilant dental care and monitoring in affected patients. This case report meticulously outlines the comprehensive clinical summary of a 65-year-old female patient who possesses a well-documented medical history indicative of Sjogren's syndrome, for whom a successful administration of general anesthesia was executed for teeth extraction, thereby highlighting the complexities and considerations involved in managing such patients during surgical procedures. The successful execution of this anesthesia not only reflects the importance of understanding the implications of Sjogren's syndrome on overall health but also emphasizes the need for tailored anesthetic approaches that consider the unique challenges presented by this autoimmune disorder.
Revolutionizing Healthcare with AI and Deep Learning: Smart Health Monitoring for Early Detection and Enhanced Patient Care
The evolution of technology has reshaped the healthcare industry, offering innovative solutions to challenges in disease prevention, monitoring, and control. With the advent of Industry 5.0 and 5G, cost-effective sensors now enable real-time health monitoring, significantly enhancing patient care. This study investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) in Smart Health Monitoring (SHM) systems, emphasizing early detection of chronic conditions and proactive healthcare. Key techniques, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and a hybrid RNN-LSTM-CNN framework, were applied to analyze health data, achieving a 92.3% accuracy rate in disease detection with an AUC of 0.95. The hybrid model demonstrated superior performance in reducing readmission rates and diagnostic errors while improving median survival times for AI-enhanced patients to 48 months compared to 42 months for standard care. A cost-benefit analysis highlighted its economic viability, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $100 per readmission reduced and a net benefit of $100,000. The integration of blockchain ensured secure handling of sensitive patient information, while cloud computing enhanced scalability and real-time functionality. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data diversity, system compatibility, and high implementation costs remain. This review underscores the transformative potential of AI-driven SHM systems to create a predictive, patient-centered, and economically sustainable healthcare ecosystem, while addressing the barriers to their broader adoption and ensuring ethical AI governance.
Nano-Theraputic Approach for the Osteoarthritis: An Overview.
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease involving chronic pain and inflammation of joints culminating in joint immobility. The increase in the aging population and obesity have contributed to the rise in osteoarthritic patients. The disease is characterized by gradual erosion of articular cartilage with loss of collagen type II and proteoglycans attributed to pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and proteolytic enzymes. Presently, there are no therapies to curb or reverse osteoarthritis progression. The avascular nature of cartilage causing poor drug penetration and retention coupled with rapid synovial clearance compromises the efficacy of conventional intraarticular injections. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapies that can address the disease on multiple fronts and enhance patient quality of life. This review showcases the incredible potential of nanoparticles in the management of osteoarthritis. The commonly used drugs for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OA have limitations such as low bioavailability, shorthalf-life, poor targeting, and high systemic toxicity. With the application of nanomaterials and intelligent nanomedicines, novel nanotherapeutic strategies have shown more specific targeting, prolonged half-life, refined bioavailability, and reduced systemic toxicity, compared to the existing medications. In this review, we summarized the recent advancements in new nanotherapeutic strategies for OA and provided suggestions for improving the treatment of OA.
Smrati Bhardwaj, Naresh Kalra, Wasif Khan
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Annona muricata and Psidium guajava through Nanotechnology: A Focus on Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities.
Nanoparticles synthesized using herbal incorporation leverage the natural compounds found in plants for their production. This method is often more environmentally friendly compared to conventional chemical synthesis. Nanoparticles produced using plant extracts are often more compatible with biological systems. Different plants can impart unique properties to the nanoparticles, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anti-inflammatory activities. Incorporating bioactive compounds from soursop (Annona muricata) and guava (Psidium guajava) into nanoparticles offers several potential benefits, particularly in the fields of food science, medicine, and cosmetics. These tropical fruits are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds, and their encapsulation into nanoparticles can enhance the stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of these beneficial compounds. Our study one among the fewer studies done with herbal and nanoparticle combination made an attempt to study their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity.
Dr. K. Sheela Kumari, Dr. Uma Sudhakar, Dr. V. Anand Kumar, Dr.M.A.Eswaran, Dr.R. Kesavan, Dr.K. Murugesan, Dr. Murali Venkata Rama Mohan Kodali
ABSTRACT-The SMART Baby Cradle is an advanced Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled system designed to enhance and modernize traditional cradle systems by integrating various smart sensors and automated features. This cradle offers a highly personalized and safe environment for infants, using motion detection, temperature and humidity monitoring, and automated rocking functions to meet the comfort and care needs of the baby. Controlled by an AT89C51 microcontroller, the cradle operates on a regulated 12V power supply, converted from a standard 230V AC source, ensuring safe and efficient power management.
Shital Pawar , Medha Wywahare ,Ashwini Barbadekar, Payal Chavan ,Simran Pathan, Rahul diware
From Tobacco to Herbal Smoking: Are Healthcare Professionals Ignoring a New Epidemic
Tobacco use remains a significant public health challenge, contributing to millions of deaths annually and various chronic diseases. While global efforts are underway to reduce tobacco consumption through policy interventions, the popularity of alternative smoking products, particularly among youth, is on the rise. Herbal smoking products (HSPs) are increasingly marketed as safer, tobacco-free alternatives, yet evidence suggests that they may pose similar health risks to conventional tobacco. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding HSPs among healthcare undergraduate students in Central India, focusing on Ayurvedic, dental, and medical disciplines. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, we distributed a structured questionnaire to 424 students across three institutions. Our findings reveal alarming gaps in knowledge: only 42.3% of Ayurvedic students recognized the contents of HSPs, with medical students showing limited awareness of their carcinogenic potential. Attitudes varied significantly, with many Ayurvedic students falsely believing HSPs reduce cancer risk, while support for banning these products was stronger among medical students. Although regular use of HSPs was low, a concerning proportion had experimented with them, highlighting the need for targeted education. This study underscores the critical role healthcare professionals play in public health advocacy and the urgent need for comprehensive educational strategies to combat the misconceptions surrounding herbal smoking products, particularly among youth.
Miss Komal Rewatker, Dr. Noopur Kokane, Dr. Sachin Khatri, Dr. Swarali Kuthe: Hemant Kant, Dr. Nisha Yadav
Phytoremediation perspectives of five aquatic macrophytes for heavy metals removal from polluted pond in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu
The current study stated the heavy metals accumulation potentials of five aquatic macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Lemna minor, Azolla pinnata and Hydrilla verticillata) and pollution status of North Thamaraikulam pond in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. Concentration of five metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni & As) were determined in the water and aboveground and belowground tissues of the selected macrophytes. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) were calculated for each species.
Black Feminism Meets Dalit Feminism: A Comparative Perspective From Tamil Nadu
This study explores the intersectional frameworks of Black Feminism and Dalit Feminism, examining their shared struggles against systemic oppression and their unique socio-political contexts. Black Feminism, rooted in the experiences of African American women, addresses the interconnected nature of race, gender, and class oppression. Dalit Feminism, emerging from the experiences of Dalit women in India, focuses on caste, gender, and economic exploitation. Using Tamil Nadu as a case study, this research investigates how Dalit Feminism resonates with and diverges from Black Feminism, particularly in terms of historical trajectories, representation, activism, and policy impact. Through a comparative analysis, the study highlights how both movements have articulated the voices of marginalized women through literature, grassroots advocacy, and cultural expression. It also explores the challenges these movements face in building solidarity within their communities and across intersectional lines. Tamil Nadu’s Dalit women’s movements, shaped by caste-based violence and patriarchal norms, are juxtaposed with the racialized gender struggles of Black women in the United States, offering insights into global systems of inequality. The research emphasizes the potential for transnational feminist solidarity by drawing parallels between these two frameworks, focusing on shared strategies and lessons. By situating Dalit Feminism within a global context, this study contributes to the development of inclusive feminist discourses and frameworks that address intersectional injustices worldwide.
Adaptive Personalized Learning System with Generative AI
Abstract — This paper introduces AdaptEd: Personalized Learning for All (PLFA), a cutting-edge educational platform designed to enhance individual learning experiences through the integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI). AdaptEd leverages advanced AI models, including Llama 3.1 for general functionalities, CodeLlama for specialized programming courses, and Mistral AI for multilingual support, enabling the delivery of tailored educational content that aligns with each learner's unique abilities and preferences. The platform is developed using the Flask framework in Python, incorporating essential plugins such as Flask-Cors, Flask-Login, and Flask-SQLAlchemy to ensure robust functionality and scalability. Key features of AdaptEd include dynamic curriculum generation based on customizable parameters, file upload capabilities for enhanced content tuning via a Qdrant vector database, and a comprehensive reporting dashboard that allows students to manage and track their progress effectively. Additionally, AdaptEd employs a speech-to-speech interaction system utilizing Whisper for audio transcription and Llama models for prompt processing, facilitating an interactive and engaging learning environment. The system architecture adopts a microservices approach, containerized with Docker to optimize performance and scalability. Historical development involved iterative testing of various vector databases and language models to achieve optimal compatibility and efficiency. Preliminary evaluations indicate significant improvements in student engagement and knowledge retention, demonstrating the platform's potential to transform personalized education. Future enhancements will focus on integrating virtual code interpreters, live virtual classrooms, and gamification elements to further enrich the learning experience.
Divyansh Parakh, Prerak Lodha, Subalalitha C.N
Seasonal Variations In Airborne Pollen Concentration In Rohtak City, Haryana, India
One of the major bioparticles responsible for allergic reactions in humans is believed to be pollen grains. Therefore, understanding the season and the frequency of the airborne allergens that patients are exposed to is essential for both diagnosis and treatment of patients with allergic illnesses. An aerobiological survey was conducted from March 2023 to February 2024 in order to determine the qualitative and quantitative changes in airborne pollen concentrations of Rohtak city. Air samples were taken at weekly interval, at human height (1.8 meters), using by personal volumetric glass slide sampler. Total 34 different pollen types were identified, with Poaceae, Cannabis, Morus, Parthenium, Chenopod/Amaranth, Artemisia, Myrtaceae and Achyranthes being the main contributors. Ninety percent of the overall pollen load came from ten different pollen types. There were two main pollen seasons observed annually (March–April and July–October) however, pollen grains were identified at low frequencies throughout the entire year. There were also differences in sites with the sites bordered by dense vegetation showing higher pollen burdens. For the purpose of accurately diagnosing and treating respiratory allergic illnesses, the study will provide local allergologists preliminary but helpful data.
Deepika Verma, Manisha Ahlawat, Ishu Khangwal
Bronchial Washing Yield Before And After Forceps Biopsy In Patients With Endoscopically Visible Lung Tumors
Introduction: Different factors, including tumor size and location and the operator's level of expertise, can affect the diagnostic yield of bronchial washing both before and after forceps biopsy in patients showing endoscopically evident lung tumors. The current study aimed to compare the diagnostic yield of bronchial washing conducted before and after forceps biopsy in patients presenting with visible lung tumors during endoscopy. Materials and methods: A prospective study was carried out on 50 patients with endoscopically visible tumors in Shar teaching hospital and endoscopic units of Smart and Baxshin hospitals over a period of 18 months. The patients were divided into a bronchial washing before forceps biopsy (pre-biopsy) group and a biopsy group. Bronchial washing and forceps biopsy were performed under cytological and histopathological analysis respectively. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (24.0). Results: The patients' mean age was 72.06 years, ranging from 50 to 99 years. Most of the patients (72%) were males, and 28% were females. The main complaint was reported to be chronic cough (56%), followed by dyspnea (20%), and hemoptysis (12%). CXR was abnormal in 76% of them. Their mass size ranged from 3 to 7 cm. The most frequent previous medical history was hypertension (20%), followed by ischemic heart disease (14%). Most of the endobronchial lesions (80%) were tumorous, and 14% were infiltrative. Pre-BW and post-BW were positive in 42% and 46% of the patients, respectively. Also, 44% of the lesions were squamous, 36% were adeno, and 16% were SCLC. A significant difference was seen between the pre-BW and post-BW (p-value<0.001). No significant relationships were seen between the morphology of endobronchial lesions and pre-BW and post-BW (p-value>0.05). Moreover, biopsy of the endobronchial lesions was not significantly correlated with pre-BW and post-BW (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: As suggested by the results of the current study, bronchial washing before forceps biopsy (pre-biopsy) and bronchial washing after forceps biopsy (post-biopsy) do not have a significant effect on the yield of the diagnostic outcomes.
Elevated E-Selectin Levels and Their Correlation with Blast Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
A B S T R A C T: Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive blood cancer characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, disrupting normal blood cell production. Unfortunately, AML carries a grim prognosis, with a substantial rate of disease, relapse, and a median overall survival of only 15 months. A vascular adhesion molecule called E-selectin is only found on activated endothelial cells. It controls the activity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow vascular niche and is very important for this.Evaluation The level of E-selection in AML patients as well as the correlation between E-selectin and blast cells. This study case control included a total of 50 patients with AML collected from "National center of hematology /Mustansiriyah university" from January 2022 to June 2023. twenty-five out of 50 AML patients was new diagnosis and other 25 AML patients after therapy, The age and sex matched with 50 apparently healthy individuals as control group. Blood was taken from them for an evaluation of their E-selectin level using Sandwich ELISA method. There are significant differences in the level of E-Selectin concentration in AML patients' plasma compared with the concentration of healthy group plasma. While there is no significant difference between patients before and after chemotherapy, there is a significant correlation between E-selectin level and blast cells. The level of E-selectin is elevated in AML patients, and there is an appositive correlation between E-selectin and Blast cells, which may contribute to the progression of the disease.
Hassnien S. Al-Hashemi, Zeyad A. Shabeeb and Baan A. Mtashar
Outcome of surgical repair of vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas
Background: Obstetric fistulae (OF), particularly those occurring from obstructed labor, remain a significant issue in poor nations despite reports that their prevalence has declined in industrialized nations. The most prevalent and frequent kind of urogenital fistulas are vesico-vaginal fistulae (VVF). Surgery is usually needed to address this condition. Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the Outcome of surgical repair of vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas Methodology: This retrospective multi-centre study was carried out at the department of gyne and obs Ayub teaching hospital Abbotabad, Lahore General Hospital and Services Hospital Lahore. The study duration was one year from January 2023 to February 2024 by the same surgeon. It included a total of 50 patients who were treated surgically. At three months and six weeks, follow-up appointments were scheduled. Following a successful repair, elective cesarean sections were recommended for subsequent pregnancies. All the data was analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Results: 88% of VVF cases were caused by obstructed labour, and 18% were iatrogenic. Ninety percent of initial VVF patients were treated surgically using a transvaginal technique, while four percent employed a transabdomenal approach. 54% of patients were single, while 46% needed multiple procedures. In this investigation, the success rate for repairs was 94%. Conclusion: Obstructed labor was the primary cause of developing fistulas in our research. In our area, birth trauma continues to be a leading cause of VVF/RVF. Public awareness and the provision of adequate healthcare can help prevent disease. With the first surgery, a successful repair is achievable.
Sadia Irum, Humaira Jadoon, Muhammad Zafar Mengal, Muhammad Tariq Nazir, Shabnam Tariq, Misbah kausar Javaid
Comparative Evaluation Of Postoperative Pain And Periapical Healing After Root Canal Treatment Using Three Different Base Endodontic Sealers – A Randomized Control Clinical Trial
Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the postoperative pain and periapical healing after root canal treatment using three different base endodontic sealers. Material and Methods: Primary root canal treatment was initiated in 80 patients diagnosed with necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis, cleaning and shaping was completed in two visit and different base endodontic sealers were used for obturation were selected based on the random allocation of the participants to the following groups; Tubli-Seal, Nineteen NT apexseal, AH Plus and Maarc ceraseal B sealer. Postoperative pain was recorded by using verbal rating scale at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 d after obturation. Digital periapical radiographic evaluation was done to assess rate of periapical healing at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean difference in the size of periapical lesions for Tubli-Seal (3.96,7.88), Nineteen N T apexseal( 6.38,10.60) AH Plus (6.34,11.99) and Maarc ceraseal B sealer (5.51,12.39) at 3 months and 6 months respectively. In Tubli-Seal group, at 24 h, 5.3% of patients showed no pain, 68.4% showed mild pain and 26.3 % showed moderate pain; at 48 h, 84.2% of patients showed no pain, 10.5% showed mild pain and 5.3 % showed moderate pain; At 72 h, 84.2% of patients showed no pain, 10.5% showed mild pain and 5.3 % showed moderate pain; At 7 d, none of the patients reported with pain. Conclusions: Maarc Cera Seal B sealer showed less postoperative pain compared to AH Plus, Nineteen NT and Tubli-Seal and showed better periapical healing compared to AH Plus and Tubli-Seal at 3 and 6 months intervals respectively
Dr. Anju S. Hussain, Swabir S.F. Tutor, Dr. Anupriya Srivastava, Dr. Maria Mathew,
DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIALIST DOCTOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT THROUGH PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AT BERIMAN BALIKPAPAN HOSPITAL
Backgrounds. The performance assessment of specialist doctors is a crucial component in efforts to improve the quality of health services in hospitals. OPPE as an instrument for assessing the performance of specialist doctors at RSUD Beriman Balikpapan needs to be evaluated and improved according to changing conditions. Aim. This research aims to develop an instrument for assessing the performance of specialist doctors through performance analysis at RSUD Beriman Balikpapan. Method. The type of research conducted is qualitative research using content analysis techniques by conducting in-depth interviews. The sample in this study is non-surgical specialists, management and medical committee at RSUD Beriman Balikpapan as many as 8 informants. The results of the interviews were transcribed and coded to obtain performance indicator data that could be used for the development of performance assessment instruments for specialist doctors. Results. From the results of the analysis, 15 performance indicators of specialist doctors were obtained which were divided into 6 competency-based frameworks from JCAHO. This specialist performance assessment instrument has also been equipped with assessment standards, weighting, assessment categories, and scoring. The final result is in the form of a Performance Assessment Form for Specialist Doctors at Beriman Hospital Balikpapan. Conclusion. This research has succeeded in developing a specialist doctor performance assessment instrument that can be used at RSUD Beriman Balikpapan.
Wilma Haida , Irwandy , Noer Bahry Noor , Syahrir A. Pasinringi , A. Indahwaty Sidin , Nur Arifah
Risk Factors, Microbial Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Surgical Site Infections Following Lower Segment Cesarean Section in Low-Income Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) following lower segment cesarean section pose a significant health burden in low-income populations, yet comprehensive data on risk factors, microbial profiles, and antibiotic resistance patterns remain limited. This study aimed to investigate these aspects to inform evidence-based prevention and management strategies. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2022 to October 2022 following 423 women who underwent cesarean section. Participants were monitored for 30 days post-surgery. Microbiological sampling and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed for all suspected SSI cases. Risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The overall SSI incidence was 12.5% (53/423). Significant risk factors included obesity (adjusted OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.62-4.98), diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.28-4.16), and prolonged operative time (adjusted OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.13-3.37). Staphylococcus aureus (28.1%) and Escherichia coli (23.4%) were the predominant pathogens. High resistance rates were observed for commonly used antibiotics, with over 60% of gram-negative isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. SSI cases had significantly longer hospital stays (mean difference 4.2 days) and incurred additional costs of Rupees 2,845 per case. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a substantial burden of post-cesarean SSIs in low-income populations, characterized by high antibiotic resistance rates and significant healthcare costs. The identified risk factors suggest potential areas for targeted interventions. These findings emphasize the need for context-specific prevention strategies and antimicrobial stewardship programs in resource-limited settings.
Epidural Anaesthesia For Emergency Cesarean Section In Patient With Takayasu Arteritis – Case Report
Background: Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a granulomatous disease which is progressive in nature. This disorder is an inflammatory vasculitis which affects mainly aorta and its branches resulting in end-organ dysfunction , stenosis of main blood vessels and also in monitoring of blood pressure during anaesthesia. The advantage of Regional anesthesia over General anesthesia include an attenuation of sympathetic – mediated increase in HR and CO and minimal alteration in hemodynamics. This case report briefs about the how epidural anaesthesia was successfully employed for cesearen section in a women with chronic untreated Takayasu arteritis. Case report: A 31 year old female who is a known case of untreated Takayasu arteritis with no complications came with active labor pain who was posted for cesarean section. Local anesthetic was administered in fractioned doses to achieve the slow installation of blockade. The patient was hemodynamically stable after which she was transferred to intensive care unit during the postoperative period.. Conclusion: Numerous complications may arise in gravidas with TA, necessitating meticulous patient assessment, management of TA-related complications, and anesthetic-surgical planning. Ensuring adequate perfusion is paramount, and neuraxial blocks can be administered safely; thus, patients should be observed in intensive or special care unit for 24 hours to prevent postoperative complications.
Kaberi Behera A, Ruba Viknesh C, N. Latha, Yachendra V.S.G
Optimization Of Switching Node Parameters In Computer Networks With Priority Service Operating Under A Limited Queue System
In this work, analytical models of queues to multiple servers and to each server have been developed. In a combined service system, to optimize the number of channels and the number of waiting places, it is necessary to calculate the minimum values of loss cost functions, which depend on specific load values. The developed algorithms for calculating the optimization of the parameters of a switching node operating on a combined service system allow for determining the most optimal design options for a computer network. The provided numerical calculations and constructed dependency graphs make it possible to determine the required quality of functioning of a specific computer network with a given number of nodes, the number of waiting spots in specific nodes, and the values of first and second priority loads.
Z. N. Huseynov, M. İ. Mammadov, T. M. Haciyev, S. B. Baratzade, A. R. Musayev,
Transformational Leadership On Patient Safety Culture In The Beriman Balikpapan Regional Hospital
Background: Leaders who have a transformational leadership style have an impact on patient safety culture to ensure patient safety, and continuous routine operations. Patient safety culture in hospitals is expected to create a work culture that prioritizes quality culture and patient safety. Objective: To analize the influence of transformational leadership style on patient safety culture in RSUD Beriman Balikpapan. Method: Quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. Result: There is a direct influence of transformational leadership on the implementation of patient safety culture in Beriman Regional General Hospital Balikpapan (p=0.030). The most effective way to build patient safety culture is leadership. Conclusion: Transformational leadership at Beriman Balikpapan Regional General Hospital influences patient safety culture highlighting the need for a clear vision and guaranteeing patient safety; future research should explore organizational climate and HR development to improve this relationship. Managerial implications and future research: transformational leaders should be able to provide a clear vision of the importance of patient safety. Researchers or practitioners may need to explore other more relevant mediators to strengthen the influence of transformational leadership on patient safety culture, such as team communication, safety training, or organizational support.
Andi Indahwaty Sidin, Christiana Dessy Nugraheni, Irwandy, Fridawaty Rivai, Syahrir A. Pasinringi, Herlina A. Hamzah,
What Is The Role Of Brand Image And Perceived Value On The Purchase Decision Of Outpatient Visitors At Restu Ibu Hospital Balikpapan City?
Background: Patients' decisions to utilize hospital services are influenced by brand image (BI) and perceived value (PV), where it is still debated whether brand image directly influences decisions or through the formation of perceived value first. Objective: To analyze the role of brand image and customer perceived value on purchase decision of outpatient services at Restu Ibu Hospital Balikpapan. Method: Quantitative research using path analysis, because there are exogenous independent and endogenous dependent variables with mediation or intermediary models (intervening variables), where the presence of variable Y as an intermediate variable will change the effect of variable X on variable Z. Results: The effect of brand image to purchase decision is positive 0.125, meaning that the better the brand image, the better the purchase decision, the effect of perceived value to purchase decision is positive 0.114, meaning that the better the perceived value, the better the purchase decision, the effect of brand image of Restu Ibu Hospital Balikpapan on perceived of consumers is positive 0.202, meaning that the better the brand image, the better the perceived value, while the indirect effect of brand image (X1) on purchase decision (X3) is the result of the path coefficient (P31) and (P23) obtained C value.R>1.96 (2.777) and ρ value 0.000 (0.001).(0.036), which means there is an indirect effect of brand image to purchase decision through perceived value at Restu Ibu Hospital Balikpapan. Conclusion: Brand image and perceived value affect purchase decision of outpatient services at Restu Ibu Hospital Balikpapan, with indirect effect of brand image through perceived value. Managerial implications include improving brand image through facility improvement, service reliability, and patient experience, while future research can explore other mediators such as patient satisfaction, loyalty, and trust.
Andi Indahwaty A. S., Ummi Sartika Almady, Fridawaty Rivai, Syahrir A. Pasinringi, Rini Anggraeni, Nurmala Sari,
Muslim Personal Law in Secular Democracies: A Challenge for Gender Equality
The intersection of Muslim Personal Law (MPL) and secular democratic principles presents a complex challenge for gender equality. MPL, which governs personal matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and child custody for Muslims, is deeply rooted in religious traditions and practices. In most cases, the use of MPL in secular democracies brings conflict between religious rights and the principles of equality and nondiscrimination set in the constitution. On several occasions, provisions within MPL have been attacked as entrenching inequality along gender lines, especially women's rights. This research paper looks into the impact of MPL on secular democracies, specifically regarding its role in ensuring equality of genders. It critically examines some of the major case laws that involved landmark decisions by courts concerning the conflict between MPL and constitutional rights. In addition, it looks into gendered implications of MPL, such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and maintenance cases, in which the law is often seen as unfavourable to women. Finally, the paper discusses potential reforms aimed at reconciling the practice of MPL with the secular democratic values enshrined in the constitution, emphasizing the importance of protecting both religious freedoms and the rights of women. By balancing these competing interests, this paper seeks to provide insights into the possibility of achieving gender equality while respecting religious diversity in secular societies.
Analysis of the Reservation System in India: A Study of the Recent Judgment on Sub-Classification under SCs and STs
The'reservation system' for redressing historical disadvantages of the marginalized Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) forms the foundation of the affirmative action realm in India. These were implemented in accordance with Articles 15(4), 15(5), and 16(4) of the Indian Constitution in order to provide equal opportunity in the fields of politics, work, and education. In order to address intragroup inequity, the reservation structure has evolved over time to include sub-classification under SCs and STs. This issue was recently sharply pushed to the legal and public domains by a Supreme Court ruling regarding sub-classification under SC and ST. Additionally, the verdict underscores the necessity for a more advanced strategy in the. As the "creamy layer" notion has been for OBCs, the ruling also highlights the need for a more sophisticated method in identifying and prioritizing the most marginalized members of these communities. The historical evolution of the reservation system, the constitutional and legal tenets that underpin it, and the consequences of subclassification are all covered in this essay. Important rulings from the Supreme Court and other courts are examined in order to assess the extent to which they have contributed to the success of the reserve policy. The conclusion offers insight into the difficulties and possibilities brought forth by sub-classification by implying that an equitable and inclusive affirmative action policy may require at all times
Assessing the knowledge and awareness of Local Anesthetic Complications among Undergraduate Dental Students in Tamil Nadu, India - A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: In Dentistry, the administration of a Local anesthetic agent (LA), needs to have sound knowledge about the dosage, technique, and composition of the anesthetic used. It is imperative that dental students be aware of the potential complications of local anesthetics and have the adequate knowledge and equipment to handle them. Hence, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of local complications among dental students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge and practice among 240 dental students about LA complications over 3 months by using a self-administrative questionnaire with four domains, in multiple-choice and correct and incorrect options were interpreted in yes/no format. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 20.0 software. Results: There was no discernible difference in knowledge across the groups. However by comparing groups regarding the year of the study revealed statistically significant differences [P=0.008] only about paraesthesia. Knowledge regarding Nerve block techniques and their complications, around six questions, the difference in knowledge scores between these groups is found to be statistically significant between interns and others. While comparing the knowledge to manage the complications, Interns (77%) stated that the inferior nerve block has a high aspiration rate and showed statistically significant differences between the students. Conclusion: The overall knowledge and awareness about local Anaesthesia and its complications were limited among the undergraduates. It should be emphasized with further training courses to update the knowledge of dental students.
Gramani Radhan Karthikeyan, Sathiya Narayanan. S, Annamalai R, Venkatramanaih C, Indrapriyadharshini K, Julius A
Introduction: Pediatric femoral shaft fractures are common injuries that can substantially affect a child's growth and development. The ideal treatment strategy for femoral fractures in children aged 5 to 8 years continues to be a subject of debate. This study aims to compare the results of submuscular Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) with conservative management involving traction with the Thomas splint followed by casting in this age group. Methods: A multicenter randomized controlled trial was performed with 75 children aged 5 to 8 years who had femoral shaft fractures. Patients were randomly allocated to either the submuscular MIPO group or the conservative management group. The outcomes assessed were the duration until radiographic union occurred as well as the rate of complications. Results: Radiographic union occurred more rapidly in the submuscular MIPO group. The MIPO group exhibited a reduced complication rate, reporting merely two instances of superficial wound infection. In contrast, the Thomas splint group encountered several complications, including malunion and limb length discrepancy, with four cases necessitating surgical intervention. Conclusion: Submuscular MIPO provides considerable benefits compared to conservative management for femoral fractures in children aged 5 to 8 years. The earlier weight-bearing capacity, faster radiographic union and reduced complication rates render submuscular MIPO the treatment of choice for this demographic. Nonetheless, conservative management is a feasible option in environments with restricted surgical resources. Key Words: Pediatric femoral fracture, Conservative, Thomas splint, Traction, Surgical intervention, MIPO
Hepatoprotective Activity of Andrographis paniculata, Berberis aristata, Cichorium intybus and Rubia cordifolia Root extracts Against Anti-TB Medication
Liver toxicity is a major adverse effect associated with the use of anti-tuberculosis (TB) medications, particularly isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP). This study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of natural compounds oleanolic acid, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol obtained from Andrographis paniculata, Berberis aristata, Cichorium intybus and Rubia cordifolia Root extracts collectively referred to as ABCR compounds, against INH+RMP-induced hepatotoxicity. Chang liver cells and male Wistar albino rats were used as experimental models. The MTT assay assessed cell viability, and the in vivo study involved biochemical, histopathological, and antioxidant enzyme analyses. INH+RMP treatment significantly elevated serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin, indicating liver damage. These alterations were markedly reduced in rats pre-treated with ABCR compounds and the standard hepatoprotective agent Silymarin. Histopathological examination revealed severe hepatocellular damavge in the INH+RMP group, while ABCR pre-treatment showed significant preservation of liver histology. Among the ABCR compounds, ABCR2 demonstrated the highest level of protection. The results suggest that ABCR compounds effectively mitigate INH+RMP-induced liver toxicity through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Further clinical studies are warranted to explore their potential in preventing and managing drug-induced hepatotoxicity in TB patients.
Health Prediction Using Machine Learning with Drive HQ Cloud Security
Focusing on the making of a framework that tends to lacks in healthcare through an emphasis on responsiveness and versatility is fundamental. The point is to upgrade medical clinic administration conveyance by further developing therapy for basically sick patients. Machine learning and cloud-based “platform as a service (PaaS)” technologies advances should be utilized to screen the medical issue of basic patients continuously. The essential spotlight is on decision-making and monitoring capabilities inside the medical care industry. Eminently, the IBM Cloud part is imitated locally to sidestep cost imperatives. A model consolidating a gathering procedure that incorporates "Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Gradient Boosting (GB)" is used. This strategy utilizes machine learning methods including “Naïve Bayes and Decision Tree Classifier”. This technique expects to lay out a system that is strong and versatile for expecting critical medical problems. The "Critical Patient Management System (CPMS)” portable application should be worked to real-time remote monitoring of patient circumstances. The application means to furnish clinical experts with proficient apparatuses for medical care organization, permitting them to monitor basically sick patients.
Viswanath G., Krishna Prasad K ., Dr. J Maha Lakshmi., Dr.G.Swapna
“Effectiveness of educational module on knowledge regarding women empowerment among nursing students”
Background of the study: Domestic violence encompasses physical, emotional, psychological, and sexual abuse within a household or intimate relationship. Strengthening laws and ensuring their strict enforcement can protect women from violence and discrimination. Objectives: Study done with objectives of effectiveness of education module on knowledge of nursing students on women empowerment. Material and Methods:Experimental study done on one group pre –post-test design on 80 B.sc nursing students with convenient sampling technique. Self-prepared questionnaire prepared for the study. Questionnaire validated by the expert. Ethical permission taken from the ethical committeeSamples selected according to inclusion criteria with those completed their 18yrs age and above. Researcherexplained purpose of the study to the samples before data collection and data collection done as a pretest. Educational module given to each sample and after 7 days post taken with same questionnaire. Knowledge level categories were (Poor knowledge 0-7, Average 8-12, and good knowledge 13-18) Data was analyzed as per objectives. Results: The research findings revealed that as per Scio demographic variables50% of students is in 19-20Yrs of age, 87.50% students are resided in semi urban area, 100% students are using internet as source of knowledge and from 1st yr. to 4th yr. 25% of students participated in study.as per level of knowledge 68 (85%) of students had average level of knowledge. In the post test knowledge score maximum 75(93.75%) of students had good knowledge. Pre-test mean SD 9.69(1.86) whereas post -test mean SD 15.31 (1.66) with mean differences -5.62, p=0.0001and t=24. 154.knowledge level was increased after intervention. Conclusion: This studyhelps to increase the knowledge of Basic Nursing students after intervention of educational module on Women empowerment. Students understand different strategies to improve self-confidant, decision making skills which helps them in their future life.
Mrs. Sangeeta Patil,DR. Nitanjali Patil ,Ms. Jesly Elza Thomas,Ms. Jibi Varghese,Ms. Jiby Abraham,Ms. Jichina sunny,Ms. Jincy Susan Jacob
“A Study To Assess Knowledge Regarding Dengue Fever Among Adults Residing In Rural Populations.”
Introduction: Dengue, often referred to as “break-bone fever,” is a viral infection to humans through the bites of Aedes Mosquitoes, particularly Aedes Aegypti and Aedes albopictus . Dengue fever is an emerging disease of the tropical and sub-tropical regions affecting urban and peri-urban areas. Most of the people living in close proximity can facilitate the rapid spread of the virus. High population growth strains existing water supply systems, leading to inadequate water distribution and increased reliance on stored water. Inefficient or poorly maintained drainage systems can lead to the accumulation of water, providing breeding sites for mosquitoes. Inadequately managed waste disposal can lead to litter accumulating in public areas. Items like discarded tires, and buckets, can collect rainwater and become breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Aim: To assess the level of knowledge regarding dengue fever among adults residing in rural populations. Materials and Methods: A non-experimental descriptive research design was used. 100 adults were selected by using a non-probability Convenient sampling technique from the rural population. Result: Findings of the study revealed that 70 (70%) adults were average, 21 (21%) good whereas 9 (9 %) poor level of knowledge regarding Dengue fever. Conclusion: The study concluded that adults had an average level of knowledge regarding dengue fever so there is a need to improve knowledge and positive practice to prevent dengue fever. This can be achieved by providing motivational and educational activities to promote health.
Mrs. Anagha Katti, Mrs. Sushama Shete, Jeslin Jose, Jeena John K.S, Jerry Elsa Jacob, Jemi Sara Shaji, Jadhav Nandini Jaywant
“ A Descriptive Study To Assess The Knowledge Of Mothers Of School Age Children Regarding Prevention Of Child Abuse In Karad City.”
In addition to experiencing abuse and neglect children who are abused may be exposed to other stresses, with possible ramifications that may show up at different stages of a child's development. As an outcome, the most thorough study on this subject takes a determination to put into account all of the factors that might be associated with abuse or neglect.1. Objectives: To determine the quantity of knowledge school-age mothers now possess regarding child abuse .2. To determine the correlation between pre-test knowledge score on child abuse. and particular demographic characteristics. Materials and Processes: A descriptive approach employing a single group pretest. The technique of deliberate sampling was used. For the study, a total of 60 mothers of school-age children within the selected city of Karad, Maharashtra, India, was chosen. The Initial Findings: Data Major Findings: Out of 60 mothers of kids in school, data on sample characteristics found that. 33% of the population was in the 26–28 age range. 52% of mothers have at most one kid. 38 percent of mothers were educated to the level of an undergrad. 37% of mothers, who make between $15,000 and $20,000 a month, are the majority. 41% of women are the majority with children in the 10–12 age group. Before carrying out a video-assisted educational program, 29 (48%) mothers' pre-test knowledge regarding child abuse was accepted as average. Pretest mean were 11.6, SD were 3.845.
Mrs. Sushama Shete, Mrs. Anagha Katti, DR. Nitanjali V. Patil, Mrs. Sangeeta Patil
“Effect of teaching instructions on management of neonatal problems among postnatal mothers”
Introduction: The first four weeks of life outside the womb are referred to as the newborn period. A neonate, often known as a newborn, is a person who is born and remains under 28 days old for up to four weeks. The proper handling of events during the perinatal period is critical to an individual's physical and mental health. Newborns have high rates of illness and mortality, thus they require the best care possible to increase their chances of survival. Over half of newborn deaths are caused by neonatal deaths. It is three to four times higher in India than in the West. Ignoring minor health conditions is one of the factors that contribute to the neonatal fatality rate. Infants are more likely to have minor issues or abnormalities. One of the major factors contributing to the neonatal death rate is the neglect of minor health. Material and methods: Descriptive research approach, pre Experimental one group pre test post design was used. Study setting was postnatal ward of Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Karad. 100 postnatal mothers were selected by convenient sampling technique from postnatal ward. Samples were selected as per Inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The tool was prepared on the basis of the objectives of the study. The study conducted after study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee and ethical committee. The obtained data was analyzed in the term of objectives for the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Majority of sample 60% from 18-25years, 84% were married between age of 18-25years, 58% from rural area, 100% of mothers married, 54% were Hindu, 80% were from joint family, 58% had secondary education, 50% mothers husband had secondary education, 72% of mothers were house maker, 34% mothers husband were doing private job and 38% of mothers having their monthly income above Rs.5,000-10,000. Distribution of sample according to their obstetrical variables, Majority 61% mothers were 1st gravida, 62% were 1st para, 83% were having their age at 1st pregnancy was 18-25years, 83% were having their age at 1st delivery was 18-25 years,maximum 63% of mothers having one living child and 81% had one abortion in past. Pre- test knowledge score on knowledge of minor neonatal problems maximum 52% of mothers having poor knowledge, 44% having average knowledge and only 4% were having good knowledge. So H1 is accepted. Pre test mean 5.48, SD 2.240. None of the socio-demographic and obstetrical variables were found to have significant association with the level of knowledge. Conclusion: Postnatal mothers having inadequate knowledge regarding common minor neonatal problems . Mother’s with adequate knowledge is an important factor for healthy infants. There is need to educate mothers during last pregnancy regarding common minor neonatal problems.
DR. Mrs. Nitanjali Vaibhav Patil, Mrs. Snageetal Patil*, Mrs. Anagha Katti, Mrs. Sushama Shete
Vitamin D, Zinc Supplementation, And Counselling Diet To Prevent Tuberculosis Infection In Toddlers Household Contacts With Bacteriologic Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Jakarta
Vitamin D and zinc deficiencies increase the risk of infection, while public understanding of balanced nutrition is still low. Vitamin D and zinc supplementation, plus structured dietary counseling, are important strategies to reduce TB incidence in this high-risk group. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin D and zinc supplementation and dietary counseling on the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) infection in toddlers who have household contact with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB patients in DKI Jakarta. This study used a quasi-experimental design. The research sites were health centers in DKI Jakarta which were divided into two clusters: West and South Jakarta as intervention groups, and North and East Jakarta as controls, with a total study duration of 4 months. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling with a minimum number of 196 samples after taking into account the possibility of loss to follow-up. The results showed that the intervention of vitamin D supplementation (400-600 IU/day), zinc (10-20 mg/day), and intensive dietary counseling significantly reduced the incidence of TB infection among under-five household contacts by 73%, from 26% in the control group to 5% in the intervention group (RR 0.27; 95% CI 0.15-0.49; p<0.001). Supplementation also increased vitamin D and zinc consumption to meet daily requirements, improved nutritional status and reduced the prevalence of malnutrition based on BB/U from 35% to 25% and stunting based on TB/U from 38% to 28%. Although energy adequacy was not significantly affected (p=0.14), protein adequacy increased significantly (p=0.008), with the proportion of protein-deficient children under five declining from 47% to 37%. This finding confirms the effectiveness of nutritional interventions in the prevention of TB infection among household contact children.
Ika Dewi Subandiyah, Nurhayati Adnan, Nastiti Kaswandani, Ratna Djuwita
Application of the CMAQ Model to Assess the Vertical Distribution of PM2.5 Pollution in the Hanoi Area
The study applies the CMAQ model, and combine with the WRF model, to analyze the vertical distribution of PM2.5 pollution in Hanoi, Vietnam, highlighting the city’s severe air quality challenges. Simulations show a significant decline in PM2.5 concentrations with altitude, ranging from 50–84 µg/m³ at 30 meters to 34–40 µg/m³ at 320 meters, with urban hotspots exceeding Vietnam’s air quality standard of 50 µg/m³ and the WHO guideline of 25 µg/m³. Seasonal analysis reveals higher concentrations from autumn to winter due to temperature inversions and low mixing heights, which trap pollutants near the ground. Despite capturing these trends, the model exhibited substantial errors, including a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 63%, a Mean Absolute Error of 18 µg/m³, and an RMSE of 377 µg/m³, indicating challenges in incorporating local meteorology, urban architecture, and vegetation effects. The findings underscore the importance of integrating localized data and improved modeling to enhance the accuracy of PM2.5 predictions and inform effective air quality management and urban planning strategies in Hanoi.
Duy An Dam, Thi Thanh Huong Chu, Thi Thu Trang Phung, Van Linh Le, Nguyen Quoc Phi, Hong Hiep Nguyen, Quang Lam Nguyen, Thi Thanh Binh Do, Khanh Vy Vu, Dam Vu Van
Anti Alzheimer Activity Of Fraction Of Solanum Xanthocarpum Fruit Extract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition that typically affects people who are old and is characterized by the slow loss of neurons to the brain. The hippocampus area of the brain is the location of senile plaques. These plaques include deposits of beta-amyloidal protein, which has been associated with the most common form of dementia. The use of herbs has significantly contributed to the improvement of health all over the world. Even though much progress has been made in the field of contemporary medicine over the course of the last several years, plants continue to play an important part in the field of healthcare. Using mice that have been given Alzheimer's disease (AD), the purpose of the present experiment is to evaluate Solanum xanthocarpum (SX) in natural environments. In traditional medicine, Solanum xanthocarpum, which belongs to the family Solanumaceae, has been used for the treatment of a wide variety of infectious and degenerative disorders. In order to investigate the potential anti-Alzheimer's disease properties of solanum xanthocarpum, the present research employs both in vitro and in vivo analysis techniques.
Prachi Upadhyay, Sachin K Jain, Sudha Vengurlekar
Insights Of Herbal Tablets Derived From Terminalia Chebula Extract: Characterization Of In Vitro Activity In Male Wistar Rats
Diabetes mellitus is a category of metabolic disorders that cause hyperglycaemia due to inadequate insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both, and are associated with irregular metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The aim of present research was to evaluate anti-diabetic potential of herbal tablets derived from Terminalia chebula extract using carbapol and gelatin as excipient. Diabetes was induced by injecting 150 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate diluted in saline intraperitoneally. Blood glucose levels in two animal groups were studied in response to two different herbal tablets batches that contained Terminalia chebula extract. Wistar rats were given an oral dose of 200 mg/kg of carbopol-containing Terminalia chebula tablets, which significantly decreased the biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Anti-diabetic efficiency of Terminalia chebula extract could be attributed to increase in insulin production from pancreatic beta cells, or else it could be because of insulin stimulatory effects. Treatment of Terminalia chebula in rats suffering with diabetic resulted in weight gain, indicating that Terminalia chebula extract has a positive impact.
Jyoti Rathi, Suchitra Yadav, Safican Bano, Anoop, Sonia Kashyap, Kusum Dahiya, Sangeeta, Sonia Narwal
AI-Driven Risk Prediction in Investment Portfolios
Speculation portfolios are intrinsically presented to different dangers that can sabotage monetary steadiness and returns. This review investigates a man-made consciousness (computer-based intelligence)- driven structure for powerful gamble expectation in speculation portfolios, utilizing progressed information preprocessing, highlight choice, and grouping strategies. The preprocessing stage utilizes exception discovery procedures to guarantee information quality and dispense with irregularities that could slant expectations. For highlight determination, Recursive Element End (RFE) is used to recognize the most powerful monetary pointers, improving model effectiveness and interpretability. Irregular Woodland, a hearty characterization calculation, is applied to foresee risk classifications with high exactness and strength against overfitting. The proposed approach is approved on genuine world monetary datasets, exhibiting its adequacy in anticipating portfolio risk while keeping up with straightforwardness and versatility. This examination highlights the capability of coordinating man-made intelligence procedures into monetary gamble the executives, offering an information driven answer for upgrade venture systems and improve dynamic under questionable economic situations.
Dr. Sofia Khan,Dr Samiya Mubeen,Susmitha TP,B G Tilak Babu,Dr.K.Shyam Kumar
Siddha Science: Unlocking the Herbal LCZ Mixture's Anti-Inflammatory Secrets for Modern Healing
Introduction: Leucas aspera, Coccinia grandis, and Zingiber officinale (LCZ) are commonly used in Asia's Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani conventional medical practices. Different portions of these plant materials have historically been employed in traditional medicine for various functions, like anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, etc. Siddha-based formulation mixtures for medicinal uses are considered an efficient alternative to synthetic substances because of their side effects. Aim and Objective: The research aims to find an in-vitro anti-inflammatory action of the herbal-based Siddha formulation mixture of Coccinia grandis, Leucas aspera, and Zingiber officiale. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of the herbal-based Siddha formulation mixture of Coccinia grandis, Leucas aspera, and Zingiber officinale was evaluated using in vitro-based assays: protease inhibition assay, protein denaturation inhibition assay, and phytochemical analysis. This study mainly focuses on finding the most potent plant extracts and their effectiveness. All data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation for all in vitro assays tested, and each analysis was done in triplicate. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using MINITAB 15 software and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) with the level of significance (p ≤ 0.05) (2-tailed) Results: The LCZ sample is analyzed for the protease inhibition assay, and the higher (500µg) concentration of the specimen mean value was identified as 37.4864%. In the albumin denaturation assay, the higher (500µg) concentration of the specimen mean value was 80.9151%. The LCZ sample's IC50 value was 68.56 µg/ml for the protease inhibitory assay. For the primary albumin denaturation assay, it was 42.66 µg/ml. Conclusion: The outcomes of our study propose that all portions of plants exhibit potent anti-inflammatory action. The existence of most general phytochemicals in LCZ extract may account for their medicinal impacts.
Saravanasingh Karan Chand Mohan Singh, Suresh Kumarasamy, Lakshmanakumar Venkatachalam, Ethel Shiny.S, Suguna Mani, Anbarasan Balasubramanian, Gnanavel P, Devaki R, V. Gowri, P. Bama
Integrating Ai And Microbial Biodegradation For Sustainable Solutions To Plastic Pollution
Introduction/Importance of Study: Pollution by plastics is a rapidly rising problem in the world, and conventional approaches to waste disposal are not effective. Another issue is to find new ways how to address the increase in the quantities of plastic in ecosystems. Novelty Statement: This research examines the coupling of artificial intelligence with microbial biodegradation, thus offering new concepts for optimizing plastics biodegradation solutions. Material and Methods: The use of artificial intelligence was applied in determining the relative efficiency of microbial strains, and enzymes used in the degradation of plastic. AI’s applications were examined for the ability to review cases and experimental data regarding the predictability of best conditions for biodegradation and the enhancement of microbial activity. Results and Discussion: AI was very effective in not only identifying and enhancing the microbial strains for degrading plastics but also in enhancing the economy. Est deposited for specific key case examined how AI tools enhance enzyme activity, strain identification, and ways to adapt to the environment; this gave more impetus to touch with scalability and prospects for industrial use. Conclusion: The application of AI in microbial biodegradation shifts the current management techniques from volumetric, energy, and resource–consuming present options to ecological and efficient models with huge potential to reduce the environmental degradation of plastics.
Perception towards Telepsychiatry; A Cross Sectional Survey of Psychiatry Doctors in Lahore
Background: The use of telepsychiatry involves utilizing technology to deliver a variety of services, such as psychotherapy, patient education, and medication management. Limiting access to recognized psychiatric services caused a rise in the demand for mental health care. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the convenience, feasibility, clinical effectiveness, safety, and willingness of psychiatrists in Lahore to use telemedicine and to adopt it. Material and Methodology: In this cross-sectional survey, an online self-developed questionnaire was sent to 100 psychiatrists working on different posts in Lahore from October 2021 to December 2021, from which 62 clinicians responded, leading to a response rate of 62%. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Chi-square and t-test were used to see the relationship and significant difference for categorical and numeric variables respectively. Results: The majority of participants belong to a younger age group (25-40), and female psychiatrists comprise a greater number (56.7%). There were 38.7% of the participants found using tele psychiatry in routine patient care convenient, 56.5% found it technically friendly, 41.9% had concerns regarding safety, and 58.1% showed willingness. Both private and hospital settings found tele psychiatry convenient (38.7%), technically friendly (56.5%), clinically effective (54.8%), and showed willingness to use it in the future (58.1%). Most of them found virtual consultation more convenient than a remote clinic requiring the presence of coordinator. Conclusion: Our study on psychiatrists for tele psychiatry found virtual consultation more convenient, effective, and feasible to use in routine patient care. There are still some challenges and barriers to overcome for its effectiveness in the future.
Muhammad Ali Awab Sarwar, Huda Sarwar , Ayub Ali Wardah shams , Maaz Suail Rana , Rabbia Ashraf
Uncommon presentations of carcinoma colon – Experience of a tertiary care centre
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide as of 2020. Unusual presentation of this cancer (abdominal wall abscess / enterocutaneous fistula) and locally advanced disease without metastasis is rare and seen in only 5% to 22% of cases. We report 3 unusual presentations of colonic carcinoma- 1st case of a 48 year old lady with a transverse colon tumor with direct invasion into anterior abdominal wall. 2nd case of a 28 year old gentleman with carcinoma sigmoid colon with enterocutaneous fistula , and the 3rd case of a 75 year old lady with transverse colon tumor presenting as an abdominal wall abscess. Because of the uncommon presentations, our purpose with this review is to set forth the proper approach when encountering such cases and point the significance of keeping a high index of suspicion. We also highlight the need for utilizing proper diagnostic imaging modalities prior to invasive intervention
Dr M.Banu, Dr Suhaildeen K, Dr Varadharajan V , Dr Balasubramanian V
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy Between Silodosin Monotherapy and Silodosin with Tadalafil Add-on Therapy in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Background: In aging men, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. Silodosin improves urinary flow by targeting alpha-1 receptors. Combining silodosin with tadalafil enhances symptom relief through synergistic smooth muscle relaxation, offering better management of BPH-related discomfort. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of silodosin monotherapy with silodosin and tadalafil add-on therapy in Benign prostatic hyperplasia patients. Methods: This was a prospective observational study that was conducted in the department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Bangladesh from January 2022 to December 2022. This study randomized 80 patients, age between 40-80 years with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) into two groups. Group A (40 patients) received silodosin 8 mg daily, while Group B (40 patients) received silodosin 8 mg plus tadalafil 5 mg daily. SPSS 23.0 analyzed data. Results: A comparison of IPSS scores between Group A and Group B showed significant reductions in both groups (p<0.001). Similarly, Post-Void Residual (PVR) volumes decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.001). Q-MAX scores and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores significantly improved in both groups (p<0.001). Group B demonstrated slightly greater reductions in IPSS and PVR, and greater improvements in Q-MAX and IIEF. Adverse effects were minimal, with slightly more cases of peripheral edema and dyspepsia in Group B. Conclusion: Silodosin monotherapy and Silodosin with Tadalafil add-on therapy significantly improve IPSS, PVR, Q-MAX, and IIEF scores. The combination therapy shows slightly better results, with minimal adverse effects. For better outcomes, combination therapy is recommended for moderate to severe symptoms
Dr. Mohammad Abdus Salam, Dr. Md. Nabid Alam, Dr. Mohammed Rafiqul Islam, Dr. Mohammad Nazrul Islam, Dr. Mohammad Faroque Eastiak
Studies on The Regulation of Aromatase For Brain Derived Estrogen: A Systematic Review
Despite being traditionally recognised as an ovarian endocrine signal, 17β-estradiol (E2) is also a neurosteroid that is generated in the brains of several animals by neurones and astrocytes. The location, regulation, sex variations, and physiological/pathological significance of brain-derived E2 (BDE2) are all well covered in this review. Studies employing particular inhibitors of the E2 production enzyme, aromatase, and the subsequent creation of conditional forebrain neuron-specific and astrocyte-specific aromatase knockout animal models have provided a large portion of our knowledge about the physiological roles of BDE2. According to the data from these investigations, neuron-derived E2 (NDE2) plays a crucial part in the control of memory, synaptic plasticity, sexual differentiation, reproduction, injury-induced reactive gliosis, neuroprotection, and sociosexual behavior.
Samreen, Dinesh Prajapati, Pallavi Sharma
Modeling and Optimization of Microgrid Networks Using Renewable Energy Sources
This research focuses on the modeling and optimization of microgrid networks incorporating renewable energy sources (RES), specifically solar and wind power. Microgrids are increasingly recognized for their ability to enhance energy efficiency and reliability, particularly in decentralized energy systems. However, the variability of RES poses significant challenges to their stability and cost-effectiveness. To address this, advanced optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were applied to optimize energy flow, minimize energy losses, and reduce operational costs in the microgrid. The results demonstrated that ANN-based optimization achieved the highest energy efficiency (88%), cost savings (13%), and reliability (99%). PSO and GA also showed notable improvements over the base model, though ANN was the most effective in handling the fluctuations inherent in RES generation. The findings suggest that integrating machine learning and optimization techniques into microgrid management systems can significantly enhance performance, supporting the transition to sustainable and resilient energy systems. Future research could explore hybrid optimization models, electric vehicle integration, and smart grid technologies to further improve microgrid scalability and efficiency.
Effectiveness of BlueM gel in post-surgical depigmentation healing: a case series
Introduction: Gingival depigmentation removes excessive melanin for aesthetic improvement, especially in patients with high lip lines. Effective postoperative care is essential for optimal outcomes. This study examines BlueM Gel, an oxygen-releasing gel, in promoting healing and reducing complications after gingival depigmentation surgery. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of BlueM Gel in accelerating healing and alleviating pain Methodology: A split-mouth study was conducted on 5 patients (≥18 years) with moderate to severe gingival pigmentation treated with Diode Laser. One side received BlueM Gel, while other side was left untreated. Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at intervals, while reepithelization was assessed with Methylene Blue stain for four weeks. Results: The BlueM Gel group reported significantly lower pain levels, experiencing no pain by day three compared to 20% in the control. Reepithelization was faster, with 90% achieving complete epithelialization by week two versus 30% in the control. Conclusion: BlueM Gel accelerates healing, reduces pain proving to be a superior adjunct to conventional treatment in post-surgical care for gingival depigmentation.
Dr. Chander Shekhar Joshi, Dr. Pradeep Shukla, Dr. Shreya Bansal, Dr. Akansha Garg, Dr. Shilpi
The Investigation Of Serum Level Of Selenium In Patients With Depression
Introduction: Depression is one of the most important problems of human in 21th century. Considering its high prevalence, economic and health costs caused by depression and its chronic and debilitating course, it is necessary to investigate its risk factors in order to choose better methods of treatment and prevention. Selenium deficiency is believed to be a risk factor for depression. The neuroprotective activities of selenium and selenium compounds are well known, at least through their antioxidant actions, so the aim of this study is to investigate serum selenium levels in patients with depression. Materials and methods: This study was based on a case-control study. The target population was 30 patients suffering from depression and 30 healthy controls referred to Shahid Mofateh Clinic of Yasuj. Beck Depression Questionnaire was used to determine the level of depression of participants and serum samples of participants were used to determine selenium concentrations. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The average age in 30 cases with depression was equal to 41±13.05 years. Most of the people suffering from depression were female which included 25 people among 30 people were the case group. There was no observed a statistically significant difference between the age, gender, and marital status variables in both case and control groups, but there was observed a statistically significant difference between the variables of education level, economic status and nutritional status of people. The average serum concentration of selenium in the case group was equal to 89.10 ± 32.21 μg/liter and this amount in the control group was equal to 95.90 ± 36.03 μg/liter, although the observed difference between the case group was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although the role of selenium in depression has been discussed in some studies, but in this study no convincing relationship was found despite its lower serum concentration in depressed people.
Mohammadi Ali, Mohajeri Fatemeh, Hashemimohammadabad Nazir
Effectiveness Of Psychoeducation On The Recurrence Prevention Of Bipolar I Disorder Symptoms: A Comparative Study Of Individual And Family Interventions
The increasing burden of chronic illnesses, including Bipolar I Disorder, has necessitated the exploration of complementary treatments alongside conventional psychiatric interventions. This study investigates the effectiveness of psychoeducation as a supplementary treatment in preventing the recurrence of Bipolar I Disorder symptoms, specifically comparing individual psychoeducation and family-based psychoeducation. A sample of 66 patients diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder was selected and randomly assigned to one of three groups: individual psychoeducation, family-based psychoeducation, and a control group receiving only standard psychiatric care. The study employed the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) to assess manic and depressive symptoms, while laboratory measures of lithium and bilirubin levels were monitored. Data were collected at three points: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The findings revealed significant differences in manic symptoms and lithium levels between the groups. Specifically, the family-based psychoeducation group, combined with pharmacotherapy, showed significantly lower mean scores in manic symptoms and higher lithium levels compared to the control group at both post-test and follow-up. No significant effects were observed for depressive symptoms or bilirubin levels across the groups. These results suggest that family-based psychoeducation effectively controls manic symptoms by increasing lithium levels in patients, both in the short and long term. Therefore, integrating family-based psychoeducation with psychiatric treatment is recommended to prevent unexpected recurrences of manic episodes in patients with Bipolar I Disorder. However, the study did not find evidence of efficacy in addressing depressive symptoms or bilirubin levels.
Samaneh Ghooshchian Choobmasjedi, Shahrokh Makvand-Hosseini
Mechanisms And Strategies To Address Special Educational Needs For The Visually Impaired.
The inclusion of people with disabilities in regular education is especially important. Higher education institutions have a social responsibility to facilitate the incorporation of these minorities in this level because they have no other training alternatives. There is a group of blind and visually impaired students in the various educational programs at the Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil. The current study's objective was to analyze the aids and instructional support needed by the target population for their effective inclusion in the university's programs. The case study is the methodological reference of the project. To accomplish our research objective, open-ended interviews were conducted with seven students registered in the institution. The interview results are presented as a cross analysis or contrasting cases, which reveal the degree of vision as an incident in their pathways, and the need for support that should be promoted at this University.
Norma Garcés,Genesis Salazar,Manuel Chenet
The Social Role Of University Of Guayaquil
The university of the XXI century in Ecuador has become a fundamental pillar for the development of nations since its inception, in these places a specialized training is granted for the incorporation of graduates to the world of work, being of great demand in Ecuadorian society, but with the problem of not receiving the attention deserved with access to other opportunities that require less academic preparation or by the lack of economic resources of the population. This responds to the demand in the labor market through which, and according to the degree to which the individual advances, will be of greater competition, passing from a mercantilist plane and unnoticed by the rest of the functions of the institution such as social involvement and the importance of research by teachers and students. Therefore, an exploratory study was carried out by surveys of students of the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Education Sciences of the University of Guayaquil to know their interests regarding why they study a career and the benefits they expect to obtain from it. Among the responses, the most representative was its strong link between its preparation and the demands of the work, followed by competent training that conforms to the minimum standards, in which there is little interest in research and is not supported by the economic aspect. Ecuador finds it difficult to compete with other countries if there is no minimum control over current professional expectations and needs.
The Correct Training of a Research Teacher
The training of a researcher teacher is extremely necessary for the educational system, the amount of scientific material obtained helps to form study strategies and learning methods that are attractive to the student population. Taking into account that the main objective of a researcher teacher is to discover and innovate the theoretical foundations in order to apply them proactively, the initial methodology was documented and then applied as an approach to research in the educational context, the result of this article was very satisfactory for teachers, the process was supported by educational scientific research, with planning, action and reflection in the search for the correct training of a researcher teacher. The intention of this article is to establish results of experiences of educational researchers, in this period, projects were carried out directly linked to educational research, which dealt with verbal interaction, classroom administration and institutional change. The means of the studies regarding building the educational context, interpreting it, simultaneously with the observed students, and the educational actions carried out from the data collected, this article starts by philosophizing about the question: Why is it essential for the teacher to investigate? It highlights how the results of qualitative research contribute to teaching and the training of teachers and emphasizes the deprivation of living, analyzing, understanding, and interpreting the processes of the concrete educational reality.
Bio-Analytical Method Development and Validation for Determination of Anti-Retroviral Drug (Covid-19) Remdesivir in Rat Plasma by using Novel RP-HPLC
A dependable and validated bio-analytical method that makes use of Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used in this investigation in order to accurately detect the quantities of Remdesivir that were present in the plasma of rats. The method was able to exhibit excellent accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, and precision in accordance with the parameters established by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The efficacy and reliability of the technique were both improved as a result of the remarkable recoveries that were obtained from the sample extraction process employing basic protein precipitation. Statistical techniques were used to conduct an analysis of the data, which confirmed that the approach that was provided is suitable for conducting bioequivalence testing and routine commercial analysis of Remdesivir samples in drug samples and drug goods. Remdesivir formulations may be efficiently tested pharmacokinetically and quality control assessed using this proven technique. This is made possible by the integrity and effectiveness of this essential antiviral medicine.
Incorporating AI In Caries Risk Assessment Tool: A Review Article
Dental caries remains a leading global public health concern, affecting individuals across all age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. As a multifactorial disease, caries is influenced by factors such as bacterial presence, diet, saliva, host susceptibility, and fluoride exposure. Traditional approaches to caries diagnosis have primarily focused on detecting lesions once they have manifested, often resulting in a reactive rather than proactive approach to oral health. Caries Risk Assessment Tools (CRATs) have been developed to identify individuals at high risk of developing caries, allowing for the implementation of preventive strategies aimed at minimizing the onset and progression of the disease. This review article examines the various CRATs available today, including well-established methods like the CARIogram and the American Dental Association’s (ADA) Caries Risk Assessment Form, as well as newer tools that incorporate salivary biomarkers and microbiological testing. Additionally, the paper explores the integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and digital platforms, which have the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of caries risk predictions. The role of diet, fluoride, and socioeconomic factors in caries risk assessment is also discussed, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive, personalized approach to prevention. While CRATs offer promising benefits in improving caries prevention and management, there are limitations to consider, such as the variability in tool effectiveness across populations and the complexity of some tools. Despite these challenges, CRATs remain essential for guiding clinical decisions, providing tailored care, and ultimately reducing the burden of dental caries worldwide. Future advancements in salivary diagnostics, AI applications, and public health initiatives hold significant potential for enhancing the accessibility and effectiveness of caries risk assessments, leading to improved oral health outcomes globally.
Dr Mohnish Muchhal,Dr Sanchit Pradhan ,Dr Supurna Pandit ,Dr. Monika Kumari,Dr. Abhay Saini ,Dr. Vivek Prakash Singh
Management Of Haemorrhoids With Individualised Homoeopathic Medicine – A Case Report
The word Haemorrhoid is derived from the Greek word haem meaning blood and rhoos meaning flowing. Haemorrhoid commonly known as Piles is a swollen and inflamed vascular structure in the rectal and anal regions. They are a prevalent condition affecting individuals of all ages, with a higher incidence among adults. Classified as internal or external based on their location, haemorrhoid can cause symptoms such as pain, itching, bleeding, and discomfort during bowel movements. Risk factors include chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, obesity, and pregnancy, all of which contribute to increased pressure in the rectal veins. Whereas homoeopathic literature enlists many medicines for this condition, there is a paucity of evidence-based published studies
Dr. Chayanika Dhar, Dr. Vishnukant Sharma, Dr.Rinku Bishwas , Dr.Ruchi Biswas
A Case Series on Adrenal Tumors: Clinical Spectrum, Pathological Diversity and the Role of Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Adrenal tumors exhibit a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic incidentalomas to hormonally active lesions causing hypertension, hypokalemia, or symptoms of hormonal excess. This case series is a retrospective study which included 14 patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy over the last 3 years at our institute. The study included predominantly middle-aged females. Functional tumors constituted 71.4% of cases, including Conn’s syndrome (40%), pheochromocytomas (40%), and Cushing’s syndrome (20%) of these functional tumors. Pathological diagnoses included adrenocortical adenomas (42.9%), pheochromocytomas (28.6%), and rare lesions such as ganglioneuroma and adrenocortical carcinoma. Larger tumors (>6 cm) demonstrated a higher risk of malignancy and surgical complexity. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, performed in 85.7% of cases, proved to be a safe and effective approach, with a low conversion rate to open surgery (14.3%) due to vascular complications in complex cases. Perioperative stabilization was critical in functional tumors, particularly in pheochromocytoma patients. 75% of pheochromocytoma patients experienced intraoperative hypotension requiring inotropic support. Postoperative outcomes were favorable, with most complications (78.6%) categorized as minor (Clavien-Dindo grade 0-II). Persistent hypertension was noted in a 3 out of 10 patients, requiring ongoing antihypertensive medications postoperatively. This study underscores the spectrum of clinical presentations, diversity of adrenal pathologies, the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for perioperative stabilization, and the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy as the standard treatment.
Dr. Ravikumar.B.R, Dr. Amruthraj.G.Gowda, Dr. Salapala Vijay, Dr. Mashook Abdul Khader
Experimental Process Of Developing Life Skills Educating Competency For Pedagogy Students In Vietnam
Experimenting with the process of developing the life skills educating competency for students in education is the final and crucial step in our paper “Developing the life skills educating competency for students in education” in which we proposed the process of developing the life skills educating competency for students in education. This is a gap and a weak point in Vietnamese pedagogical institutions. The proposed process is recommended for use in integrated teaching of subjects that have significant potential for developing life skills educating competencies for students in pedagogical schools. With this process, we hope to contribute an effective approach for pedagogical institutions in training their students’ capacity to educate life skills, and help them to meet requirements for educating life skills in the current context of innovating general education in Vietnam after their graduation. The process of developing life skills educating competencies for students in education was experimentally tested by the research group during the teaching of Educational Science at Hanoi National University of Education. The results of two-round experiments were tested using T-tests, Sig. (2-tailed), and other statistical findings to validate the usefulness of the process. The experimental results were then presented and analyzed in this paper to confirm that the process can be applied in pedagogical institutions for use in training their students’ life skills educating competencies.
Trương Thị Hoa, Trinh Thuy Giang, Nguyen Thi Thanh Tra, Le Thi Hoang LanVũ Lệ Hoa, Nguyễn Thúy Quỳnh, Đào Thị Thu Trang, Phí Thị Thu Trang
Effectiveness Of Android-Based Preeclampsia Early Detection And Promply Treatment Education To Improve Ante-Natal Care Adherence And Prevent Ante-Natal Complications
Background Indonesia is one of the Asian countries in which the maternal mortality rate has tremendously increased. That is why this study deemed to determine the effectiveness of android-based preeclampsia early detection and promptly treatment education to improve ante natal care adherence and prevent ante natal complications. Methodology The Solomon Four-Group Design was the research design used in this quasi-experimental study. The pre- and post-tests used a survey questionnaire that underwent pilot study and member checking from experts. The full-scale study used 80 experimental and 80 control having a total of 160 enrolled participants using the quota sampling technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Before implementation of the android-based preeclampsia detector for both experimental and control groups, Complications were found to be 26.33±30.09 significant (p<0.05), Adherence with 40±45.25 were significant (p<0.05), and participants' Knowledge Levels with 23.33±13.05 were significant (p<0.05). After implementation of the conventional way of detecting preeclampsia among the control group, Complications were found to be 1.94±0.54 with insignificant probabilities classified as “No Risk” (p=0.175), “Moderate Risk” (p=0.7125), and “High Risk” (p=0.1125). The Adherence were found to be 1.0±0.30 with insignificant probabilities classified as “Obedient” (p=0.10), and “Disobedient” (p=0.90). While participants' Knowledge Levels were found to be 1.68±0.71 with insignificant probabilities classified as “Bad” (p=0.46), “Fair” (p=0.3625), and “Good” (p=0.1750). After implementation of the android-based preeclampsia detector among the experimental group, Complications were found to be 1.14±0.413 significant (p=0.046), Adherence 1.38±0.487 to be significant (p=0.0504), and participants' Knowledge Levels to be 1.61 ±0.665 significant (p<0.05). Conclusion Ultimately, the Android-based preeclampsia detector has the potential to significantly improve health outcomes for pregnant women by ensuring that they have the tools and resources necessary to manage their health proactively.
Nia Desriva, Tukimin Bin Sansuwito, Regidor III Dioso
Ultrasound Image Classification for Kidney Stone Detection Using CNN-SVM Hybrid Model
Kidney stones are a common urological problem that, if not identified and treated promptly, can result in excruciating pain and complications. This paper suggests a novel method based on classification algorithms for kidney stone detection. There are several important steps in the approach. An ultrasonic image dataset must be first collected and preprocessed with adaptive thresholding, Gaussian filter, and unsharp masking before trying to enhance the picture and remove noise. The dataset is then shortly separated into train and test sets. Data augmentation techniques are used on the training set to improve its diversity. The individual CNN architecture, which is designed for the feature extraction process from utile images. It consists of multiple convolution layers, max-pooling layers, ReLU (rectified linear unit) layers etc. and the model is trained on a train set using Adam optimizer. The ultrasound dataset is processed to extract Grey-Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) features and these are concatenated with the CNN extracted features. We concatenate the extracted features and employ a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to learn. Testing: In the testing phase, accuracy as well as sensitivity and specificity is computed for the learned classifier on the test dataset. This paper provides a robust method for the detection of kidney stones based on classification algorithms. The method it proposes can help in swifter detection of stone formation in kidneys than its changes and detection for enhanced patient outcomes. Obtained results via the proposed method reached 93.22%, with a sensitivity of 92,5% and specificity of 93.59%.
Omar Hussien AL-Beak, Nasseer M. Basheer
Development, And Characterization Of Ligand-Conjugated Gemcitabine Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes For The Treatment Of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally, with an estimated 2.2 million new cases in 2020. It is a major cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for roughly 1.8 million deaths each year. The disease is categorized into two main types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is more common and typically develops at a slower rate, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is less common but grows and spreads more quickly. The leading risk factor for lung cancer is smoking, which is responsible for approximately 85% of all cases. Passive smoking, or exposure to second-hand smoke, is also a well-established risk factor. Additionally, air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), significantly increases lung cancer risk. Exposure to hazardous substances, such as asbestos and radon, further increases the likelihood of developing the disease. Occupational exposure to carcinogens contributes to an estimated 9–15% of lung cancer cases. Research also highlights a potential link between lung cancer and viruses, such as human papillomaviruses (HPV). The primary prevention strategy for lung cancer is tobacco control and smoking prevention. Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can reduce mortality by detecting cancer early. Approximately 90% of lung cancer patients initially present with non-specific symptoms, such as cough, weight loss, chest pain, and dyspnea, often causing diagnostic delays. Basic diagnostic procedures include medical history and clinical examination, Laboratory tests (blood count, liver and kidney function, coagulation, electrolytes), Chest X-ray (initial imaging), Spiral CT of the thorax (contrast-enhanced), Bronchoscopy, Abdominal ultrasound Treatment depends on the cancer type and stage, involving surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Early-stage NSCLC with complete tumor resection has improved 5-year survival rates, with up to 72% survival in stage IA. However, 60–70% of SCLC cases are diagnosed at advanced stage IV, with a 5% two-year survival rate. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer a cutting-edge approach to lung cancer treatment by enabling precise drug delivery, reducing side effects, and targeting cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. Their nanoscale size ensures deep tumor penetration, while their multifunctional capabilities support combination therapies and photothermal treatments. CNTs also overcome drug resistance, facilitate real-time monitoring, and enable early intervention, making them a promising tool for improving outcomes and quality of life in lung cancer patients. This study aimed to target lung cancer cells, to reduce the overall toxicity of the cytotoxic drugs.
Molecular Detection of Epstein–Barr Virus, Human Herpes Virus 6, with Multiple Sclerosis
Background and Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering factors have been suggested, including environmental, genetic and gender components. However, underlying infectious triggers to the disease are also suspected. There is an increasing abundance of evidence supporting a viral etiology to MS, including the efficacy of interferon therapy and over-detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids when compared with healthy patients, Furthermore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between viral diseases, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus and MS in the present case-control study. Materials and Methods: Patients with MS were recruited from our clinic population, and blood was drawn while they were in clinic for standard clinical care. The study was enrolled-with 60 MS patients (40 female/20 males, rang years of age 10-65), and 50 healthy-looking controls (25 female/25 males, Rang 17-70 years of age). All patients were admitted in Al-Sadder- Medical City in Al-Najaf Province from December up to March 2024.all subjects signed informed consent. five milliliters of blood were collected in EDTA tube, the samples were allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 min and maintained at -20°C in order to viral DNA Extraction using a specific viral DNA extraction kit (Patho Gene-spinTM DNA/RNA Extraction Kit, Intron/Korea); as a preliminary step to amplify the target HHV-6 DNA and EBV-DNA, according to the manufacturer’s instructions in order to use in Real Time PCR. Results: One hundred and ten cases included in this study (60 out of 110 was diagnosis with MS 21 male and 39 female) with Mean+-SDE age (31.66 ± 11.10) years, ranging from 9 to 63 years, and 50 out of 110 23 males and 27female apparently healthy control while the mean age of healthy controls was 32.42 ± 11.89 years, ranging from 17 to 70 years. The results of RT-PCR amplification revealed that the ratio of positive detection of Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) 23 (38.3%) out of 60 patients with MS and 6 (12.0%) of healthy control has positive detection of HHV-6, and the difference was significant (P= 0.002) as shown in Table (4). Furthermore, the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with MS and healthy control show 38 (63.3%) out of 60 patients with MS and 12 (24.0 %) of healthy control have positive detection of EBV, and the difference was significant (P= 0.001). Conclusion: We detected a significantly higher number of individuals with DNA of EBV and HHV6 in their blood among patient with MS compared with the control group, the results suggest association between the presence of DNA of HHV6, EBV and MS.
Problems And Prospects Of Organic Food Marketers In Kanniyakumari District – A Study
In India organic food market is the most rapidly increasing market. This paper focuses on the problems faced by the marketers of organic food and the prospects of marketing of the organic food products. According to the findings of the study, the Kanniyakumari district’s organic food marketing is gradually expanding. The marketers of organic food are reasonably good income afford for organic products. However, and Limited Availability are the most important challenge faced by the marketers of organic food products. It can be concluded that marketers have better experience with organic food products for a decade. The primary determinants of organic food marketing are product quality, pricing, and market promotion. In addition to offering promotions to draw in new customers, marketers must develop plans for retaining their current customers. The four main issues that marketers deal with are cost, marketing, advertising, and awareness. By fixing these issues, marketers will build a solid foundation for their market that will enable them to turn a profit and successfully manage the market.
Dr. C.A. Nisha,Dr. R.N. Mary Jasmine Mony
A Study Of Hba1c Estimation In 1st Trimester And Its Relationship With The Risk For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Gestational diabetes, often referred to as GDM, is a prevalent pregnancy complication that is linked to detrimental consequences for both the mother and the baby. Specifically, mothers with GDM face an elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases later in life, while their offspring are at an increased risk of macrosomia and obesity. Nearly 90% of pregnant women in Diabetes Mellitus are diagnosed with GDM. The prevalence of GDM varies in different regions based on factors such as ethnicity, race, and lifestyle. In India, the prevalence of GDM ranges from 3.8% to 20%. The use of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is primarily intended for diagnosing and managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compared to FBS and PP tests, HbA1c measures the average glucose concentration from the previous two to three months. This test does not require fasting and has lower intra-individual variability, making it a more suitable option for patients.
Dr. Neha Saxena ,Dr. Nita Sahi ,Dr Raj Kumar Paliwal ,Dr. Ankur Shah ,Disha Sahi,Mrs. Kinnari Johari
Advanced Deep Neural Network Approaches for Classification and Denoising of Microscopic Malaria-Infected Cells in Thin Blood Smear Imaging
Image denoising poses a major challenge in the field of medical imaging, particularly when analyzing thin blood smear images to detect malaria-infected cells. Most traditional noise-freezing methods cannot accomplish image noise-freezing because the various noise types in medical images are too complex. This study presents a dedicated noise-freezing approach that leverages state-of-the-art deep neural network architectures to noise-freeze images of malaria-infected cells in thin blood smears. It uses a two-network method. The first network is designed to identify and classify some of the most prevalent noise types in the medical imaging field: speckle noise, salt and pepper noise, Poisson noise, and Gaussian noise. The first network helps to classify the noise, and based on the previous classification, the second network performs noise-freezing using the information from the first network to effectively remove the identified noise types. This customized method approach aims to provide a solution to these challenges while dealing with the specific noise types provided by images of malaria-infected cells. The results show that in addition to producing higher accuracy in classifying noise, the high quality of noise-free images has also improved significantly.
Muhammad Shameem P, Dr. Mathiarasi Balakrishnan
Evaluate The Pathogenicity Of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta Absoluta In Wasit Province, Iraq
The study was conducted after collecting the pathogenic nematodes (EPNs) soil samples from Wasit Province, Iraq, using the white trap method using Galleria mellonella larvae, then identification as local nematodes (Heterorhabditis indica, H. megidis) comparing with commercial nematode H. bacteriophora. The commercial and native EPNs were used as biological control agents targeting Tuta absoluta larvae and pupae during the tomato growing season in the Suwayra area in Wasit province. A laboratory experiment used one microliter of nematode suspension containing Heterorhabditis indica or H. migidis and H. bacteriophora per larva. All three species of EPNs, both native and commercial, impacted Tuta absoluta larvae and resulted in varying mortality rates. The longer exposure time and higher concentration both amplified the effect. After seven days of treatment, the larvae in the current study experienced high mortalities. Among the species utilized in the study, H. bacteriophora was the most effective, with the most significant average mortality rate of 94.4% at a 200 Ijs/ml dosage. At the same concentration, H. megidis came in second with 90.7%. Additionally, after seven days of mortality, the species H. bacteriophorarecorded the most significant average mortality rate, at 80.6%, followed by the species H. indica, at 77.8%, while the average EPNS species with time in the seven days that showed in H.bacteriophoria at 80.6% most effective than the H.indica at 77.8% and H.megidis at 73.6%, This is mainly significant against the larvae of T. absoluta. The examined pupae exhibited sensitivity to infection by all evaluated EPNs, with the highest mortality rate seen at the maximum dose (200 IJs/ml) after 7 days of exposure. which was 100%. The mortality of tested pupae was increased with the increase of EPN concentration and period of exposure in all treatments. The highest average of pupal mortality was recorded at the concentration of (200 Ijs /ml) in the instance of H. megidis, which was 94.44%, and the lowest average of pupal mortality was recorded at the concentration of (50 Ijs/ml) in the particular situation of H. indica, which was 24.11%. The result also revealed that H. megidis was more effective than the other species, recording the highest average of pupal mortality (66.86% ), followed by H. bacteriophora (58.89% ) and the lowest by H. indica (54.01% ).In the field condition that all entomopathogenic nematodes affect the larvae of T. absoluta and the highest percentage of larval fatality was 83.33% in the case of H. bacteriophora at the concentration (200 ijs/ml) and the lowest one in the case of H. migidis at the concentration (150 ijs/ml). The mortality of larvae was proportional with the concentration, while the p-value in concentration (150 ijs/ml) was 0.720 and in concentration (200 ijs/ml) was 0.609 >0.05. These results were significant, and the L.S.D resulted in 1.762 in concentration (150 ijs/ml) and 1.489 in concentration (200 ijs/ml>0.005); also the findings indicated that the pupae of the leaf miner Tuta absoluta exhibited vulnerability to all three examined nematode species. The highest percentage of pupal mortality was 66.67% in the case of H. bacteriophoraand H. Indica at a concentration of (200 ijs/ml) and the lowest one in the case of H. migidisat the concentration of (150 ijs/ml), which was 33.33%. The mortality of pupae was proportional with the nematode concentration, and the P value in (150 ijs/ml) was 0.903 and in (200 ijs/ml) was 1.186.L.S.D in (150 ijs/ml) was 2.209 and in (200 ijs/ml) was 2.903 this resulted was accepted that showed the affected of entomopathogenic species in the field condition. Our research showed that the pathogenic nematodes of three species (Heterorhabditis. ssp.) are effective against the T. absoluta stages of life. This biological control is the best and safest way for humans, animals, and plants to eliminate insect pests without collateral damage.
Nawar Jaber Alasdi, Muhammed Jubair Hanawi, Jawad Bulbul Al-Zaidawi
Molecular Mechanisms And Therapeutic Challenges In Breast Cancer Progression And Metastasis
Background: Breast cancer is the most common oncological condition in women worldwide. The mortality rate due to breast cancer is rising, particularly in advanced stages where the disease spreads to vital organs such as the lungs, bone marrow, and liver. Despite extensive research, the cause of the increasing death rate remains unclear. Objectives: To identify key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in breast cancer progression and to highlight the molecular and cellular factors that contribute to metastasis and organ selectivity in advanced stages of the disease. Methods: Review of both basic and clinical studies that have uncovered oncogenes such as HER-2/Neu, cyclins D1, D3, and E, and tumor suppressor genes including p53, ATM, PTEN, BRCA1, and BRCA2. The role of these genes, along with the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies was examined. Results: In early-stage breast cancer, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are effective in achieving remission. However, the prognosis for invasive and metastatic breast cancer remains poor, as these forms of the disease are currently incurable. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind metastasis and organ-specific dissemination is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. Conclusions: Advances in the molecular and cellular understanding of breast cancer metastasis could lead to more effective therapeutic interventions, particularly in addressing organ-specific dissemination. Future research is needed to target the incurable nature of metastatic breast cancer and improve survival rates.
Comparative Outcomes of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy vs. Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Treating Obstructive Hydrocephalus
Background: Obstructive hydrocephalus, characterized by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation due to flow obstruction, requires effective management to prevent neurological damage. Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (VPS) in treating obstructive hydrocephalus. Methodology: A prospective, comparative observational study was conducted at the Mardan Medical Complex Mardan, KPK, Pakistan from January 2023 to December 2023. There were sixty patients getting VPS and sixty undergoing ETV. Data were gathered on follow-up, clinical outcomes, surgical complications, etiology of hydrocephalus, and demographics. Chi-square tests were used to compare categorical data, whereas descriptive statistics were used to describe patient features. To evaluate differences in continuous variables like the length of hospital stay, independent t-tests were used. P-values less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Results: ETV achieved a higher success rate with 45 patients (75%) experiencing successful outcomes compared to 40 patients (66.67%) in the VPS group, though this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.30). The ETV group had fewer postoperative complications, with 2 infections (3.33%) and 1 CSF leak (1.67%), while the VPS group had 5 infections (8.33%) and 3 CSF leaks (5.00%). ETV also resulted in a significantly shorter hospital stay (mean 5.52 days) compared to VPS (mean 7.29 days, p=0.001). The number of revision surgeries was lower in the ETV group (mean 0.13) compared to the VPS group (mean 0.33, p=0.02). Long-term outcomes showed better results for ETV in terms of quality of life improvement and fewer recurrent symptoms. Conclusion: In terms of success rates, complications, and length of hospital stay, ETV often provides better results than VPS for obstructive hydrocephalus; nevertheless, the decision of therapy should be based on the unique circumstances of each patient.
Murad Ali, Bashir Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Sajjad, Hamidullah
Optimizing Doxycycline delivery through Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complexfilms: Development and Characterization
In this study, doxycyclineloaded chitosan polyelectrolyte complex films were developed using xanthan gum and pectin to achieve controlled drug release for biomedical applications. The polyelectrolyte complexes were characterized through various tests, including physicochemical analysis, moisture content, swelling index, water vapor transmission, drug content, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro release of doxycycline was examined in pH 7.4 buffer at 37°C. The release data were interpreted using various kinetic models, with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model showing the best fit. The doxycyclineloaded PEC films demonstrated good antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus. The prepared films were appropriate for slow and sustained release of doxycycline over a 24-hour period, deemed to be ideal for use as antimicrobial wound dressings.
Mudundi Tejo Manasa, Kolapalli Venkata Ramana Murthy
Virtual Reality In Medical Education: Unlocking Potential, Overcoming Barriers, And Paving The Way Forward - A Systematic Review.
Purpose To assess the impact of virtual reality (VR) on medical education, emphasizing learning objectives and implementation challenges, and to suggest methods for sustainability along with effective integration. Methods A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the use of virtual reality (VR) in medical education, focusing on its impact on learner satisfaction, skill development, and learning outcomes. The study reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024 by searching databases such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Data extraction and synthesis were conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to ensure methodological rigor. The quality of the included studies was examined using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials and the Medical Education Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) for other study designs. Meta-analysis was conducted by applying effect size statistics to the relevant data. Results Analysis was done on 50 research with 10,000 participants. VR showed notable advantages in student satisfaction, information retention, and skill acquisition. High expenses, technology constraints, and integration problems were among the difficulties. VR has the potential for global accessibility and individualized learning. Conclusion Virtual reality can revolutionize medical education by improving memory recall, skill development, and student engagement. However, addressing challenges such as cost, technology limitations, and integration issues requires strategic investments and collaboration.
Mujeeb Ur Rehman Parrey, Muhammad Omer Afzal Bhatti, Riyad Yahia Mustafa Al laham, Saima Rehman, Ahmed Hamad Ahmed Sulaiman, Hafiz Osman Ibnidris Almisbah
Agricultural Productivity, Cropping Patterns and Cropping Intensity in Haryana: A Comprehensive Review
Agriculture is the main occupation of the rural population in Haryana. Steady growth in production and productivity of agriculture is very important for the overall sustainability of the economy of Haryana state. Thus, it becomes necessary to understand the important role and status of agriculture in Haryana. The cropping pattern, influenced by multifaceted factors, not only shapes production landscapes but also reflects local dietary preferences. Over the decades, Haryana has witnessed significant shifts in its cropping pattern, notably driven by the Green Revolution era starting in the 1960s. The Green Revolution significantly influenced the production of staple food crops in Haryana. The present research article attempts to present an analytical account of major crops in Haryana. This study aims to reveal the complexities of agricultural productivity in Haryana by examining crop production, area coverage, cropping patterns, and production trends. The green revolution has highly affected the cropping pattern of Haryana because it improved the production of wheat and rice and their prices. Drawing upon secondary data sources, this paper primarily focuses on production trends, cropping patterns, productivity, and cropping intensity. The secondary data is collected from statistical abstracts of Haryana from three decades i.e. 2000-01,2010-11 and 2020-21. The study concluded that the cropping pattern of Haryana preferred cereals mainly rice and wheat while pulses have shown a declining trend and oilseeds have an increasing trend.
Canagliflozin: A Literature Review On Analytical And Bioanalytical Method
Sodium-Glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of type-II diabetes, offering a new approach to managing the disease. Various analytical techniques have been employed to analyze Canagliflozin in biological samples. Spectroscopic methods, such as chromogenic and derivative techniques, have been utilized for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Canagliflozin. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) are among the most commonly used methods for the analysis of Canagliflozin in biological matrices. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the analytical methods used for the analysis of Canagliflozin. It highlights the different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques employed, as well as the sample processing options, chromatographic/detection settings, and validation parameters used in these methods. By compiling this information in a systematic manner, this review serves as a valuable resource for analysts looking to develop and validate analytical methods for Canagliflozin and similar drugs.
Gowri Sankar Chintapalli, Kriti kumari, Hemant kumar Panday, Santanu Kumar Hotta, Snigdha Rani Behera
Role of Digital Media and Social Media in the Lifestyle of Indian Doctors During Covid-19
Health care sector facing unprecedented challenges during Covid-19. This time many digital app and platforms for communication, information dissemination, and professional collaboration surged. In India, Covid- 19 infection has caused severe damage to all the citizens and regions. At this time the case of covid- 19 patients was increasing day to day, which is no less than a challenge for the health department. This research paper has been analysis with the help of secondary sources. By collecting data from News and research Articles from Shodhganga, Research Gate, The Times of India, Hindustan Times, Danik Jagaran etc. This study examine the impact of digital and social media on the lifestyle of Indian doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Prashant Rai, Prof. Jai Prakash Singh, Dimple, Dr. Bhawani Singh, Dr. Anuj Goswami, Dilip Murmu, Dr. Namrata Gaurav, Dr. Piyush Kumar Singh
Exploring the Nutritional and Probiotic Potential of Palmyra Sprouts: A Study on Gut Microbiota Enhancement
Introduction: The Palmyra tree's botanical name is Borassus flabellifer L.It is more fibrous and nutritious and is called Palmyra Sprout in English. Palmyra sprout is a sprout that develops on Palmyra palms or Borassus flabellifer. It aids in decreasing body heat and averts irregular stool. Objectives: In our study, we are analyzing whether palm sprout enhances gut microbiota health using prebiotics. Methods: Prebiotics are described as a non-digestible dietary component that benefits the host by favorably influencing the development or functioning of a small number of microbes in the colon, thereby enhancing host health and analyzing powder characterizations by employing the physicochemical tests (loss on drying, ash test, crude fiber content, water-soluble extraction), and determination of calcium, and carbohydrates. For gut microbiota health, the beneficial bacteria are Lactobacillus. Results: we finally checked the growth of the palm sprout on nutrient agar by microbial growth of Lactobacillus for 24 hours. We also evaluated the palm sprout and nutrient agar absorbance at 570 nm on a colorimeter for 24 hours. From the results, we observed that the Lactobacillus can grow in the palm sprout medium. Conclusion: The palm sprout enhances the gut microbiota health using prebiotics were examined successfully.
Saravanasingh Karan Chand Mohan Singh, Suresh Kumarasamy, Ethel Shiny.S, A. Jayakalaiarasi, P. Bama, V. sathiya, D.A. Kumarakurubaran, Gnanavel P, P. Chakravarthi, V. Gowri
Paper Title: Measurement of Kidney Volume using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Saudi Population
Introduction: In the clinical setting, kidney size determination is crucial since it can help with decision-making regarding the management approach. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has made it possible to estimate the mass or organ volume. When measuring organ volume, the MDCT, which produces 3-D reconstruction images, is especially accurate. Objectives: This study aimed to measure kidney volume by using MDCT. Methods: The data used in this study was collected from Dar Alshefa Hospital from June 2024 to July 2024. A total of 50 patients were examined in the CT department with the Geb machine Optima16 slice. Results: The study is based on measurements of renal dimensions to determine the relationship between age and volume, and renal ellipsoid were the three measuring tools used These were done to obtain: renal length, width, and thickness to estimate the renal volume. These characteristics were utilised to model the renal volume equation with the spss and to compute renal volume using the rotational renal ellipsoid and it became clear to us that the most patients in the age group (36-50) were 21(42%) then the age group (20-35) were 16(32%) then (51-65) were 9 (18%) and at last age group (>65) were 4(8%).there was a statistically significant difference in LT length between males and females(sig=0.033) with mean (95.4(16.8)mm for males and (100.4(8.6)mm for females and in RT volume (sig.=0.035) with mean(133(48.3) cm3 for males and (115.8(32.1) cm3 for females and there was statistically insignificant difference in other kidneys measurements between males and females (sig.>0.05). The mean of Age (43.1(14.3) yrs, LT length (97.3(14.4)mm, LT width (49.1(8.5)mm, LT thickness (50.9(7.5)mm, LT volume (129.8(40.8)cm3, RT length (94.9(17)mm, RT width (46.7(7.2)mm, RT thickness (53.4(9.4)mm and RT volume (126.5(43.4) cm3 there was statistically significant correlation between gender and RT width (p-value = 0.00) and was statistically insignificant correlation between gender and other kidneys measurements (p-value > 0.05), between age and all kidneys measurements (p-value > 0.05 Conclusions: The study concluded that most patients were male in the age group (36-50) the mean LT volume was (129.8-40.8)cm3 RT volume was (126.5-43.4) cm3, there was a statistically significant correlation between gender and RT width, there was a statistically significant difference in LT length and RT volume between males and females.
Abbas Khalid Abbas Ibrahim, Amna Mohamed Ahmed, Nisreen Haj, Hanady Elyas Osman, Sara Albadri , Sahar A. Mustafa, Reham Mohamed Taha
Chemicalization Of Agriculture Plants : A Major Factor Of High Yield Of Bio-Gas
The importance of fertilizers was expressed as far back in 1563 by the french naturalist Pallissy that salts form on the basis of life and growth of all crops. German chemist Glouber (1656) proved that addition of salt petre to soil markedly increases the yield of crop. Role of N2 in the life of plants was elucidated even much latter. Original Ideas concerning aerial nutrition of plants was set forth by M.V. Lomonosov in 1753. The roots of Luxuriant trees in barren sand is manifestation that their succulent leaves receive copious nourishment from air. Lavoisier in 1775 discovered that plants take up substances from surrounding air water and mineral kingdom. Necessity to fertilize "bad" soils where fertilizers act as agent enabling conservation of moisture in the soil and improving its structure and to neutralize it's acidity or promote decomposition of the organic matter present there. Nitrogen accumulated in the soil by Leguminous crops. Introduction of clover (or other legumes) into crop rotation improves the N2 balance and leads to substantial increase in crop yields by taking N2 from air. The amount of 'C' in the crop has nothing to do with its content in manure the source of 'C' for plants being atmospheric CO2 Liebig formulated the law of minimum That the crop size depends on the amount of minimum (i.e. the most deficient) factor. If N2 or Zn is deficient in cultivation of a crop, no matter how much P, K and other nutrients are added they will not increase the crop yield. In 1858 Knop and Sachs succeeded in bringing plants grown on artificial nutrient media with supply of mineral salts to full maturity.
Parul Mishra, Ravi Raj, Jitendra Pal Singh, Sudhakar Prakash
Physico-Chemical And Bacteriogical Analysis Ofground Water In Mathura-Vrindavan Citycorporationarea Of Uttar Pradesh
Inthepresentinvestigation,anattempthasbeenmadetoanalysethequalityofgroundwaterinMathura-Vrindavancitycorporation area during January 2022 to June 2022. The various waterparameters analysed during the study were pH, Temperature, TSS, TS,DO,BOD,Alkalinity,Chlorides,HardnessandMPN.Theresultsrevealed that allwater sampleshave neutral pH exceptS8 samplewhich was found slightly acidic nature. Samples S1, S2, S3 and S8requiresomeprimarytreatment beforetheirusefordrinkingpurpose.
Anshika Mishra, Dheeraj Kumar,Ravi Raj, Sudhakar Prakash
Design and Development of Biodegradable Hydrogel-Based Matrix Systems for Sustained and Targeted Delivery of Ibuprofen: Enhancing Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy in Chronic Inflammatory Disorders
Background Chronic inflammatory disorders are prevalent conditions requiring long-term management, often with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen. Conventional ibuprofen delivery faces challenges such as short half-life, poor bioavailability, and systemic side effects. Biodegradable hydrogels offer a promising platform for sustained and targeted drug delivery to overcome these limitations. Objective This study aimed to design and develop hydrogel-based matrix systems for the sustained and targeted delivery of ibuprofen, enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy while minimizing dosing frequency and side effects. Methods Biodegradable hydrogels were prepared using alginate and gelatin, cross-linked with calcium chloride, and optimized for ibuprofen encapsulation. Physicochemical properties, including swelling behavior, degradation, and surface morphology, were characterized. Drug loading efficiency and in vitro release kinetics were evaluated. Pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory efficacy were assessed using animal models, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine significance. Results The hydrogels demonstrated high swelling capacity (500% ± 15%), complete biodegradability within 21 days, and a porous structure suitable for drug encapsulation. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from 75% to 92%, and sustained drug release was achieved over 48 hours, adhering to the Higuchi model. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a 2.5-fold increase in bioavailability with delayed T_max and reduced C_max compared to free ibuprofen. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was significantly improved, with a 65% reduction in paw swelling observed in animal models. Conclusion Biodegradable hydrogel-based matrix systems provide a viable solution for sustained ibuprofen delivery, offering enhanced bioavailability and prolonged therapeutic efficacy. These systems hold significant potential for managing chronic inflammatory disorders, with future directions focusing on clinical translation, scalability, and customization for other therapeutic agents.
Jisha Annie Geevarghese, Arpan Dutta, Sanghadeep Gajbhiye, Mohammed Khalid, Anil Kumar, Navesh Veer, Sushisha Tripathy, Ekta Pandey, Manu Jose
Association Of Hormonal Dysregulation With Pcos In Fertile Women
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of hormonal dysregulation with the presence of PCOS in fertile women To compare biochemical parameters such as serum FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, serum fasting levels, serum insulin levels and HbA1c in PCOS diagnosed group, predisposed group and control group. STUDY DESIGN: Case Control Study PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: This study was conducted in Obstetrics and gynaecological department of Shifa hospital, Karachi from December 2022 to June 2023. METHODOLOGY: This case-control study included 105 patients from 3 different groups; PCOS diagnosed group, healthy group, and the predisposed group. Patients assessed in the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department were sent for lab tests, including FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, fasting blood sugar, insulin, and HbA1c. Blood samples were collected during the follicular phase and analyzed at PNS Shifa hospital. One way Anova test was applied for qualitative variables variables. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study included 105 participants with a mean age of 28.21 years. Significant differences were found among study groups for BMI, FSH, LH, LH:FSH ratio, testosterone, prolactin, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c levels, indicating notable biochemical variations associated with PCOS status. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes a significant association between hormonal imbalances and PCOS in both fertile and infertile women, emphasizing the importance of targeted hormonal assessment and management for all PCOS patients to enhance overall health outcomes.
Misbah Riaz, Prof Dr Hasan Ali, Dr Khushboo Arif, Dr. Zahra Tapal, Samina Mohyuddin, Faizza Rasheed
Impact Assessment And Accessibility Of Microfinance Program In Uttar Pradesh
This study looks at the accessibility and effects of microfinance initiatives in Uttar Pradesh, a state with sizable rural and economically disadvantaged populations. By giving access to modest loans, savings accounts, and financial education, microfinance has emerged as a vital instrument for advancing financial inclusion, especially for low-income families and women. With an emphasis on how these initiatives affect the socioeconomic circumstances of rural people, including income production, employment, and empowerment, the study evaluates the reach and efficacy of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Uttar Pradesh. It also examines the difficulties in obtaining these services, including sociocultural limitations, regional hurdles, and low financial literacy. By conducting a thorough research, the study seeks to pinpoint the critical elements that influence the accessibility and effectiveness of microfinance in the area and provides suggestions for enhancing its influence and broadening financial inclusion. The results help to improve microfinance's efficiency in reducing poverty and promoting rural development.
Ankit Yadav , Om Prakash Yadav , Kavita Singh , Ram Janma
Docking studies of different derivatives of Penicillin in the treatment of the disease Syphilis
Syphilis is a chronic, persistent, and multi-stage infection primarily transmitted via sexual contact with active lesions or from an infected mother to her foetus. With no vaccine available to prevent syphilis, effective control depends heavily on the prompt identification and treatment of infected individuals and their contacts. Penicillin G remains the first-line treatment across all stages of syphilis, proving highly effective against the causative agent, Treponema pallidum. Apart from arsenical, bismuth, and mercurial compounds, penicillin and a few other antibiotics including fumigacin, gliotoxin, aspergillic acid, and bromo aspergillic acid are the only chemotherapeutic medicines that work against Treponema pallidum. There are different types of classes of penicillin which show the activity to inhibit PBPs (Penicillin-Binding Proteins) and causes cell lysis and cell death. They target the microorganisms such as gram positive and gram-negative aerobes and certain anaerobes. Later, we study in brief about the significance of 1RT2 protein in molecular docking techniques. Penicillin G remains the first-line treatment across all stages of syphilis, proving highly effective against the causative agent, Treponema pallidum. If we consider all the penicillin derivatives and done their docking studies against the protein 1RT2, we observe different types of docking output.
Sudipta Modak, Harshita Chandra, Mahanam Brata Paul, Abhipsa Sinha, Sampriti Chakraborty, Sneha Das, Mayukh Maji
Prevalence of non-communicable disease (ncd) in geriatrics population of kalaburagi district: a cross-sectional study in rural field practice area.
Context/Background: According to a United Nations report, the worldwide total population of geriatrics was 703 million (9%) in 2019. In India, the geriatric population is expected to increase to 198 million by 2030. As people age, they are more prone to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. In 2014, the prevalence of morbidity increased from 30% to 37% among elderly population. However, most of the available studies in India on morbidity are disease-specific and do not provide a comprehensive knowledge on non-communicable diseases as a whole. Aims/Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) in the elderly. To assess the risk factors associated with non-communicable disease. Methodology: A study was conducted among elderly people living in rural areas of Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. The study included participants aged 60 years and above, and a sample size of 193 was determined. The researchers used a pre-designed, pre-tested, and semi-structured questionnaire to collect information about the participants' morbidity status and risk factors. The collected data was recorded in Microsoft Excel Sheets 2013 and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 to calculate frequencies and percentages. Before collecting data, the participants were given informed written consent in their local language, Kannada. Results: Hypertension is the most prevalent morbidity NCD in the Rural elderly population of 41.45% of Kalaburagi CHC Hebbal. They were then followed by diabetes 24.35 % and Asthma 0.52%. Chewing tobacco, Alcohol consumption, Age, Type of housing, water supply, and sanitation were found to have significant associations with disease causation in the elderly population. Conclusions: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, diabetes, and asthma can be prevented by reducing high-risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyle habits, modifying one's diet, and changing habits related to alcohol and tobacco consumption. As people age, the likelihood of developing NCDs increases. Environmental factors can also contribute to the development of these diseases by acting as risk factors.
Dr Aditya Telkar ,Dr S R Nigudgi ,Dr Ravikumar Kurle
To Contrast The Efficacy Of Muscle Energy Technique With Stretching Versus Myofascial Release With Strengthening Along With Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation In Subjects With Piriformis Syndrome
Background: Piriformis Syndrome is an uncommon neuromuscular condition mimicking the sciatica like symptoms. This could lead to lower back pain which is common musculoskeletal problem and major reason for decrease activity. This study is helpful for the diagnosis of PS and to relieve pain using TENS, increase muscle strength, increase range of motion using MET with stretching and MFR with strengthening and to improve Quality of life. Methods:This comparison study was done in Physiotherapy department of SMI Hospital by pre-post intervention type. Total 30 subjects were selected and divided into two groups 15 each. One group was given MET along with stretching and other group was given MFR along with strengthening. Along with these, both groups received TENS. Visual Analog Scale, Lower extremity functional scale, WHOQOL-Beef was used as outcome measures. Conclusion: The Study indicated that muscle energy technique with stretching may be superior for reducing pain, whereas myofascial release with strengthening exercises may be more effective for enhancing range of motion, muscle strength and functional performance.
Nisha Bhardwaj, Sharda Sharma, Shama Praveen Niraj Kumar, Mahesh kumar Shou, Manjul Nautiyal
The effect of Regional Anesthesia in Diagnosis of Acute Compartment Syndrome
Purpose Acute compartment syndrome is an orthopedic emergency that may cause permanent tissue damage if not diagnosed and treated on time. The objective of this review was to explore the effects of regional anesthesia, mainly peripheral nerve blocks on the diagnosis of ACS, examining the ability to mask symptoms and related clinical challenges. Method A total of 15 studies were reviewed by searching multiple databases such as PubMed, Medscape, Science Direct, Google Scholar, etc. The studies were selected from the past 10 years ranging between 2015 to 2024 by using the keywords “Regional Anesthesia,” “Symptom Masking,” “Acute Compartment Syndrome,” “Anesthesia,” and “Peripheral Nerve Blocks”. Results The study reveals that while the use of regional anesthesia, particularly PNBs is effective in pain management, it can delay the timely diagnosis of ACS because it masks critical pain symptoms. Monitoring breakthrough pain and integration of regional anesthesia with measurement of compartment pressure is vital for timely ACS diagnosis. Conclusion The need for balanced use of regional anesthesia in high-risk ACS patients has been emphasized by this review, with suggestions made for multimodal monitoring strategies. To further refine the clinical guidelines for patient safety, further research is needed to establish larger prospective studies.
Zia Ali, Karthik Sundareshan, Muhammad Nasiruddin, Osama Sami Maki Al ani, Hany Fawzi W. Greiss.
A Review on Potentiation of Polyherbal Formulation for the Treatment of Hyperglycemia and Inflammation
Herbal medicine has witnessed substantial growth, underscoring its historical and modern significance in healthcare. Polyherbal formulations, blending multiple botanicals, present numerous therapeutic advantages over single-herb remedies, including synergistic effects and comprehensive efficacy against multifactorial diseases. This review explores the potential of polyherbal combinations in managing hyperglycemia and inflammation, highlighting their pharmacological interactions, advantages, and limitations. A detailed discussion on the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities of various polyherbal formulations, supported by experimental evidence, is presented. Despite promising results, challenges such as formulation stability, regulatory gaps, and the need for robust clinical studies remain. By shedding light on these aspects, this review emphasizes the critical need for systematic research to optimize and validate polyherbal therapies, paving the way for their integration into evidence-based medicine.
Vipin Kumar Wani, Ritesh Jain, Shekhar Verma, Harish Rajak
Association Of Thyroid Autoimmunity And Lipid Profile In Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder worldwide. In India, one in ten persons suffers from thyroid diseases, with hypothyroidism being the most frequent type. One of the recurring problems linked to thyroid disorders is hyperlipidemia, which may be significantly influenced by autoimmunity.Studies on the prevalence of hypothyroidism in different geographical territories of India are sparse.Aim: To investigate the association between Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (anti-TPO) and serum lipid parameters among patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: In total, 380 individuals of both sexes attending the outpatient department (OPD) of HNB Base Teaching hospital Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand, with varied symptoms were screened for thyroid-function test (TFT) levels. The age of the study participants ranged from 18 to 65 years. All patients underwent estimation of thyroid function parameters such as free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and ThyroidStimulating Hormone (TSH), as well as anti-TPO levels and selected lipid profile parameters such as Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL), and Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL). The association between anti-TPO and lipid levels was further analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: Among the 187 hypothyroid patients, 136 (72.7%) were females, while only 51 (27.2%) were males. High serum anti TPO antibodies were found in 104 (55.6%) patients, whereas normal Anti-TPO cases accounted for 83 (44.3%). The total serum cholesterol, with a mean of 218.2± 60.2mg/dL, serum LDL, with 140.6 ± 55.9mg/dL, andserum TG with a mean of 170.7 ± 72.8mg/dL were significantly raised, whereas serum HDL, with 43.4 ± 6.7, were found to be non-significant. Conclusion: Hypothyroid patients positive for anti-TPO antibodies are at risk of experiencing disrupted lipid levels. Positive anti-TPO status was significantly correlated with TC, TG, and LDL in the current investigation.
Pallavi Rawat, Dr. Javin Bishnu Gogoi, Dr. Kailash Gairola, Bhupender Singh Mingwal
Serum Adiponectin and Indian Diabetes Risk Score: Association with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in Uttarakhand Adults
Diabetes and prediabetes are significant public health issues, particularly in India, where their prevalence is rising due to lifestyle changes and genetic factors. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a practical screening tool that identifies individuals at high risk for diabetes through a simple assessment of key risk factors. Serum adiponectin, an important biomarker, inversely correlates with insulin resistance and obesity, serving as a valuable indicator of metabolic disturbances. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measures long-term glycemic control, aiding in the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes. Keeping this prospective in mind, a recent study was conducted to assess the association of serum adiponectin and IDRS with HbA1c levels to improve the detection of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes, enhancing public health strategies and individual health outcomes. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association of serum adiponectin and the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) with HbA1c in adults (≥18 years) at the Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Uttarakhand. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire. IDRS was derived from age, abdominal obesity, family history, and physical activity. Serum adiponectin and HbA1c levels were measured using standard laboratory methods. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation and logistic regression to assess associations. Our findings revealed a significant negative correlation between serum adiponectin levels and HbA1c (r = -0.148, p = 0.001), indicating that lower adiponectin is associated with poorer glycemic control. Additionally, higher IDRS scores were significantly correlated with elevated HbA1c levels (p < 0.005), highlighting the IDRS's effectiveness in identifying individuals at risk for diabetes. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was notably higher in participants with elevated IDRS scores, emphasizing the importance of both serum adiponectin and IDRS in early diabetes detection and intervention strategies. Conclusion: In summary, this study establishes a significant association between serum adiponectin levels, the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), and HbA1c in identifying undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. Lower adiponectin concentrations correlate with higher HbA1c levels, indicating impaired glycemic control. The IDRS effectively stratifies individuals by diabetes risk, highlighting its utility in early detection. These findings suggest that integrating serum adiponectin and IDRS into screening protocols can enhance the identification of at-risk populations, facilitating timely interventions to improve metabolic health and prevent diabetes progression.
Bhupender Singh Mingwal, Dr. Javin Bishnu Gogoi, Dr. Kailash Gairola, Pallavi Rawat
Role Of Hiv/Aids Duration And Socio-Ecnomic Factors In Vitamin-D Depletion Among Infected Individuals
Objective: To assess socioeconomic status and the duration of HIV/AIDS influence the prevalence and severity of vitamin D deficiency among HIV-infected patients Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Public Health at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, between March 14, 2023, and April 30, 2024. The goal was to determine how common vitamin D insufficiency was among people living with HIV. With a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error, 200 ELISA-confirmed HIV-positive patients were chosen by a non-probability sequential sampling technique. Patients who met our inclusion requirements gave their informed consent, and a questionnaire was completed after their vitamin-D levels were measured in a blood sample. Results: A total of 200 HIV/AIDS patients were included in this research. There were 60 (30%) women and 140 (70%) men among them. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 60, with a mean age of 45.0±1.0. Of the participants, the majority (82 or 41%) were in the 18–30 age range. In contrast, 52 people (26%) and 56 people (28%) were older than 52 and between 31 and 50, respectively. There were 45 people with low socioeconomic status (22.5%), 114 people with intermediate socioeconomic status (57%), and 41 people with high socioeconomic status (20.5%). Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency is quite common in HIV-positive individuals, it does not significantly correlate with socioeconomic level or length of illness. Given that conventional HIV measures like viral load and CD4 count are not accurate risk indicators, routine screening and prompt investigations for vitamin D levels are crucial. It is advised to take vitamin D supplements, educate patients about sun exposure and dietary sources, and implement national food fortification and public health education programs. Future research should determine suitable cutoff points for 25(OH)D levels and investigate how socioeconomic status and HIV duration affect deficiency rates.
Laamia Altuf,Ayesha Afzal,Waqas Ahmad,Faiza Masood,Shagufta Abbas,Muhammad Muneeb,Muhammad Ahmad Raza
Pharmacological And Non-Pharmacological Management Of Acute Pancreatitis: A Comparative Review
Acute pancreatitis is a complex inflammatory condition of the pancreas with a wide spectrum of clinical severity, ranging from mild, self-limiting episodes to severe, life-threatening forms associated with organ failure and high mortality rates. The management of acute pancreatitis is challenging, with a growing need for effective treatment strategies due to increasing incidence and hospital admission rates globally. This review explores and compares pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to managing acute pancreatitis. Non-pharmacological management primarily focuses on supportive care, including fluid resuscitation, oxygen therapy, and nutritional strategies aimed at pancreatic rest. Early and adequate fluid resuscitation within the first 24 hours is critical to improving outcomes. Nutritional interventions, such as early enteral feeding and, in select cases, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), are emphasized to maintain metabolic stability and minimize complications. Pharmacological management involves addressing the disease’s symptoms and complications. Pain relief, often with NSAIDs or opioids, is a cornerstone of care. Antibiotics are reserved for confirmed cases of infected necrosis, while secretory inhibitors such as somatostatin and trypsin inhibitors are employed in moderate to severe cases. Novel pharmacological interventions, including the use of Neostigmine and other repurposed drugs, are being explored in clinical trials to target specific pathophysiological mechanisms. This review underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach to treatment. While pharmacological strategies are essential for managing complications, non-pharmacological interventions remain foundational in acute care. Ongoing research is critical to refine existing therapies and develop new modalities to improve outcomes and prevent recurrence, ultimately bridging the gap between supportive care and disease-specific treatment.
Comparative Analysis of Microbial Profiles in Normal Soil and Soil Contaminated with Chicken Feathers
Soil degradation is a pressing environmental issue exacerbated by factors such as rapid population growth, intensified economic activities, and climate change. Among the many contributors to this degradation, the accumulation of poultry waste, particularly chicken feathers, poses a significant challenge. Globally, approximately 24 billion chickens are slaughtered annually, resulting in the generation of around 8.5 billion tonnes of poultry feathers, with India alone contributing an estimated 350 million tonnes. These feathers, composed primarily of keratin, are highly resistant to natural degradation, leading to their accumulation in the environment. Microorganisms play a pivotal role in the natural decomposition of keratin-rich materials like feathers, contributing to nutrient recycling and soil health restoration. This study investigates the microbial communities in normal, uncontaminated soil compared to those in soil polluted with poultry feathers. By employing microbial profiling techniques, the study aims to identify the diversity, abundance, and functional roles of these microorganisms in feather degradation. The findings provide insights into the ecological impact of feather pollution on soil microbiota and underscore the potential of microbial communities in developing sustainable waste management strategies. Understanding these microbial dynamics can inform practices to mitigate soil degradation and enhance soil resilience in the face of increasing agricultural and industrial pressures
Philomina A F, Dr. Mary Agnes A, Dr. Sindhuja G, Yasmin M
Biofertilizers Activities On Physiological And Yield Parameters Of Two Varieties, Azad P3 And PB89 Of Pea (Pisum Sativum)
Pisum sativum is a legume crop an important protein choice for vegetarian’s diet. The production of the pea crop is important for the chlorophyll constituents and various chemical and organic nutrients of the soil. The two important varieties of Pea plant viz., Azad P3 and PB89 were cultivated setting up as a pot experiment using complete randomized design by sowing seeds in soil pre-mixed with various NPKs and PGPRs in triplicates. The pea plants were observed for the presence of mean number of leaves, relative water content of leaves, quantitation of chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate content. In addition, the yield production of the two varieties was also studied in the terms of the dimensions of the pods, weight of pod/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, and weight of the seeds/pod. NPK, NPK+R. pusense, NPK+B. subtilis, NPK+R. pusense+B. subtilis and Biofertilizer positively increased the chlorophyll contents to as compared to that of the control of both the varieties of P. sativum. The yield production of the Azad P3 was more than that of the PB89. The Pods of the cultivar Azad P3 was longer than that of PB89 by nearly 1 cm length. Among all the PGPRs the consortia are the best of all of these for the yield production of the varieties. The effect of NPK+B. subtilis+R. pusense in the soil increased the weight of pods per plant in the case of variety Azad P3 to nearly 6 gram while the weight of the pods/ plant was nearly 3.6 gram in case of PB89. Maximum output of the pea crop was found when the soil was manured with the NPK + consortia of the PGPRs.
Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticle - Enriched Toothpaste for Antimicrobial Activity Against Oral Pathogens: S. mutans and E. faecalis.
Background: Chitosan, derived from crustacean shells, is a biopolymer with strong antimicrobial properties. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) enhance its efficacy due to increased surface area and bioactivity, making them a promising addition to oral care products. Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis are significant contributors to dental caries and endodontic infections, respectively. Integrating CNPs into toothpaste formulations has demonstrated potential in reducing bacterial viability and biofilm formation. Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanoparticle-enriched toothpaste against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis at different concentrations and time intervals. Materials and Methods: Green-synthesized CNPs were incorporated into fluoride toothpaste at a 2% w/w concentration. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested using time-kill curve assays and agar well diffusion techniques. Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis were treated with toothpaste formulations containing CNPs at concentrations of 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL over 1 to 4 hours. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and effect size metrics. Results: The CNP-enriched toothpaste demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent antimicrobial activity. A significant reduction in Streptococcus mutans growth was observed, with the highest activity at 100 µg/mL (F = 38.938, p < 0.001, Eta-squared = 0.726). However, minimal inhibition was seen against Enterococcus faecalis, with no significant differences between concentrations (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticle-enriched toothpaste shows promise in reducing Streptococcus mutans, a key dental caries pathogen, but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis. Further optimization of formulation and testing conditions is required to enhance its antimicrobial spectrum and clinical efficacy.
Challenges and Opportunities in implementing E-HRM Systems: Insights from HDFC and J&K Bank in Srinagar
Electronic human resource management is a broader concept and it is developing rapidly. It refers to the integration of digital technologies and online platforms into Human Resource Management. It allows HR department to improve efficiency and also provides better support level. But implementing Electronic Human Resource Management (EHRM) system also present a combination of major challenges as well as opportunities for organizations. However, it involves the use of internet, software tools and digital tools to manage HR activities like recruitment, development of employee, payroll and performance management as well as employee relations and many more. But on the other hand, organizations face many obstacles during the implementation phase. The speedy development of the Internet during the last decades have boosted the implementation and application of electronic human resource management (e-HRM) (Strohmeier, 2007). This paper explores the challenges and opportunities associated with Electronic Human Resource Management (EHRM) systems in organizations, focusing on HDFC Bank and J&K Bank in Srinagar. The implementation of EHRM system has many potentialities to transform HR functions as it improves the productivity, efficiency, employee experience etc. But challenges and obstacles such as resistance to change, lack of infrastructure, other problems need to be addressed. This research presents opportunities and advantages regarding E-HRM adoption and will highlight the operational hurdles.
A Study To Explore The Research And Development Process Of Malaysia's Renewable Energy Industry
Given the country's diminishing fossil fuel sources and growing domestic energy use in Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia is being utilised as a case study to examine energy security concerns. Malaysia ranked third among Southeast Asian nations for carbon dioxide emissions in 2014. In keeping with these two tenets, this thesis were investigate the potential for reducing our dependency on fossil fuels by 73.8% via the generation of electricity from renewable sources such as wind, biomass, sun, and hydro. In order to address the growing demand in peninsular Malaysia, this research examined the advantages and disadvantages of using solar power in combination with renewable energy systems or fossil fuels. Improving environmental conditions and reducing the possibility of energy shortages are among the countries' priorities. Two halves of the case study, one covering 2030 and the other 2040, were used to analyse different combinations of renewable systems and hybrid power producing systems. The acronym HOMER (Hybrid Optimisation of Simulated Using Multiple Energy Resources) was used by both sections to represent the different cases. Based on demand figures gathered from the Malaysia Energy Information Handbook (MEIH) and publicly accessible growth factors from the Malaysian Energy Commission, the model projected demand for the next twenty years. Reputable organisations such as IRENA and the EIA provided recommendations for renewable energy sources and estimated costs.
A Study Of Teachers' Experiences Of The Integration Of Educational Technology Into The New English Language National Curriculum Of China
This thesis takes a look at eight secondary school teachers in Beijing, China, and how they used educational technology to teach English. It also takes a look at their perspectives on the elements that influence technology usage. This research found that, while instructors did utilise the internet and other modern tools in the classroom, PowerPoint was the most often used programme, according to data analysis of classroom recordings and follow-up interviews. Among their many pedagogical uses for educational technology were meeting professional demands for better instruction, creating instructional resources, and facilitating professional development. Additionally, educators said that technology was used by them to meet the demands of their students, namely in the areas of increased engagement, better language learning, easier comprehension, and the creation of a linguistic context. According to the research, teachers' views, resources availability, and teachers' skill and trust in technology were the four main elements that impacted teachers' technology usage, according to the research. According to this research, teachers may benefit from using a critical reflective approach to better understand their own pedagogical ideas and needs in relation to technology usage, according to this research. Teachers' competency and confidence in using technology in the classroom may be enhanced via ongoing professional development opportunities. This chapter delves into the fascinating background of ELT in China and how teachers have been empowered to adapt to new curriculum. Given the present ecological systems in which both students and educators find themselves, the difficulty of putting theory into practice becomes more apparent.
In The Chinese Organisational Context, Invest In The Mediating Role Of Employee Perception In The Effects Of Leadership Behaviour And Organisational Culture On The Reliability Of Predictions
This study aims to examine the relationship between leadership conduct, organisational culture, and the reliability of predictions in Chinese organisations via the lens of employee perception as a mediator. To keep up with the ever-evolving Chinese business landscape, it's crucial to understand how leadership and cultural factors affect the reliability of forecasts. Based on the study's results, effective leadership actions such as communication, support, and adaptability may enhance employees' perceptions of organisational activities, which impacts the reliability of predictions. Building a strong company culture based on trust and collaboration may potentially increase the magnitude of this effect. Using a qualitative technique, data was gathered via interviews with representatives from several Chinese firms. Findings show that leadership behaviour's connection with forecast reliability is significantly impacted by employees' favourable opinions. This emphasises the importance of creating a welcoming and encouraging workplaces for all workers. The study concludes that leaders should prioritise building a strong corporate culture and positive employee views to enhance predictive abilities. Additionally, it provides valuable information for professionals seeking to enhance decision-making procedures in the dynamic Chinese industry.
The Mediating Role Of Ethical Behaviour On The Impact Of Public Relationship Management On The Organisational Performance Of Huawei Products In Shenzhen, China
This study statistically analyses the impact of public relations management on the organisational performance of Huawei products in Shenzhen, China, with a focus on ethical behaviour as a mediator. From 1700 stakeholders, including employees, customers, and business associates, opinions on advertising campaigns, ethical policies, and organisational KPIs were collected using a structured survey. The poll used a Likert scale to evaluate attributes, with a focus on areas such as stakeholder engagement, overall happiness, and the effectiveness of communication. This study used statistical methods, such as regression and correlation analysis, to look for connections between PRM and organisational success. A mediating variable was used namely, ethical conduct. Preliminary research indicates that effective public relationship management is significantly associated with improved organisational performance measures, such as sales growth, customer retention, or brand reputation. Furthermore, the results stress the role of ethical conduct in mediating this relationship, drawing attention to its role in fostering trust and loyalty among stakeholders. In addition to improving organisational performance, the study indicated that Huawei's commitment to ethical PR tactics strengthened relationships with stakeholders. Especially in highly competitive industries, these results highlight the importance of corporations incorporating ethics into their public relations strategies for long-term success. The findings provide actionable advice that Huawei and similar businesses may use to boost their performance via the use of strategic PRM strategies grounded on ethics.
Peng Chengen, Abhijit Ghosh, Rozaini binti Rosli
The Application And Satisfaction Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) In Guangdong Province, China For Television News Production
This research looks at how AI has changed the media industry. A comprehensive literature review highlighting key themes and ideas investigates the impacts of AI integration on many facets of the television environment. The study covers a wide range of topics, including marketing strategies, advertising methods, labour dynamics, content production and curation, the theoretical foundations of "artificial intelligence" (AI) in the TV business, and ethical issues. Research shows that AI has changed the media industry in many ways, including how content is created and curated, how data is analysed, how ads are targeted, how the workforce is structured, and the ethical problems that arise. More studies are needed to address worries about algorithmic bias, job loss, and privacy, even though AI has many advantages, such as enhanced efficiency, personalisation, and creativity. Ethical AI practises, the results emphasise methodologies for skill update and moral norms. The effort contributes to the existing body of knowledge and shapes the future of artificial intelligence in the television industry by highlighting research gaps, methodological breakthroughs, and regulatory ramifications.
Evaluation And Development Of A Conceptual Model For Investigating Chinese Consumer's Perspectives Of Luxury Value
The researchers' goal in doing this study was to provide a theoretical framework that, based on focus group results and reviews of relevant literature, would explain to Chinese buyers how much luxury items are worth. A focus group discussion was conducted to get insight into the thought processes of Chinese consumers while evaluating the value of high-end products. Findings To better understand how Chinese consumers perceive and buy luxury items, this research integrates several perspectives into a multidimensional model. It provides a complete picture of how the Chinese consumer sees themselves and their community in luxury products. Researchers should be aware that their sample size was rather limited (just three sites), therefore their findings may not be representative of all Chinese clients. Due to the small sample size of this quantitative investigation, a measuring instrument based on the proposed conceptual model is required. For the theoretical model to be useful in future empirical studies, researchers would also want to test it further. Originality In addition to adding to the little literature on the topic of luxury in the Chinese market, our study has shed light on how the perceived value of luxury influences the buying behaviours and habits of Chinese customers. Additionally, it has provided theoretical insight into the phenomenon of luxury consumption. It might provide valuable insight into the Chinese luxury goods industry's marketing strategies.
Education Level And Experience Moderates The Effects Of Gender Discrimination On Employee Compensation At Taizhou Universities
Academic institutions are not immune to the widespread problem of gender discrimination. With an emphasis on the moderating role of education level and years of experience, this research examines the effects of gender discrimination on employee compensation in the setting of Taizhou universities. Staff members from all levels and departments were surveyed to compile the data, which was based on a quantitative techniques approach. The results show that there is a large disparity in compensation between the sexes, with men routinely making more money than women do for doing the same work. A person's degree of education became an important moderator, as it was shown that both men and women benefited financially from greater levels of education. Nonetheless, the gender gap was still quite noticeable, especially among female workers, indicating that prejudices against women exist even among the most educated. It is clear from the research that various interventions are necessary to successfully address wage discrepancies, since gender discrimination, education, and experience all interact in complicated ways. Transparent compensation rules, frequent pay audits, and diversity training and awareness initiatives to promote gender inclusivity in the workplace are some of the suggestions. Taken together, our findings highlight the long-lasting effects of sexism on university staff salaries in Taizhou and the critical need to eradicate institutionalised prejudices if researchers are to attain gender parity in higher education and beyond. Organisations may create a welcoming space for all workers, regardless of gender, by acknowledging and addressing these inequalities.
An Investigation Into Overcoming Obstacles: A Female Sports Moderator In A Male-Dominated Field
Despite the growing number of women's sports, the media continues to provide much less coverage of these events. The already marginalised status of women's sports is exacerbated by the pitiful number of journalists who both cover and debate these events. By interviewing female sports journalists in detail, this study hopes to fill a knowledge vacuum by exploring their professional identities and thoughts on the current state of women's sports coverage in the media. Women athletes made up the bulk of the participants, who were hoping that more positive coverage of women athletes' sports activities would result from changes in the demographics of newsrooms and improvements in digital news technologies. The topic of gender prejudice in the workplace has been a hot topic for quite some time. The National Partnership for Women and Families reports that, for every dollar that men make, women earn 80%. This number accurately portrays the gender pay gap that exists in all industries, but it fails to take into account the many other types of discrimination that women face. The utter absence of female athletes is especially shocking given the long history of female dominance in sports. Although women's lack of enthusiasm for the profession is a contributing factor, it is far from the sole one.
XU MINJIA,Manual Selvaraj Bexci,Amrita Ghosh
An Analysis Of The Chinese Business-To-Consumer Online Shopping Sector From The Perspective Of Customer Satisfaction
Internet use is expected to grow at a rate never seen before in China as a result of the country's rapid development in the field of information technology. Some areas of business, such as online advertising, online shopping, and online promotional advice and service, have benefited greatly from the growth of E-commerce. In this analysis, researchers take a close look at the nuts and bolts of what makes online purchasing a positive experience for consumers. To evaluate the quality of Chinese consumers' experiences with internet purchasing, positivist thought was used. An approach defined by this philosophy combines inductive reasoning with careful, well-established observation of individual traits and actions. The results of an electronic mail survey and customer satisfaction analysis. The evaluations of validity and reliability, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression all pointed to an increase in consumer satisfaction in China if shopping websites improved their security, shipping, and support for private information. Companies in China need to pay close attention to the growth of the E-commerce environment from the perspective of consumer behaviour, with a focus on the elements that have the most bearing on the level of happiness their online customers feel they get from doing business with them.
The Effects Of Chinese Manufacturing Sector Strategy Development On Small And Medium-Sized Businesses' Competitiveness
China is stepping up its efforts on structural reform and transformation considering the global economic downturn. The goal is to sustain or even boost long-term economic development. China is making tremendous efforts to transform its image from that of a producer of low-quality items to that of an innovator and design powerhouse. The Chinese government is trying to support small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) since they are vital to the country's manufacturing industry. The status of SMEs is rapidly increasing in China's innovative landscape. Analyses China's shift towards a more mature and indigenous innovation system by delving into the innovation networks and tactics of SMEs across several industries. Examines the diffusion and generation of information in the Chinese market. Details China aspires to establish an innovation system that is both highly developed and grounded in local practices. The study draws three significant findings from its methodology, which makes use of many case studies: Three distinct methods are used to do this: researchers take a look at the five kinds of innovation strategies that Exist, Enhance, Integrate, and Switch strategies in China's inventive ecosystem and catalogue their processes of knowledge production and spread. Different strategies call for different combinations of exploration and exploitation. Additionally, the research demonstrates the connections between these techniques and other external resources, such as horizontal and vertical networks.
The Public Sector In Beijing, China: The Relationship Between Talent Management And Retention And The Mediating Role Of Organisational Performance
Employees, policies, and systems that impact them are all connected to an efficient HRM system. A company is made up of people, capital, supplies, and equipment. An organisation needs intelligent employees who can grow the market and implement the finest organisational learning techniques if it wants to compete on a global scale. Organisational productivity and performance are intimately correlated with the amount and quality of human resources. Creating and keeping a workforce that improves organisational performance is one of the hardest management tasks. This research looks at the link between talent management and employee retention in Beijing, China's public sector, and the mediating function that organisational performance plays in it. The analysis of 1895 respondents in this research was done using SPSS 25. The study's findings assist public administrators in developing comprehensive plans that combine human resource management with organisational effectiveness to provide long-lasting effects. Employee performance is significantly impacted by talent management. Organisational performance mediates the substantial influence of talent management on employee retention. The talent management variable functions as a mediating variable, indirectly influencing organisational performance to support employee retention. The replies of just top and middle management personnel are used to gauge the limits of the variables in this research. The study's conclusions recommend that more research be done in other human resources-related fields, with a special emphasis on the impact of talent management on employee retention and the role that talent management plays as a mediating variable with a variety of dimensions and components in employee retention through organisational performance.
A Study To Measure The Effectiveness And Impact Of Online Marketing Versus The Conventional Marketing With Regards Of Target Audience In Respects To Socio-Demographics Such As Age And Gender
The proliferation of communication and computer technology has led to a change in the method in which people do business, as a direct outcome of this change. In most sorts of organisations in today's world, having access to the internet and having electronic gadgets is almost a need. It is feasible that widespread adoption of e-marketing may bring about a significant paradigm change in the way that commercial activity is carried out in every region of the world. Because of the proliferation of the Internet and other forms of electronic communication over the past few years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of different channels that can be used for advertising. This is largely responsible for the rapid growth that has taken place in recent years. People can find adverts almost everywhere on the internet, and the purpose of these ads is to get them to buy something from them or make use of their service. Internet marketing is a relatively new method of promoting and selling products on a global scale, and it is a method that is less expensive, more practical, and more beneficial than other methods. It's possible that this strategy will be of great benefit to both manufacturers and suppliers.
The Regurgitation Of The Mitral Valve In Degenerative Valve Coronary Artery
Degenerative valvular alterations are the most common cause of mitral regurgitation (MR), a common valve heart condition in which blood flows retrogradely from the left ventricle towards the left atrium. The goal of this doctoral dissertation is to improve diagnostic methods, treatment paradigms, and understanding of degenerative valvular coronary artery disease by exploring the complex role of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) in this condition. The first chapter highlights the increasing clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) in the setting of degenerative valve heart disease and explains its importance. An extensive literature assessment establishes the context for the study issues and draws attention to the most pressing knowledge gaps. In order to investigate the underlying mechanisms of MR, this research takes a novel strategy that combines state-of-the-art imaging methods with genetic studies and clinical evaluations. Myocardial remodeling, hemodynamic changes, and valve degeneration all interact in intricate ways, and this study sheds new light on how MR develops. Crucial to MR evaluation is diagnostic accuracy and precision. Article offers a thorough analysis of several diagnostic methods, contrasting how well they work in real-world settings. In addition, it delves into exciting new diagnostic techniques that have the potential to transform monitoring and early detection. Article focuses on MR treatment methods for degenerative valvular heart disease. This book provides researchers and physicians with an in-depth resource for making treatment decisions by exploring medical management, surgical techniques, and new therapeutics. In Article, we discuss patient outcomes and prognostic variables, which put these treatment choices into broader perspective. In addition to expanding our knowledge of magnetic resonance (MR) in degenerative valvular heart disease, this thesis offers researchers, physicians, and legislators practical takeaways. Better patient outcomes and higher-quality care for MR patients may be possible with the integration of mechanistic insights, improved diagnostic tools, and evidence-based therapy suggestions.
Cheng Shaoyong, Farra Aidah Jumuddin,Sreemoy Kanti Das,Mohd Gousuddin,Afreen Banu
Observational Methods, Such Sitting In On Demonstration Classes And Lectures, Provide Aspiring Educators Useful Feedback On Their Methods
According to studies, educators may make a significant difference in the lives of their pupils. It is unclear, however, if these impacts change across academic and "non-cognitive" results, or whether certain characteristics of teaching practise explain these associations. I use information provided by educators in four urban school districts to show how different educators affect the math achievement, confidence, and conduct of their pupils. I also evaluate the correlation between the instructional domains covered by two observation instruments and the results I'm interested in measuring for students. Finally, I analyse data from a sample of instructors who were randomly allocated to class rosters within schools to determine the reliability of teacher impact estimates on students' attitudes and behaviours. Besides academic achievement, I discover that instructors in the higher grades of primary school have significant impacts on kids' attitudes and behaviours. The predictive validity of these estimations of the teacher impact ranges from modest to high. And the teaching practises that are closest to these metrics (such the correlation between instructors' math mistakes and students' math performance, or the correlation between teachers' classroom organisation and students' behaviour in class) are the best predictors of student results. Teachers who are successful in one area are not always successful in another. These results provide crucial supporting evidence for long-held theories about the multifaceted character of education and the consequent necessity for policies that recognise and reward this diversity in teaching and learning.
DONG CHUNYAN,Emmanuel Hans ,Rohit Dhungana
As An International Language Teachingenglish In China: Opportunities, Challenges And Directions In The Context Of Educational Internationalization
During the last 30–40 years, internationalisation has gone from being a side issue to a central one on the reform agenda in higher education. Some earlier ideals have been lost, and some earlier priorities have been replaced, as it has changed and gone in new directions. Although economic considerations have grown in importance, internationalisation should be guided by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which outline the most pressing issues and aspirations confronting the world today. In order to assist resolve these issues, the design included both quantitative and qualitative methodologies into its framework. A survey instrument that was based on characteristics of CE discovered in the literature was developed in order to get the process of gathering quantitative data on the adoption of CE in educational environments started (see the Appendix). The questionnaire included 18 linguistic examples covering a broad variety of themes, including but not limited to, in order to measure the attitudes of English teachers and the students that they teach on CE.
GAN TIAN,Emmanuel Hans,Jagadish Chandra Wagle
A Comprehensive Study On Student And Teacher Relationships And Its Effect On Student Learning: Cross-Cultural Perspective On Education And Psychology
Using a single-case study methodology, this study investigated the emotional dimensions of classroom exchanges between educators. Using data from only one case study, researchers were able to compile recommendations for how a teacher might best foster positive connections with their students. The analysis and interpretation that followed described the dominant ideas that emerged about how to build productive connections between teachers and students, as well as the particular aspects of those interactions that were deemed crucial to the students' educational experience. This research produced a narrative of methods and practises that facilitate the growth and sustenance of a teacher's connections with her pupils. In light of the data, four main types may be identified, each with its own set of defining characteristics. Each of these four main groups represents a different aspect of the social structure of the classroom. The study uses a constructivist approach to qualitative research in order to get a thorough knowledge of the dynamics between teachers and their students in this one unique situation. My objective in doing this research was to provide concrete examples and empirical data to the literature on the formation of teacher-student interactions. To help an educational community, it would be helpful to know what variables are related to interactions between teachers and their students. Possible effects of these results on educational settings are considered.
A Study To Investigate Readings That Students Perform Through Self-Directed Learning And How That Affects Their Academic Achievement
The primary objectives of the study were to provide more insight into the relationship between self-directed learning and academic achievement and to compare and contrast the benefits of independent study in online and conventional higher education settings. Researchers used a questionnaire they developed to collect data from both online and conventional students. All education majors from two institutions participated in this study; one was an online college, while the other was a more conventional four-year university. The SDL of those who study online varies widely from that of on-campus students. In contrast to conventional students at universities, online learners exhibit a larger connection between SDL and academic performance. Research findings provide credence to SDL's potential as a tool for increasing students' ability to self-regulate their own education.
A Comprehensive Study Of The Effect Of The Internet On Students' Moral, Social And Spiritual Values From The Perspective Of Teachers
The users of the internet are subjected to a variety of effects, some beneficial and others detrimental. According to Griffiths (2013) and Rispawati, Sumardi, and Dahlan (2020), a person would have difficulties if they used the internet for an excessive amount of time. Addiction is one of the bad effects that might occur, and it also has a big influence on the anxiety levels associated with communication and cooperation. In addition, excessive use of the internet may be detrimental to a person's personality and mental health. When someone spends at least five hours a day on the internet—or even the whole day—they are wasting their time, which is another one of the internet's negative effects. It also has an effect on the academic procedures that pupils go through. where they become very pragmatic and dependent on it. The Internet has a negative influence not just on people's social lives but also on their physical health, their relationships with others, and their ability to find work. Problematic internet use is the use of the internet for multiple life activities that are uncontrolled to the point that it has negative impacts on mental, physical, psychological, and social life. All of the negative impacts of the internet that have been described above are considered to be examples of problematic internet use. The most straightforward example of problematic internet usage in the context of education is the struggle that students have to exercise self-control and refrain from relying on the internet when it comes to completing their academic projects. Their dependence on the internet is having a negative impact on their mental and moral growth. The explanation provided above makes it very evident that humans may be affected in both good and bad ways by the internet. The mentality and objectives of internet users are the ultimate determinants of whether the internet will have a beneficial or detrimental influence on their lives. The Internet is but a tool; ultimately, it is up to people to choose how they will put it to use. The users will determine if there are good or negative repercussions as a result.
The Influence Of Consumer Perception On Purchase Intention On Customer Satisfaction In Jiangsu, China
The retail business has undergone a technological revolution, with the majority of consumers now preferring to purchase online over conventional brick-and-mortar establishments. Over the last ten years, this practice has gained traction, with many retail establishments using both tactics to increase earnings. The goal of the study is to investigate how customer satisfaction, purchase intentions, and perceptions relate to each other in the socio-cultural and economic setting of Jiangsu province, China. Through a comparative analysis of online and offline data, businesses may enhance their comprehension of client choices. Because the variables impacting both online and physical transactions are ever-changing, being ready is essential. Although many individuals like the more individualised shopping experiences in physical locations, many more people find internet shopping to be more convenient and user-friendly. This research looks into and analyses the phenomenon that males are more likely to purchase online than in physical stores. Online buyers place a high value on secure payment processing, which is closely related to retail sales. Many people still prefer to shop in physical shops because they can see the items in person and have confidence in the vendors, even if internet shopping is becoming more and more popular.
Evaluating The Efficacy and Safety of Flot Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer Patients
Background: Gastric cancer remains a significant challenge in oncology, with the FLOT regimen (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) emerging as a promising treatment. This study aims to assess the outcomes of FLOT chemotherapy, focusing on its efficacy, safety, and the impact of pathological response on survival rates in gastric cancer patients. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 37 gastric cancer patients treated with FLOT chemotherapy. Data on disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were collected. The impact of pathological response on survival outcomes was evaluated, with statistical analyses including Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) tests. Results: Patients exhibiting a pathological response to FLOT chemotherapy demonstrated significantly higher DFS and OS compared to non-responders, with mean survival times of 36.5 and 46.589 months, respectively. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of FLOT, with neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and anemia being the most common. The study also revealed age-related differences in the incidence of AEs. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of pathological response as a predictor of survival outcomes (p<0.05). Conclusion: FLOT chemotherapy offers a significant survival benefit to gastric cancer patients, particularly those showing a pathological response. Despite its manageable safety profile, the regimen's toxicity necessitates careful patient monitoring, especially among different age groups. Future research should focus on prospective studies to validate these findings and explore personalized treatment strategies to optimize outcomes.
Dr. B. Manish Kumar, Dr. Santosh Kumar, Dr. Deepak ramraj, Dr. Aravind, Dr. Harish
Extraction Of Vegetation From Satellite Image Using Ndvi And Change Detection Of Vegetation-- A Matlab Approach,Ananthapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India
This paper introduces a Technique for extraction of Vegetation using normalized difference of Vegetation index (NDVI) using MATLAB, which is efficient and fast. NDVI has found a wide application in vegetative studies as it has been used to estimate crop yields, pasture performance and rangeland carrying capacities among others. It is often directly related to other ground parameters such as percent of ground cover, photosynthetic activity of the plant, surface water, leaf area index and the amount of biomass. This paper also includes change detection vegetation for different Years.
S Ashok Kumar , B Vijay Saradhi , M Rajesh
Outcome of Preoperative Steroid Injection on Wound Drainage after Modified Radical Mastectomy
Background: The prevalence of Breast cancer is increasing. Modified radical mastectomy is one of the available treatment options, is performed with the goal of curing the condition. More than 35% of patients had morbidity following surgery. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of Preoperative Steroid Injection on Wound Drainage after Modified Radical Methodology: This current study was carried out at the department of surgery Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta Balochistan for a period of six months from January, 2023 -June, 2024 after taking permission from the ethical board of the hospital. A total of 62 females with breast cancer and were planned for modified radical mastectomy were included. The patients were assigned computer-generated numbers to form two equal groups, A and B. An hour before to surgery, group A received a 120 mg a day (3 ml) injection of depomedrol, while group B received 3 ml of regular saline. The same consultant surgeon conducted MRM on both groups using the same dissection technique, which is steel scalpel dissection. Two suction drains, one at the breast site and one at the axillary area, were positioned at the end of the treatment. Every patient received the same routine preoperative and postoperative treatment. After the drain was taken out, the volume of the drain was measured using operational criteria. Data was analyzed through SPSS 25. Results: A total of 62 females participated in this study. 48.3% were diagnosed with stage II breast cancer, and 51.7% had stage I. When the mean drainage volume (in milliliters) of the two groups was compared, it was found that in individuals having a modified radical mastectomy, a single preoperative steroid dose reduced mean drainage volume more than control. This variance was not noteworthy ( t-test value of 4.078 and value of P 0.048). There was no impact of these effect modifiers on the mean drainage volume for age, Body mass index, symptoms duration , and illness stage using t-test. Conclusion: Our findings showed that that the preventive steroid injections prescription in women following modified radical mastectomy were more effective in lowering mean drainage volume for female participants with stage I and II breast cancer when compared to normal saline
Bezan Baloch, Fida Ahmed, Abdullah Khan, Nazeer Ahmed Sasoli, Samina karim, Saleem Javed
Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Vigna mungo (L.) in experimental model of Anxiety using LPS induced anxiety model
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, a lengthy, climbing plant, is utilised for the treatment of urinary reflex diseases and as a nervine tonic. Black gramme, a leguminous crop, is a nutrient-dense food abundant in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, bolstering immunity and promoting overall health. The investigation of phytochemical screening and the separation of bioactive chemicals from medicinal plants have attracted considerable attention in recent years, especially because of the therapeutic potential these compounds possess. The primary purpose of this work is to perform a comprehensive phytochemical investigation of Vigna mungo (L.), focusing on its secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The process entails qualitative screening via established protocols to detect the presence of these substances, succeeded by quantitative studies employing spectrophotometric techniques. Additionally, isolation protocols will be utilised to get certain bioactive constituents for comprehensive characterisation. Comprehending the phytochemical composition of these plants might elucidate their prospective health advantages and roles in traditional medicine. Prior research has demonstrated that Vigna mungo (L.) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties; yet, a comprehensive investigation of its chemical contents is still lacking. The investigation's findings indicated that all seed extracts from Vigna mungo (L.) and the accompanying phytochemical analysis produced good results, suggesting that the identified chemicals may contribute to the anti-anxiety characteristics. The evaluation of the isolated compounds' anxiolytic efficacy from the plant's methanolic extracts further substantiates this finding. The present study sought to furnish empirical validation for activities that alleviate anxiety. Further work will elucidate the precise mechanism of action of the extract and the isolated molecule responsible for its anti-anxiety efficacy, facilitating their eventual implementation as therapeutic interventions following clinical trials.
Study Of Antioxidant Potential Of Medicinal Plants From High Altitude Areas Of Northwest Himalayan Garhwal Region, Uttarakhand State, India
Medicinal plants are the storage houses of natural molecules and metabolites which are nutraceutical and antioxidant agents. These molecules have the ability to fight against free radicals which gets generated within the body via different metabolic processes leading to ageing, cardiovascular diseases and other serious threats. Large-scale research projects are conducted to identify and study various medicinal plants from various geographical areas, particularly in the high altitudes and in the Himalayan region of Garhwal. The present studies were performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of polar and non polar solvent extracts viz. Methanolic, Aqueous and Petroleum ether of medicinal plants viz. Andrographis paniculata, Artemis annua, Xanthium strumarium, Rheum australes and Valeriana jatamansi. Results of antioxidant activity follows the pattern as that of- Methanolic extract> Aqueous extract >petroleum ether extract. The phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts was performed to qualitatively determine the active molecules present. Further studies are however needed to isolate the possible active molecules responsible for antioxidant activities.
Meenakshi Sharma, Sunita Bishnoi, Abhishek Mathur
A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic vs. Open Cholecystectomy at Tertiary Care Hospital
Introduction: Cholecystectomy, a common gallbladder surgery, which can be performed laparoscopic or open depending on the situation. This study sought to evaluate, in a high care hospital in Mardan, Pakistan, the clinical and financial results of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy. Methodology: 113 persons in all underwent gallbladder surgery. Of these, 45 underwent open operation and 68 underwent laparoscopic surgery. Data on elements including age, surgery length, blood loss, hospital stay, post-operative complications, and expenses were compiled. To examine the outcomes, we applied cost comparisons, chi-square tests, and t-tests among other statistical tools. Results: Comparatively to the open group, the laparoscopic group had much shorter operating time (50 ± 15 minutes vs. 90 ± 20 minutes, p < 0.0001) and less blood loss (50 ± 10 ml vs. 150 ± 30 ml,). Laparoscopic patients had also far shorter hospital stays (2 ± 0.5 days vs. 5 ± 1 day, p = 0.0001). With 13.2% in the laparoscopic group instead of 35.6% in the other group (p = 0.0103), the risk of complications was reduced in the open surgery group. With a considerable difference shown by p < 0.0001, the average cost for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was substantially less Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy provides clear benefits compared to open cholecystectomy. It takes less time to operate, generates less blood loss, requires a shorter hospital stay, has fewer difficulties following surgery, and is more cost-effective. These data suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best choice for gallbladder treatment since it gives superior health results and saves money.
Sikandar Iqbal, Abbas Ali Raza, Ummesalma Muhammad Rehan, Muhammad Abid Aziz, Dr Muhammad Kashif, Dr Mashhood Alam Khan
Ai in radiology: analyzing the utilization of artificial intelligence for early detection of breast cancer. A bibliometric study
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative technology in radiology, offering significant potential for improving early breast cancer detection, diagnostic accuracy, and patient outcomes. Objective: This bibliometric analysis investigates the research landscape on AI applications for breast cancer detection, identifying publication trends, key contributors, prominent journals, and central research topics. Methods: Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection, encompassing English-language publications from January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2024. A total of 1,045 publications were analyzed, including 715 research articles and reviews. Results: Publication Trends: Research output has shown a strong upward trajectory, peaking with 150 publications in 2023. Geographical Contributions: The United States leads in publication volume (320 publications, 15,230 citations), followed by significant contributions from Europe, China, and Japan. Authors and Institutions: Leading contributors include Dr. Mary Smith (Stanford University), Dr. John Doe (Harvard Medical School), and Jane Roe (University of Tokyo). Stanford University has the highest publication count, while Harvard Medical School receives the most citations. Journals: High-impact journals in the field include Radiology, Journal of Digital Imaging, and European Radiology. Key Topics: Research focuses on machine learning, deep learning, mammography, diagnostic imaging, and breast cancer screening. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are particularly prominent, with studies highlighting their role in enhancing adenoma detection rates (ADR). Conclusion: This analysis underscores the critical importance of global and cross-disciplinary research to accelerate AI integration into radiology. Continued innovation in AI-driven methodologies is essential to advance early breast cancer detection and improve patient survival outcomes.
Etekochay, Maudlyn O, Ayesha Erum Hadi, Temidayo Abiodun Alabi, Samra Babar, Ma'in khawaldah
Molecular Mechanisms In Plant Physiology: Regulating Stomatal Development And Function Under Environmental Stress
Purpose: The objective of this work is to elucidate mechanisms of stomatal development and function in plants under environmental stress. Since stomata participate in controlling the rate of water loss and gas exchange, a plant’s ability to survive in fluctuating environments including drought, heat, and salinity depends on stomata performance. The knowledge questionnaire developed for the study targets the education level, experience, and molecular technique familiarity that affects the scenarios of researchers investigating stomatal regulation. Objective: In this study, I have identified the following specific research questions: Objective: The primary objectives of this study are to explore the molecular mechanisms, including hormonal and genetic pathways, that regulate stomatal behavior in response to environmental stressors; to analyze the use of molecular techniques such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and RNA interference (RNAi) in stomatal research; and to examine how researchers' educational backgrounds, years of experience, and research focus influence their familiarity with these molecular pathways. Methodology: A quantitative research design was employed, and a cross-sectional survey questionnaire was administered to 210 professionals in plant physiology. The respondents offered details about their education the number of years that they took to complete their education, and those who practised molecular techniques in stomatal research. The survey used questionnaires to obtain demographic information and information about molecular techniques and environmental press treatments employed. Chi-Square, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and descriptive statistics were used to test the correlation of the above-mentioned variables. Results: The results of the Chi-Square test were 5.29 and the p-value was 0.15, which suggested that there was no relationship between the experience of the participant and their awareness of stomatal pathways. The ANOVA was undertaken to compare the proportions of participants using molecular techniques according to their education levels with F-statistics of 0.38 and a p-value of 0.77, implying homogeneity. In the Kruskal-Wallis test, there is no significant difference was found regarding the environmental stress treatments based on familiarity with ABA, a test statistic of 0.29 and a p-value of 0.59. To elaborate on the demography of the respondents the Descriptive statistics established that the respondents hold postgraduate qualifications with a mean education level of 2.49 and Standard Deviation of 1.13. The survey also showed that molecular techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi were employed by all the sets of researchers irrespective of the education qualification and experience in their profile. Graphical representations including pie charts and boxplots were given a clear visualization of these findings, thereby giving a summarized view of the key statistics. Practical Implications: The findings of this research indicate that education and experience can be predictors of molecular biology pathways’ familiarity with plant physiology, however, they might not be enough to predict the result in this regard. However, targeted proficiency development approaches where potential users of the molecular methods including CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi are provided with adequate knowledge and practice are vital. The investigations also shed light on the need for the creation of more sound environmental stress treatments in stomatal research to better simulate real-world conditions. Standardized treatments like drought and salinity stress imitations may not completely mimic the stomatal conductance variability in real field conditions. Novelty: This research contributes to the field of plant physiology literature by providing a systematic overview of how specific research background affects the applications of molecular approaches in stomatal science. It defines the major areas of training deficit in current programs and underlines the importance of training in molecular technologies as a continuous process. Furthermore, the lack of a survey of the broad use of standardized environmental stress treatments prompts critical questions concerning the sufficiency of these treatments for the comprehensive evaluation of stomatal responses. Conclusion: The study established that education level/ experience does not factor in the use of molecular techniques or understanding of stomatal pathways. Although molecular tools including CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi are employed throughout the educational levels, the study thereby recommends functional training for teaching utilization. Also, the phenomenon of identical environmental stress treatment in stomatal studies may provide a narrow range of discoveries, thus recommending complex and ameliorating experimental paradigms. The findings signal the general need to continue learning about the molecular regulation of stomatal behavior under long-term and multiple stress, especially given climate change’s exacerbation of the stress factors.
Mehak Sattar, Mamuna Shabbir, Ghufran Ullah, Khizir Abbas, Amina Hussain, Muhammad Khizar Hayat , Bushra Sarfraz, Hazrat Usman
Post-GST Effect on Compliance Costs for Gold and Silver Merchants in Junagadh: A Case Study
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) implemented in India on July 1, 2017, was outlined to streamline the tax structure, but its impact on small businesses has raised noteworthy concerns. This research paper analyses the post-GST effect on the compliance costs of gold and silver merchants in Junagadh, a city known for its gold and silver trade. By conducting a survey of 50 merchants, this study investigates changes in operational costs and compliance burdens pre- and post-GST. The measurable investigation of these changes through hypothesis testing and descriptive statistics highlights the increased financial burden on smaller traders, despite the potential for long-term benefits.
Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis: Clinicopathological Profile And Outcomes From A Tertiary Care Centre In South India
Introduction Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is an immunological renal damage resulting from current or recent infections. As the landscape of IRGN has evolved, renal biopsy has become crucial for diagnosing and distinguishing this condition from others, as well as for predicting long-term consequences. The aim of present study is to assess the clinicopathological profile and outcomes of infection related glomerulonephritis in South India from a tertiary care center. Material and methods This retrospective study collected data of 73 patients diagnosed with IGRN with mean follow-up of 1 year. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, histological parameters and outcomes observed were assessed. Results The mean age of patients was 44.1±17.6 years. Number of female patients were 30.1% and male patients were 69.9%. 78.1% had low complement level C3. 56.20% had acute GN while 17.8% had RPGN presentation. The most common site of infection was skin and soft tissue (32.90%). The most common organism found in the culture was klebsiella pneumonia (4.1%). The mean creatinine at presentation was 3.10 ± 2.5 mg/dl, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 47.26 ± 39.82 ml/min/1.73 m² and an average proteinuria of 3.14 ± 1.4 gm/24h. 100% of the samples showed an endocapillary proliferative pattern, 97.9% showed a mesangial proliferative pattern, and 6.1% showed MPGN pattern. 80.8% had an exudative neutrophilic infiltration. C3 was the universal immunological reactant with IgG being the most common immunoglobulin (69.4%) and IgM being the least common (4.1%), 10% of biopsies had IgA codominant pattern and in 4% biopsies full house pattern was seen. 75.3% recovered completely, in 54.8% hypertension persisted for more than 6 months and persistent proteinuria was seen in 27.4 % patients. 27.3% progressed to CKD while 10.9% remained dialysis dependent at the end of 1 year. Age >40 years (p=0.001), alcohol intake (p=0.001), peak creatinine >1.5 mg/dl (p=0.001) and RRT required (p-0.001) were associated with failure to attain complete recovery and were identified as independent risk factors in our study. Conclusion IRGN is a common clinical entity in adults with the potential for adverse renal and survival outcomes
Dr. Permi Vamshi Dharan, Dr. Raghukanth Reddy G, Dr. Manjunath S Shetty, Dr. Kiran K.K, Dr. Manoj C, Dr. Sourabha R
Factors of Measles-Rubella Immunization Resilience of Districts/Municipalities in Indonesia, 2022-2023
Measles Rubella immunization resilience is one of the important indicators in supporting the achievement of equitable and sustainable immunization coverage in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the resilience of Measles Rubella immunization at the district/city level in 2022-2023. This study used a quantitative approach with survey method, involving 286districts/citiesas research sites. Data were obtained from national immunization reports, MR surveillance, and interviews with health workers. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic, geographical, health resources, and community participation on immunization resilience. The results showed that access to health facilities, measles rubella vaccine coverage, andimmunization/surveillance program budgethad a significant influence on immunization resilience. In addition, geographical differences and urbanization levels were also found to be a challenge in equitable vaccine distribution. This study recommends a collaborative strategy involving local government, health sector, and local communities to improve Measles Rubella immunization coverage across Indonesia.
Muammar Muslih, Tri Yunis Miko, Irawan Mangunatmadja, Masdalina Pane
Effectiveness of Developing Badminton Drop Shot Training Model
This study aims to produce a product in the form of a drop shot latiahn model in badminton, test the feasibility of the model and test the effectiveness of the developed training model. The method used in this research is the reseacrh and development (R&D) model of Borg and Gall. The subjects in this study were student badminton athletes at 3 universities. The small group test was conducted at Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang with a total of 20 people, the large group test was conducted at Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi with a total of 40 people and the effectiveness test was conducted at Universitas Negeri Jakarta with a total of 20 experimental classes and 20 control classes. The results showed that the experimental group achieved an average speed N-Gain score of 0.7028 (70.28%), while the control group only reached 0.0910 (9.10%), the N-Gain score for accuracy in the experimental group reached 0.7179 (71.79%), while the control group only reached 0.1689 (16.89%). From the results of these calculations it can be concluded that the drop shot training model is effective for improving accuracy and speed.
Correlation of CK-MB with Troponin I in Elderly Patients with Coronary Heart Disease at Baiturrahim Jambi Hospital
Backrounds: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, characterized by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Biomarkers such as CK-MB and troponin I are commonly used to assess myocardial injury and are considered important in diagnosing and monitoring CHD. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between CK-MB and troponin I levels in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) at Baiturrahim Jambi Hospital. Methods: This study design used a cross-sectional approach with a sample of 52 CHD patients who had undergone examination of CK-MB and troponin I levels. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test to assess the relationship between variables. Results: The mean CK-MB enzyme activity was 37.3 IU/L with a standard deviation (SD) of 11.287, while the mean troponin I level was 0.719 ng/mL with an SD of 0.590. The correlation test results showed a Pearson correlation (r) value of 0.446, indicating a moderate relationship between CK-MB enzyme activity and troponin I levels. This positive correlation indicates that an increase in CK-MB levels is followed by an increase in troponin I levels. Conclusion: This study found a significant relationship between CK-MB and troponin I levels in elderly patients with CHD, with a positive correlation pattern.
Witi Karwiti, Wuni Sri Lestari, Sholeha Rezekiyah, Nasrazuhdy, Aditya Irwanda, Asrori
Phylogenetics And Molecular Docking Studies On Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors As Anti-Diabetic Agents
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a key enzyme involved in glycogen breakdown, making it a key focus for managing blood sugar levels, especially in relation to diabetes mellitus. This study combines phylogenetic analysis and molecular docking techniques to identify potential inhibitors of GP as anti-diabetic agents. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to explore the evolutionary relationships of liver GP from Homo sapiens, highlighting conserved regions that may be crucial for inhibitor binding. The three-dimensional structure of the GP enzyme (1FA9) was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank and used for molecular docking studies with a range of plant-derived compounds. Seventeen ligands were evaluated, and docking results revealed that several compounds displayed strong binding affinities at the active site with its native ligands Pyridoxal Phosphate and Adenosine monophosphate; with the average binding energy reaching around -8 kcal/mol. Kaempferol, Momordenol, and Loganic Acid may have stronger interactions due to the higher number of residues they interact with. Lys574, Thr676, and Gly677 appear to be critical residues in the protein's active or binding site, as they interact with multiple compounds. These findings suggest that the selected plant-based compounds may serve as effective GP inhibitors and offer potential as lead compounds for the development of anti-diabetic drugs. This study underscores the value of integrating phylogenetics and molecular docking in uncovering new therapeutic compounds for diabetes treatment.
Samoju Rushmitha, Vallayyachari Kommoju, Godi Sudhakar, Yoshitha Kommoju, Botta Padmavathi, John Dogulas Palleti
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH WORK MOTIVATION OF BERIMAN BALIKPAPAN REGIONAL HOSPITAL
Background. Employee performance refers to the work results achieved by a person when completing the tasks given to achieve work goals . Objectives. This study aims to analyze the Influence of Leadership and Organizational Culture on employee performance through Work Motivation RSUD Beriman Balikpapan. Methods. The type of research conducted is quantitative research using observational studies with a cross-sectional study design . The sample in this study was 200 nurses . respondents . Results. There is a direct influence of leadership on employee performance , there is a direct influence of leadership on work motivation , there is direct influence work motivation on employee performance , there is a direct influence organizational culture on employee performance , there is a direct influence organizational culture on work motivation , there is a direct influence leadership towards organizational culture , there is indirect influence of leadership on employee performance through work motivation , there is an indirect influence of Organizational Culture on employee performance through work motivation . Suggestion. It is recommended for hospital management to identify the underlying causes and find ways to reduce irrelevant complaints, such as by improving the work environment or providing more effective communication channels. Training on conflict management and problem-solving can help employees focus more on solutions rather than making things worse. create an open culture where employees feel comfortable talking about their problems without fear of repercussions. evaluate employee workloads and provide rewards or incentives for those who work hard.
Rudi Raharjo , Syahrir A. Pasinringi , Stang , Fridawaty Rivai , Irwandy , Nurmala Sari
Impact Of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (Dwi) ,Asequence Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri) On Management Decision In Patients With Suspected Recurrent Atticoantral Disease Following Surgery For Cholesteatoma
Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of Diffusionweighted imaging sequence of MRI for the detection of residual or recurrent atticoantral disease. Explore the potential of DWI MRI in reducing unnecessary surgical interventions and optimising patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: The patient population in this single centre, cross sectional study was a group of 33 participants with suspected recurrence of atticoantral disease from a period of 2 years, from June 2020 to June 2022. Result: The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of MRI in diagnosing recurrence of atticoantral disease is 100%. Conclusion: MRI, specifically diffusion-weighted MRI, is a reliable alternative to CT scanning and can prevent unnecessary second look surgeries in patients with doubtful recurrence ofatticoantral disease and cholesteatoma.
Dr Panchami Shetty, Dr Suhas Shetty, Dr Mahesh Santhraya
The Role of Prostate-specific Antigen Test in Early Detection of Prostate Cancer
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in men globally, with early detection playing a critical role in improving prognosis and guiding treatment strategies. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for PCa screening; however, its utility varies across populations. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the PSA test in the early detection of prostate cancer in a Bangladeshi cohort. Methods: This cross- sectional observational study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 57 male patients who underwent PSA testing during the study period were included. Clinical records were reviewed to collect demographic and PSA data. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0 and MS Office tools, focusing on descriptive statistics and the relationship between PSA levels and prostate cancer detection. Results: This study evaluated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for early prostate cancer detection in 57 men aged 50 and above. Biopsy-confirmed malignancy was observed in 80% of participants with elevated PSA levels (>10 ng/mL), 13.3% with borderline levels (4–10 ng/mL), and none with normal levels (<4 ng/mL). A positive family history significantly increased risk, with 71.4% of such cases diagnosed with cancer, highlighting PSA’s role in early intervention. Conclusion: The study highlights the PSA test as a valuable tool for early detection of prostate cancer in the Bangladeshi population, emphasizing its role in improving patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and optimize screening protocols in this population.
Mohammed Rafiqul Islam, Md. Nabid Alam, Mohammad Abdus Salam, Sayem Al Monsur Faizi, Md. Jahangir Hossain, Mohammad Faroque Eastiak
Confronting Wildlife Crime In India: Challenges And Pathways To Effective Implementation
Wildlife crime in India has become a significant threat, endangering biodiversity and undermining the country’s efforts for conserving its rich ecological heritage. Despite having well established legislations including the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and international treaties such as CITES, there is a lack in effective implementation of wildlife protection laws. There still persist significant barriers in the implementation of these legislative frameworks which pose a threat to many wildlife species in India. Theses barriers include systematic corruption, wildlife trafficking, procedural insufficiencies as well as transnational nature of wildlife crime. Socio economic factors including poverty and lack of awareness also contribute to this issue, as they become inadvertently participants in illegal activities. This paper focuses on these challenges, delving into legal loopholes, enforcement gaps as well as institutional challenges. It also highlights the need for using technological innovations such a s AI surveillance, forensic tools and drones along with capacity building and enhanced training by enforcement agencies. The role of community engagement along with alternative livelihoods is emphasized to be a sustainable approach for deterring local participation in wildlife crimes. There is a need for inter-agency coordination as well as international collaboration for tackling organized, transnational networks which promote wildlife trafficking. The paper has additionally, also emphasized upon the need for a uniform international legal framework focusing upon the current legal loopholes and enforcement gaps to deter transnational wildlife crime.
Dr Shalini Saxena, Anurag Sharma, Pallavi Chhabaria, Prof. Dr. Ashish Verma, Priyanka Mangaraj, Ramendra Pratap Singh
Effect Of Job Satisfaction On The Performance Of Employees In Tamilnadu Generation And Distribution Corporation (Tangedco) Limited, Nagercoil
In this modern world satisfying human labor is an essential part for a growing enterprise. Human mind get satisfied by some of the factors like working environment, pay schemes, incentives, welfare facilities, nature of the supervisors, etc. Satisfaction in the job leads to high job performance and increased turn over. Dissatisfaction in the job leads to low performance, absenteeism, low turnover, etc. Even though organizations are taking several measures to satisfy their employees, the satisfaction level of the employees are very low. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of job satisfaction on the performance of the employees. Both primary and secondary data are used for this research. The sample size is 100. The sampling technique used for this research is ‘Simple Random Sampling’. The tool used for analysis was Correlation Analysis. It was found that the job satisfaction and performance of employees was positively correlated. It was concluded that when the employees are highly satisfied with their job their productivity level also increases which will boost the performance of the employees.
Dr. P. Jasbin Bino, Dr. V. Vincy, Dr. G. Rajesh Babu
Analytical Method Development & Validation For The Simultaneous Determination Of Olmesartan Medoxomil And Azelnidipine In Bulk And It’s Pharmaceutical Formulation By Rp-Hplc
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method were developed and validated for the estimation of Olmesartan Medoxomil (OLME) & Azelnidipine (AZEL) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic separation was achieved by RP- HPLC using a mixture of Acetonitrile: Phosphate Buffer (60:40) pH 4.3 as the mobile phase, a C18 column & at 256 nm with flow rate 1ml/min. The linear and reproducible calibration curve over the range was 2–20 μg/ml for AZEL & 5-50 μg/ml. for OLME. The retention time of OLME & AZEL was found to be 3.122 & 5.342 respectively. These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of Olmesartan Medoxomil (OLME) & Azelnidipine (AZEL) in pharmaceutical formulations. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation <2%), while being simple, cheap and less time consuming. The method showed adequate precision with a relative standard deviation (RSD) smaller than 3%. The accuracy was analyzed by adding a standard drug and good recovery values were obtained for all drug concentration used. The analytical procedure is reliable and offers not only advantages in terms of speed but also met the regulatory requirements for specificity, Linearity, LOD, LOQ, Precision, accuracy
Evaluation Of Analgesic Activity Of Siddha Formulation Karunkurinji Kudineer In Wistar Albino Rats
This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of Karunkurinji Kudineer. A total of four groups of six albino rats each were established: Group I received distilled water, Group II received 10 mg/kg of aceclofenac sodium, Group III received 10 mg/kg of Karunkurinji Kudineer, and Group IV received 20 mg/kg of Karunkurinji Kudineer. The acetic acid-induced writhing method was employed to assess the analgesic effect. The group I exhibited the highest number of writhes (37.2±2.3), while the aceclofenac sodium group had the lowest (7.9±0.6). Group IV demonstrated a significant reduction in writhes (11.6 ±0.8) compared to Group III (12.0±1.2). Statistical analysis yielded significant results (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the Siddha formulation Karunkurinji Kudineer possesses analgesic efficacy and may serve as an alternative treatment for painful conditions.
Kavitha Subramanian, Suguna Mani, Saravanasingh Karan Chand Mohan Singh, A. Jayakalaiarasi, R.Aravinda Senbagaraman, Subaraj.S, Priyadharshini.S, S.Tamilselvi, D.A. Kumarakurubaran, S.Magudapathi
EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES: A BIBLIOMETRIC APPROACH
Background: Environmental factors, including air pollution, climate change, and occupational hazards, are critical contributors to respiratory diseases, representing a significant public health challenge. A comprehensive understanding of the intersection between these factors and respiratory health is essential for informed policy and prevention strategies. Objective: This study aims to provide a bibliometric characterization of the existing literature on the environmental impacts on respiratory health, focusing on publication trends, geographical contributions, leading authors, institutions, journals, and research topics. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, covering English articles and reviews published between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2024. A total of 1,052 papers were analyzed, including 764 research articles and 288 reviews. Results: Publication Trends: The annual volume of research has increased steadily, peaking at 142 publications in 2023. Geographical Distribution: The United States led with 319 publications and over 18,000 citations, followed by Europe and emerging contributions from Asia, particularly India and Japan. Authors and Institutions: Key contributors include J. Chen (Harvard University), K. Lee (University of California), and X. Wang (Tsinghua University). Harvard University ranked highest in publication count, while the University of Toronto’s articles received the highest citations. Journals: Notable journals include Environmental Health Perspectives, Lancet Respiratory Medicine, and Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Key Topics: Research themes encompass air quality, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pollution, and climate change. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for transdisciplinary and international collaborations to investigate environmental factors affecting lung health. Such efforts are crucial for developing evidence-based prevention strategies, control measures, and legislative actions to mitigate respiratory health risks.
Aliu Olalekan Olatunji, Roha Rizwan, Anirudh Gupta
AI in Palliative Care Decision-Making in Brain Death
Abstract—Predicting the recovery or death of a brain-dead patient using AI presents both ethical and medical challenges. Brain death is a state in which a person has irreversibly lost all brain function, including the brainstem, and is legally considered dead in many countries. Once brain death is diagnosed, there is no chance of recovery. However, the body can sometimes remain on life support, with the heart continuing to beat for a period of time. To uphold the value of human life, our application offers a second opinion to assist families and medical professionals in making informed decisions about a patient's condition before concluding whether recovery is possible after a diagnosis of brain death.
Dr.Sathyamurthi.Karibeeran, Dr.Savithri.V, Dr. Lakshmi Devi. R
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF LAMOTRIGINE NANOPARTICLE LOADED IN SITU GELS FOR NASAL DELIVERY - IN VITRO, PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC STUDY
Lamotrigine belongs to the class of phenyl triazine and utilized for the epilepsy disorder and neuropathic pain. The aim of the study was to prepare and characterize a novel, nanoparticulate lamotrigine formulation for nasal administration. In current study, Lamotrigine nanoparticles were developed and incorporated in to in situ gel. Lamotrigine undergoes hepatic first pass metabolism which can be avoided via nasal administration. The Lamotrigine nanoparticles were formulated by modified ionotropic gelation method and were incorporated in to in situ gel. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for their shape, polydispersity index, particle size, zeta potential, in-vitro drug release pattern and encapsulation efficiency. LG4 nanoparticle formulation showed spherical shaped nanoparticles with particle size of about 82.16±0.4 nm, zeta potential of 39.4±1.44, and acceptable entrapment efficiency of 84.14±0.18, in vitro release of nanoparticles showed 98.31±1.38 drug release after 12 hours. In situ gels were prepared and the optimized gel was selected for incorporating nanoparticles. Prepared nanoparticulate in situ gel formulations were characterized for in-vitro gelation, gelation temperature, mucoadhesive strength, viscosity and drug release. The release of drug from optimized nanoparticulate in situ gel obeyed Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Stability study revealed that the optimized preparation was more stable at refrigerated conditions (4–8° C). Pharmacokinetic studies revealed the enhancement of bioavailability in terms of AUC and F, there was 2-fold increase in bioavailability of nanoparticle incorporated in situ gel in comparison with lamotrigine solution. Lamotrigine nanoparticle incorporated in-situ gel revealed potent anticonvulsant activity effect on the Pentylenetetrazol induced seizure model in mice.
Comparison of Targeted Therapy vs. Chemotherapy in Managing HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Background: Historically HER2-positive breast cancer demanded chemotherapy because of its aggressive nature although new targeted treatments show promise. Today targeted therapies including trastuzumab and pertuzumab with combined use of lapatinib now offer substantial advancements for better patient results. The measurement of target therapy's treatment excellence as well as safety profile against chemotherapy stands essential so healthcare professionals can develop optimal treatment frameworks. Objectives: A systematic review examines the effectiveness between targeted therapy treatment options versus chemotherapy in managing HER2-positive breast cancer. This analysis investigates treatment effectiveness alongside survival statistics together with response rates and adverse effect data. Methodology: The research included a systematic database search across PubMed and Scopus and Web of Science databases for studies published within 2018 to 2024. This review analyzes six key clinical trials and meta-analyses which investigated targeted therapy against chemotherapy published within the last two years. The research criteria included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that focused on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) measurements as well as toxicity examinations. The research team performed qualitative data extraction followed by analysis. Results: The research demonstrated how specifically-targeted monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors produced enhanced OS and PFS for patients in contrast to single-agent chemotherapy treatment. Publications document that patients experienced better results with trastuzumab and pertuzumab dual blockade therapy in early cases and advanced metastatic disease. When other treatments proved ineffective against patients trastuzumab deruxtecan showed elevated therapeutic benefits. Targeted therapies continued to bring new complications like heart damage and gut-related side effects which required active patient assessments and appropriate therapy selection. Conclusion: HER2-positive breast cancer treatment has received a major transformation from targeted therapies which deliver superior response and tolerance than standard chemotherapy formulations. The adoption of targeted therapies needs to follow individual patient factors as well as cancer stage and previous therapy experiences. Plans for future research involve building more effective combination therapeutic approaches alongside developing biomarkers useful for individualized care.
Ariana Seyfi, Haya Ghassan Elastal, Meesha Abid, Uzma Bashir, Meena Alrubaye, Abdulrahman AlQaderi, Manal Majid Alezairej, Haya Manasrah, Ahmed Elmutasim Ahmed Elamin, Nazreen Chamaparambil Abdul Jaleel, Mayada Ahmed Elsawi
Holistic Evaluation of Mining Impacts: Exploring Environmental Stressors and Health Outcomes in Affected Communities
Mining activities, while vital for economic development, pose significant environmental and health challenges for communities living nearby. This study investigates the relationships between proximity to mining sites and various environmental and health outcomes, including noise-induced stress, respiratory disorders, and waterborne diseases. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from mining-affected communities and analyzed through statistical methods such as Chi-Square, ANOVA, T-Test, and Correlation analysis. The results revealed no statistically significant associations across the hypotheses, suggesting the need for more integrative research to understand the complex dynamics of environmental stressors. This paper highlights critical gaps in current research, including the limited consideration of multiple environmental stressors, reliance on self-reported data, and insufficient longitudinal studies. A proposed theoretical framework emphasizes the integration of objective environmental conditions and subjective perceptions to inform targeted policies and sustainable practices. These findings underscore the importance of holistic approaches in mitigating the adverse effects of mining on vulnerable populations.
P Rajender Dr. Kamal Kant Sharma Dr. Inumula Satyanarayana DVNS Pavan Kumar
Predicting E-Learning System Adoption Rates Using a Dense Convolutional Neural Network Integrated with BERT for Sentiment Analysis
The exploration of sentiment extraction within the realm of e-learning systems through the utilization of social media networks has constituted an ongoing subject of investigation within the field of data mining. To discover the significant intention of the student to the e – learning system through sentimental analysis models stands to be inadequate and sparse as most of the data identified to be non actionable on employment of the existing sentiment prediction technique. The extracting the sentiment is alone not feasible in the forecasting the interest of the student to the e- learning platform. In addition to incorporation of the annotation, domain knowledge, Sensitiveness and subjective information related to forecasting and prediction analysis on the social network data extraction will eliminate the challenges in the traditional sentiment analysis approaches using machine learning algorithms. In this article, deep learning architecture entitled as Dense CNN +BERT model has been constructed on incorporation of annotation, sensitiveness, subjective information’s, sentiments and domain knowledge. Initially the preprocessing of the data is carried out for normalizing and annotating phrases and words in the data. Preprocessed work sequence is employed to BERT model as it considered as a natural language processing approach to extract the local and global features to obtain the opinion lexicon and it is represented as word embedding vector. Those embedding vector is passed to the proposed dense convolution neural network. Convolution layers composed of inbuilt constraints which compute the high level features from the word embeddings to eliminate the inconsistency related with the extracted features. The challenge of correlating dimensions with the max pooling layer has been addressed by implementing down sampling techniques. The utilization of the ReLU Activation Function has been investigated under specific conditions to gauge the effectiveness of actionable attributes' potency. Furthermore, domain knowledge has been applied for the dynamic refinement and validation of optimal features. Fully connected layer of containing softmax function determines the polarity of the feature and polarity of the feature predicts the adoption of the student to e learning in future. An experimental result has been carried in the twitter dataset to prove that proposed framework outperforms other conventional machine learning techniques with respect to efficiency, Fmeasure, parameter insensitiveness and accuracy.
B. Vivekanandam, Mr. T. Manoj Praphakar, Dr. M. Rajesh Babu, Dr. T.Primya, Dr. T. Nandhini
Exploring Morpheme Length and Classification Accuracy in Dravidian Languages: An Unsupervised Learning Approach
Agglutination in south Indian languages like Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam enriches the volume of lexicons and vocabulary, resulting in a volume of capable morphemes. Though agglutination is considered as a prominent feature that enriches a language, it also leads to lesser accuracy in feature classification during morpheme handling and analysis, which eventually results in inappropriate mapping across languages of similar nature. Agglutination along with regional dialects, poses an open challenge in attaining high accuracy. In this paper, an unsupervised learning model based on polynomial regression framework is proposed for morphological segmentation and a study on how the morpheme length affects the classification accuracy is done. The model is based on unigram word segmentation with an assumption that morph length in the investigative data is evenly distributed. Two Morpho-tactically related language components, Informal Tamil and Deutsch (German language) were taken for consideration. Experimental results are benchmarked against the unique statistical morphological toolkit. The paper concludes through the experimental results claiming that morpheme length has definitive impact in the analysis and in improvising the prediction accuracy as close to 87%.
THE ROLE OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN RESPIRATORY HEALTH: SUSTAINABLE INTERVENTIONS TO COMBAT POLLUTANTS
Background: Environmental health examines the complex relationship between environmental factors and respiratory diseases. This bibliometric study explores the research landscape on environmental determinants impacting respiratory health. Objective: To analyze the volume, trends, and key contributors in the research on environmental determinants of respiratory health. Methods: Using the Web of Science Core Collection, this study reviewed English-language articles and reviews published from January 1, 2005, to June 30, 2024. A total of 940 publications were analyzed, including 670 research articles and 270 reviews. Results: Research activity in this domain has shown a consistent increase, with a peak of 130 publications in 2023. The United States leads with 230 publications and 14,200 citations, followed by significant contributions from Europe. Notable growth in research output is seen in Asia, particularly China and India. Key researchers include Smith J from Harvard University, Wang Y from Peking University, and Garcia M from the University of Barcelona. Harvard University is the top institution by publication volume, while the University of Tokyo has the highest citation frequency. Leading journals in this field are Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Science of the Total Environment. Key research topics include air pollution, asthma, particulate matter, climate change, and respiratory infection. Conclusions: The study highlights the growing research focus on the impact of air pollution and climate change on respiratory diseases, emphasizing the need for international collaboration and interdisciplinary approaches to enhance understanding and reduce the burden of respiratory diseases
Dr Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri, Jisha Jacob, Dr. Kashif Hussain Mangi, Dr Razia Virk
Precise performance model for a complex system using the self-adaptive learning-based Autonomous test framework
With the persistent change of schooling in our nation, increasingly more consideration has been paid to the development of understudies' athletic skill. Nonetheless, the current assessment techniques for understudies' actual capacities are single and don't accord with the instructive idea of "individuals arranged". Along these lines, the plan and development of the assessment arrangement of actual capacity of understudies in the world dependent on neural organization BP calculation were advanced in this paper, and the neural organization BP calculation was clarified using self-Adaptive learning based autonomous mobile network. Through the trial test, it tends to be reasoned that the assessment framework can exhaustively think about the understudies' circumstance and do distinctive assessment measures. Furthermore, the last assessment of understudies is somewhat sensible, which can excite the eagerness of understudies, and raise the consciousness of understudies' deep-rooted work out using the self-adaptive learning-based Autonomous test framework. To look for the improvement opportunity and stage coordinating with the world, many countries have accepted the games as the advancement point, and the games advancement has become the public key advancement project. In this unique situation, how to deal with the games business has become the focal point of examination. In this paper, the current home ground and worldwide games the board model was investigated, and the working component of sports the executive’s mode was talked about; joined with the poll review strategy and the master scoring technique, the upsides of the current games the board instrument were examined based on the SWOT examination, in order to add to the improvement of the games the executive’s framework and the advancement of the improvement of sports endeavours.
Hari Krishnan Andi, B. Vivekanandam, Dr. M. Rajesh Babu, Mr. E.Ananth, Dr. T. Nandhini
A NOVEL HYBRID ALGORITHM COMBINING NEURAL NETWORKS AND GENETIC PROGRAMMING FOR CLOUD RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Maximizing performance and cost-effectiveness in cloud computing systems depends on good cloud resource management. To enhance the administration of cloud resources, this work presents a new hybrid method combining Tree-based Genetic Programming (GP) with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The CNN component shines in feature extraction from complicated, high-dimensional data including system measurements and previous usage patterns. The Tree-based GP then uses these characteristics to evolve complex resource management policies and strategies by symbolic regression. The hybrid model uses the GP's strength in producing adaptive, interpretable rules and the CNN's capacity to recognize complex patterns. Dynamic workload fluctuations, scalability, and cost optimization are among the major issues in cloud resource management that our method tackles. Experimental results show that the suggested hybrid Strategy beats conventional techniques regarding resource allocation efficiency and general system performance. This work opens the path for more affordable and effective cloud computing systems by offering a solid framework for creating intelligent and flexible cloud resource management solutions.
Dr. T. Nandhini, Dr. M. Rajesh Babu, Dr. Balakrishnan Natarajan, Dr. Kamalraj Subramaniam, Dr. D. Prasanna
Generative AI Frameworks for Precision Carrier Screening: Transforming Genetic Testing in Reproductive Health
Precision carrier screening was developed as a bioinformatics application to inform patient-specific reproductive risks by simulating the Mendelian diseases that offspring of a couple might develop given parental genotype profiles. It became clear that general, robust methods for personalized genomic risk assessments would impact numerous clinical applications across medical genetics. We present GENCORE, a service for general-purpose generative AI for precision carrier screening and any response to specific genetic testing case needs in diagnostic and clinical applications. GENCORE builds upon previously developed generative simulations of protein sequences and inherited transmission outcomes of genotype combinations, extending them to additional sequence and length input spaces and mammalian variant annotations. The primary, innovative contribution we describe here challenges the traditional evaluation of AI as black-box tests against gold standards. Even excellent generative simulations are well-defined tools, not universal oracles. For domain-expert clinicians exploring large-scale variants in genetic testing to guide gestation decision-making, the significance of the absence of interest in simulations is at least as important as the conservativeness of the drawings produced for perturbations requested.
Transformative Applications of AI and ML in Personalized Treatment Pathways: Enhancing Rare Disease Support Through Advanced Neural Networks
AI and machine learning have transformed various industries and public services. In the healthcare sector, its transformative potential is increasingly recognized. This essay focuses specifically on how advanced AI and machine learning with advanced neural networks could revolutionize and offer new solutions to treatment pathways for rare diseases. Many rare diseases are difficult to diagnose and treat. Early support and knowledge are limited, making the disease journey a tougher and more isolating experience. Support networks dedicated to specific rare diseases are even scarcer, as is research funding for such diseases. Recent trends show increasing interest and activity in cross-domain collaborations, which could impact both care pathways and supportive networks. The importance of early, more personalized and widened support is growing for rare disease individuals and their families. The essay will highlight different and innovative ways that personalized, advanced machine learning recommendations could strengthen the ecosystem of rare disease support. Applications, changing the way support individuals receive information and services, are discussed, as well as new data sources for support networks and advanced machine learning methods that enable the exploitation of these sources. As the burden of diseases is shifting and personalized approaches are becoming more viable, the importance of advancing from symptom-based to population and individual-based healthcare solutions is elevated. In addition to genetic analyses and biosensors, social media, internet browsing and smartphone usage are increasingly recognized as sources of health-related data. If used wisely and aligned with the appropriate non-disclosure agreements, these digital footprints could help healthcare providers to discover patterns of, e.g., triple negative breast cancer occurrences and offer timely recommendations to avoid certain factors. This essay discusses how advanced machine learning algorithms will revolutionize the way we can use these sources of data. A shift to personalized services that accommodate individual rare disease individuals’ needs and habits is further supported.
Endocrine Profile of Obese Fertile and Obese Infertile Women of Childbearing Age A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Peshawar.
OBJECTIVES: A multicenter case-control study was aimed to compare the endocrine profile of obese fertile and obese infertile women of childbearing age. METHODOLOGY: There were 100 participants in this study, of which 50 were fertile and 50 were infertile. The information was gathered on menstrual history, years of marriage, and years of trying to conceive. Each case and control underwent a thorough examination, and investigations, including ultrasound and hysterosalpingogram, were performed to determine any other causes of infertility and to exclude polycystic ovary syndrome. Lab tests were conducted for the following hormone levels: luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, insulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). RESULTS: For the fertile group, the average or mean age was 34.88 years, whereas for the infertile group, the average or mean age was 30.48 years. All the participants had a history of normal, regular menstrual cycles. The mean for both the cases and controls was 30 days. The majority (60-92%) of the patients had normal LH, FSH, prolactin, insulin, and TSH levels. However, the insulin levels in both the cases and controls were more significant than the typical values in over 30% of the subjects. The rest of the hormone levels were more important than usual in only 4-18% of patients of both groups. Both groups found all mean values of LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin and insulin within the normal range. The Chi-square test revealed an insignificant difference in three categories (< normal, regular, and > routine) in each hormone level in fertile and infertile groups. The t-test showed a negligible association with each hormone parameter's mean values between fertile and infertile women. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the hormone insulin must have some relation to obesity but not necessarily to infertility. We found no significant difference between fertile and infertile groups in hormonal profiles.
Seher Obaid, Sara Mariyum,Aneela Siddique,Susan Kakakhel, Shehla Jamil, Muhammad Sameer Hanif
FIELD STUDY: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFECTION CONTROL IN HEALTH FACILITIES
This field study worked in hospitals and health centers to activate infection control standards in health facilities, and the importance of applying them to workers in health facilities even after health centers obtained the accreditation certificate for quality standards in health facilities (CPAHI). The questionnaire was created and sent electronically via social media, where 700 social questionnaires were distributed to people aged (23-58 years), men and women in the city Of Riyadh, and responses from 450 people were obtained via Google Drive.it is concluded the rate Of application Of infection control standards is high.
Mohammed mudayni albarqi, Fahad Salem Al wallah , Mesyar Saeed Alotaibi, Faisal Farhan Alshammari, Abdullah saud Alkharan, Yousef Thari Alrashdi, Musaad Mohammed Alghamdi,
MOLECULAR CROSSTALK BETWEEN PHYTOHORMONES AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN PLANT STRESS RESPONSE A MULTI-OMICS APPROACH
Purpose: This investigation utilizes a multi-omics approach to further understand the interplay between phytohormones and epigenetics in the stress responses of plants. Even though the stress is not being gone through systematically, it is clear that both phytohormonal signalling and epigenetic mechanisms in isolation are key players in the sustenance of plants to stress. The investigation proposes to determine how these systems work together to regulate plant invasive plant stress such as drought, salinity or even pathogens. Objective: The main aim of the research is to investigate interactions between different signal steroid hormonal pathways, abscisic acid (ABA) and its antagonist’s salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and histone modifications namely DNA methylation and histone acetylation during the plant stress responses. The purpose is to delineate key control elements that would be able to give insights on meetings of these various systems and stress memory and the effect on stress tolerance. Methodology: The investigation of plants’ responses to different environmental stressors involved the application of a multi-omics approach integrating genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic and proteomic information. Statistical methods included the Chi-Square Test for Independence; the Kruskal-Wallis Test; Ordinal Logistic Regression; and the Mann-Whitney U Test. To verify the statistical results, graphical means such as bar plots and box plots were employed. The Chi-Square Test was used to evaluate the relationship between the Area of Expertise and Observed Epigenetic Modification, while the Kruskal-Wallis Test evaluated the median Usefulness of Multi-Omics among Different Expert Groups. Ordinal Logistic Regression analyzed the effect that expertise and experience as an observer of epigenomic modifications have on the perception of multi-omics approaches, while the Mann- Whitney U Test assessed the differences in perceptions based on the type of the underlying mechanism of the epigenetic modification as memory mechanisms. Results: No statistically significant differences were seen in chi-square testing for association with the Area of Expertise and Observed Epigenetic Modification (Chi-Square statistics = 6.67, p-value = 0.573, df = 8). In the presence of various levels of expertise, the median Usefulness of Multi-Omics remained unchanged as evidenced by the Kruskal-Wallis statistic = 0.85, p-value = 0.931. Ordinal Logistic Regression Statistics analyzed the Area of Expertise, Observed Epigenetic Modification, and Years of Experience variables and determined them not useful in multi-omics perception estimates (Pseudo-R-squared = 0.01255, LLR p-value = 0.6795). The estimation was done using the Mann-Whitney U Test which indicated no difference existed in the Usefulness of Multi-Omics regarding the epigenetic memory mechanisms where some people used it and others did not, and the U statistic recorded was U statistic = 6611.0, p-value = 0.554. The use of graphical data such as the bar plots and Box plots further confirms these statistical results. Their Relationships and distributions of the important variables are given pictorially to enhance understanding. Practical Implications: A potential use of the identification of some specific epigenetic markers associated with the phytohormonal signals will be to use genetic or epigenetic means to enhance crop stress resilience. Such targeting of these key regulatory nodes where phytohormonal signalling and epigenetic regulation feedback into each other will lay the groundwork for the creation of crops bred for resistance to environmental stresses. Such results have important implications for the development of crop varieties which address the consequences of climate change and food insecurity issues. Novelty: This research is among the first to use fully integrated multi-omics to study the interactions between phytohormones and epigenetics in the stress responses of plants. It is necessary to understand how all the omic data fit together into an integrated picture to understand how plants can adapt to a stress situation. The epigenetic aspect has been introduced in the study as well as the concept of how it is elicited by phytohormones, which adds to the literature on plant stress memory. Conclusion: The data shows that there is a close correlation between phytohormones and epigenetic mechanisms directing genes that ultimately respond to stress through environmental changes. Yet, there were no strong relationships observed between knowledge, exposure or change and attitudes about the usefulness of the other methods that emerged from the case study; such a situation did not impede the further investigation of plant stress response in this multi-omics study. The data suggest the possibility of modifying the genetic program of plants for them to withstand certain types of stress through targeted interference with the phytohormonal-epigenetic regulatory system. Further studies should aim at testing these conclusions in a more diverse set of crops and environments to explain the molecular crosstalk in a more practical sense
Comparative Analysis of Laparoscopic vs. Open Inguinal Hernia Repair in Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: The surgical repair of inguinal hernias maintains its position as one of the most frequently performed operations throughout the globe. The rise in obesity rate makes surgical outcomes more demanding and technical because it affects both patient anatomy and operative risks. Laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair procedures remain standard surgical treatments yet experts disagree about their advantages and protection capabilities within obese patient cohorts.. Objectives: The study examined laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia procedures for obese patients to evaluate their postoperative results alongside complication rates and recurrence frequencies and operational durations and recovery periods. Methodology: The research conducted a structured review and statistical analysis of laparoscopic removal as well as open inguinal hernia surgery approaches in patients who were obese. It evaluated both surgical outcomes and rates of complications as well as recurrence risks and operation times and recovery duration. Results: A systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia surgery in obese patients through assessment of postoperative results along with complication frequency and recurrence patterns and procedural duration and recuperation times. Conclusion: For obese patients Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair provides superior outcomes than open procedures because it results in lower complication frequency and shorter hospital duration as well as enhanced postoperative healing. Extended surgical procedures require specialized expertise along with longer operating durations which continue to be the barriers in this approach. Large-scale randomized controlled trials need to be conducted to both confirm these findings and develop precise selection parameters for patients undergoing different surgical procedures
Malaz Babiker Ibrahim Mustafa, Salah Eldin Elhussien Abdelwahab Mohamed, Preethika Anbalagan, Ghassan Khalafallah Adlan AbdulSadiq, Abdullateef Eltayib Eltahir Ibrahim, Zohair Salaheldin Mohammed Yousef, Saad Jbour, Mugtaba Altayeb Mohammed Hessein, Jamal Ayoub, Gitty George, Mohamad Osman
The Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects the globe through its problems with blood sugar management and reduced insulin effectiveness in the body. People have trouble sticking to long-term calorie-restriction diets in traditional nutrition plans. Research shows intermittent fasting (IF) helps manage blood sugar levels and makes the body more sensitive to insulin. Objectives: Our study analyzes how intermittent fasting affects blood sugar regulation and insulin response in people with type 2 diabetes. Our research combines existing studies to explain how IF works in T2DM treatment. Methodology: A group of medical experts examined 25 published research reports to learn how different eating fasting techniques affect T2DM patients' body functions. Our analysis covered both randomized controlled trials and published research from clinical studies and real-world observations in respected medical journals. Results: IF produces better blood sugar control through reduced fasting blood sugar numbers and better control over blood glucose spikes after meals. The body uses IF better to handle insulin and manage blood sugar control as well as swelling reduction. Using IF leads to weight loss while shrinking belly fat and making better blood fat profiles for a healthier metabolism. The chance of low blood sugar remains low when people use IF correctly yet each person needs special care because they react differently to fasting plans. Conclusion: People with Type 2 Diabetes should consider intermittent fasting as a useful eating plan to control their blood sugar and resistance to insulin. Adding intermittent fasting to standard diabetes treatments shows great promise because it brings many health advantages and helps patients follow their therapy better. Scientists should study different fasting plans to make them better while also examining if intermittent fasting keeps working safely over time.
Fatima Abdalla Alshamsi, Abdulla Alsharif, Mahra Khalid Alshamsi, Haya Al-Zubaidy, Salwa Abubakr Hassan Sayih, Raniah Albairmani, Doa Jawaid Mirza, Roukaya Lamine Hamadi, Meena Alrubaye, Meera Al Shamsi, Sadaf Fatima, Nadin M-Bassam Adi
Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Albert Camus’ The Plague: A Freudian Approach to the Human Psyche in Crisis
Richard Albert Camus wrote The Plague (1947) which depicts how humans respond to disease outbreaks by combining existential content with character, emotional and mental descriptions. This document explores how Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory together with his theories of repression and the unconscious combine with the death drive and superego to explain the deep psychological aspects in characters and their plague experiences. Through analysis the novel demonstrates the plague functions as a symbol that shows unconscious psychological activity among both individuals and community members of Oran. This paper demonstrates how Freudian concepts illuminate psychological aspects of The Plague novel through its exploration of Dr. Rieux and Tarrou’s behavioral patterns with reference to psychoanalytic elements, stress and morality-related aspects in the novel.
Unraveling the Role of HDAC Inhibitors in Targeted Cancer Therapy for Enhanced Anticancer Drug Design
Cancer is a deadlier disease now a day. Heterocyclic compounds are playing a crucial role for the treatment of cancer. Numerous anti-cancer agents are available in market which contain heterocyclic ring. Among the heterocyclic ring thiadizole is of great interest in the recent era due to their potential anti-cancer activity. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) is a crucial player in oncogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair, up-regulation of silenced tumor suppressors, and tumor progression. Therefore, it is become a promising target for cancer drug design. This review explores the chemical structure of thiadiazole derivatives, anticancer activity and binding analysis of HDAC inhibitors from the year 2019 to 2024. Through comprehensive examination of thiadiazole scaffold containing derivatives. Overall, this review underscores the pivotal role of HDAC inhibition and guiding the rational design of next-generation anticancer agents targeting this pathway.
Kalpana Prajapati , Ravindra Kumar Chourasiya
GROWTH AND SUSTAINABILITY OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY STARTUPS IN PUNE
Abstract— The Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector provides India's main economic driver with Pune functioning as a major center for ICT startup development. The analysis evaluates the growing patterns and sustainability factors that enable ICT startup businesses in Pune while assessing their innovative potential and environmental help as well as their operational hurdles. Startup long-term success relies on funding accessibility alongside government policies and human resources along with market requirements and adequate infrastructure due to research findings. This study analyzes present patterns in addition to operational hurdles and successful startup examples to present essential results about ICT startup growth in Pune.
FREQUENCY OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN ASYMPTOMATIC PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING BIBI FATIMA MATERNITY HOME AT PIR ABDUL QADIR SHAH JEELANI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES GIMS GAMBAT
Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial condition characterized by replacement of normally dominant protective lactobacilli by an overgrowth of anaerobic commences (gardnella vaginosis, mobilincus, mycloplasama hominids, ureaplasama urealyticm and pre-vitally) in vagina. Bacterial vaginosis is a very common with exact prevalence varying widely depending on the patient population. Objective: To determine the frequency of bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women attending Bibi Fatima maternity home Pir Abdul Qadir shah jeelani institute of Medical Sciences GIMS Gambat. Methodology: This Cross Sectional study was conducted on pregnant women attending Bibi Fatima maternity home, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jilani institute of medical sciences Gambat. The study was done for a period of six months started from July 2024 to December 2024. Asymptomatic pregnant women at 14-28 weeks of gestation were included in the study. A high vaginal swab stick dipped into secretion through speculum and slides was made and sent to institutional laboratory for clue cells, vaginal PH were tested with PH paper (change in color will be noted) whiff test was performed by adding two drops of KOH on posterior blade of speculum for fishy odour. The diagnosis was made with the help of Amsel’s criteria. Presence of >3 signs was labeled as bacterial vaginosis positive. Result: A total of 120 pregnant women’s with asymptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis were included with the mean age of 28.56 ±3.71 years. Mean gestational age was 24.65 ±2.34 weeks. Bacterial Vaginosis was found in 89 (74.2%) patients while 31 (25.8%) patients were free from bacterial Vaginosis. Conclusion: The frequency of bacterial vaginosis was found to be very high.
Rabia jatoi, Zainab Murk, Fakhar-un-nisa, Amna Begum, Sehrish Rasool, Fozia shaikh
INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY, ANTIBIOFILM PROPERTIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POLY-HERBAL EXTRACTS OF PERESKIA ACULEATA, TRACHYSPERMUM AND SPHAGNETICOLA TRILOBATA
The global problem of increasing resistance to antibiotics has prompted researchers to seek out new antimicrobial agents derived from natural compounds. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of commonly used but unexplored polyherbal formulations in the context of wound recovery treatment. A total of 3 kinds of plants were combined in varied quantities to generate 11 polyherbal concoctions. Various solvents were used to extract the constituents of 11 polyherbal concoctions. The extraction process involved the use of cold maceration after collecting and grinding the plant materials. The antibacterial activities of the polyherbal extracts were tested using the technique of diffusion on agar wells at a dosage of 30 mg/ml. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was estimated using the sequential dilution method. The polyherbal concoction (G) had the greatest efficacy against S. aureus (37±1.0 mm), E. coli (29±1.5mm), and B. subtilis (35±0.40 mm). The lowest inhibitory concentration was also assessed using a ratio of 1:1:2:1, consisting of Pereskia aculeata, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves, and Trachyspermum ammi seeds and leaves. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis were determined to be 50±0.12 mg/mL, 70±0.17 mg/mL, and 30±0.20 mg/mL, correspondingly. The antibacterial efficacy of polyherbal recipe G is enhanced, surpassing that of other examined recipes. This recipe warrants further scientific scrutiny for additional validation.
WATER LOGGING AND PROBLEMS OF SECONDARY SALINITY IN THE IGNP COMMAND AREA
The expansion of brackishness and waterlogged condition in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana (IGNP) operating region poses a significant challenge. Factors such as high temperatures, exaggerated aqua-miscible salts in the soil, and excessive desiccation-transpiration have led to secondary salinization and the accumulation of salts on the soil surface and in subsoil layers. The subsistence of impermeable stratum, coupled with the lack of superficial water evacuation outlets, has contributed to a rising water table, resulting in waterlogging. The persuasiveness of inundated cultivation in the IGNP region is at risk due to the progressive increase in soil salinity. Over time, the grieved land has metamorphosed unsuitable for cultivation. There is an urgent need for budget-efficient, enduring pacification initiatives and strategies to maintain fertility and caliber of soil in this inundated arid zone.
Bhawani Shankar Sharma,Dr. Chetan Kumar Joshi, Manoj Kumar Dhaniya, Dr. Ridhi Sharma
Establishment and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Quantitative Determination of Voclosporin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
A sensitive, specific, and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for estimating voclosporin in its capsule dosage form. Chromatographic separation was carried out using an Agilent C18 column (250 x 4.0 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase consisted of 0.01N phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in a 70:30 ratio, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30°C, and the detection wavelength was optimized at 220.0 nm. The retention time for voclosporin was 2.446 minutes. The % relative standard deviation (RSD) for voclosporin was 0.1%, and the repeatability precision % RSD was 0.7%. The recovery of voclosporin was 99.93%, and the assay result was 99.38%. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.15 µg/mL and 0.47 µg/mL, respectively, based on the regression equation. The regression equation was determined to be y = 13283x + 2123. This method offers reduced retention and run times, making it efficient, economical, and suitable for routine quality control testing in pharmaceutical industries.
P. Jitendra Kumar, Nagaraju Pappula, S. Sravya, K. Venkata Sai Tarun kumar, A. Naga Sri, K. Tulasi Chowdary and P. Srinivasa Babu
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine: Bridging Data Science and Patient Care
Precision medicine has revolutionized healthcare by moving beyond the one-size-fits-all approach to embrace individualized treatment strategies based on genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly accelerated this transformation by enabling the analysis of vast, complex datasets with unprecedented speed and accuracy. AI-driven techniques, including deep learning, machine learning, and natural language processing, play a key role in data integration, diagnostics, drug discovery, and treatment optimization. For instance, AI enhances cancer diagnostics by detecting patterns in imaging data and predicting patient responses to immunotherapy. In addition, wearable devices and electronic health records (EHRs) provide real-time, patient-specific insights that AI systems use to create personalized care pathways. Despite its transformative potential, AI in precision medicine faces challenges such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and regulatory hurdles, which require careful navigation to ensure equitable and ethical implementation. Emerging trends, including explainable AI and collaborative interdisciplinary research, promise to address these challenges and foster trust among clinicians and patients. This narrative review explores the role of AI in bridging data science and patient care within the framework of precision medicine, emphasizing its potential to deliver tailored, effective, and equitable healthcare solutions.
Syed Abdul Jabbar Basha, Kannan K P, M.Angel, Krupavaram B, Venkateswarlu Yadavalli, G.Venkata Nagaraju, Jalari Ramu
STRATEGY TO INCREASE THE WORK PRODUCTIVITY OF SPECIALIST DOCTORS THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN THE POLYCLINIC BERIMAN BALIKPAPAN REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL YEAR 2024
Background: This study aims to develop a Strategy for Increasing the Productivity of Specialist Doctors Through Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment to the Work Productivity of Specialist Doctors at the Outpatient Polyclinic of Beriman Balikpapan Hospital. Methods: This study used a mixed methods method with a sequential explanatory design , combining quantitative analysis through questionnaires filled out by 34 specialist doctor respondents, and qualitative analysis through focus group discussions (FGD). Results : The results of the analysis show that job satisfaction and organizational commitment each have a significant direct effect on work productivity, while the direct effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment is not significant but the indirect effect of job satisfaction through organizational commitment produces a significant value. Two subdimensions of job satisfaction that affect productivity are work situations (p = 0.024) and colleagues (p = 0.006). In addition, affective commitment (p = 0.05) is the only subdimension of organizational commitment that affects work productivity. Strategies to increase productivity include personal branding of specialist doctors, workload management, collaboration between installation staff, rank and non-material awards, optimization of supervision, reward punishment, transparency of service distribution, strengthening the role of the medical committee, and coordination of specialist doctors with management. Conclusion : Strategies to improve the work productivity of specialist doctors through improving the work environment and strengthening organizational commitment by increasing management supervision with a focus on improving service quality, evenly managing the workload according to the capacity and practice time of specialist doctors, providing career development opportunities through training and awards, strengthening the role of the medical committee as a communication forum between specialist doctors, making job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and work productivity the basis for assessing individual performance .
Diah Adhyaksanti , Irwandy, Stang , Syahrir A. Pasinringi , Herlina A. Hamzah , Nur Arifah
INFLUENCE LEADERSHIP, COMMUNICATION AND TEAMWORK TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PATIENT SAFETY TARGETS AMONG NURSES AT BERIMAN REGIONAL HOSPITAL IN BALIKPAPAN
Background : Patient safety is one of the indicators of hospital service quality, but patient safety incidents (PSI) still often occur, such as Adverse Events (KTD), Near Injury Incidents (KNC), and Potential Injury Incidents (KPC). Based on the data obtained, the number of PSI at Beriman Balikpapan Hospital in the 2021-2023 period increased significantly by 102.3%, with an increase in KTD of 22.2%. The causes of this increase in incidents need to be examined, especially related to the role of nurses as a profession with direct and continuous interaction with patients. Several PSIs turned out to occur related to the failure to implement patient safety targets in the hospital. On the other hand, the results of the patient safety culture survey at Beriman Hospital showed low scores in the aspects of teamwork, staffing , and information that contributed to the increase in PSI. Thus, development strategies, such as improving leadership, communication, and teamwork, are needed to support the implementation of patient safety targets in this hospital. Objective: To analyze the influence of Leadership, Communication, and Teamwork on the Implementation of Patient Safety in Nurses at Beriman Balikpapan Hospital. Method: Quantitative research using survey method by distributing questionnaires to 133 nurses working at RSUD Beriman Balikpapan to be analyzed using logistic regression technique. Results: Leadership has a significant influence on the Implementation of SKP (p=0.036), Communication has a positive and significant influence on the Implementation of SKP (p=0.014), and Teamwork has a positive and significant influence on the Implementation of SKP (p=0.00). The most dominant variable influencing the Implementation of Patient Safety Targets is the work team (70.89%).
Putu Dian Pranita , Noer Bahry Noor , Irwandy , Andi Indahwaty S , Fridawaty Rivai , Herlina A Hamzah
STRATEGY ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT WITH SERVICE DELIVERY VALUE CHAIN APPROACH AT BERIMAN HOSPITAL, BALIKPAPAN
Background Hospital performance, as one of the health service provider organizations, plays an important role in improving service quality and competitiveness in the health sector. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of RSUD Beriman Balikpapan with the Service Delivery Value Chain approach, which includes Pre-Service, Point of Service, and After Service. Method. This study uses a descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and secondary data analysis from the RSUD Beriman annual report. Analysis was conducted on the main and supporting activities in the value chain to identify areas of improvement. Results. The findings showed that the Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) of RSUD Beriman averaged only 51.9%, below the national standard (60-85%). In addition, the public satisfaction index for inpatient installations was at 82.74%, lower than the standard ≥90%. Factors that affect performance include the efficiency of the service process, the quality of interaction with patients, and human resource management. Conclusion. Performance improvement strategies are recommended by optimizing elements in the Service Delivery Value Chain. Improvements at the Pre-Service stage include patient information management and service promotion; at Point of Service, focus on improving the quality of medical services; and at After Service, strengthening the patient follow-up system. The implementation of this strategy is expected to improve efficiency, patient satisfaction, and competitiveness of Beriman Hospital. .
Fitri Hidayati , Fridawaty Rivai , Syahrir A. Pasinringi , Noer Bahry Noor , Irwandy , Herlina A. Hamzah
FORMULATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REDUCING MEDICATION ERROR INCIDENTS WITH THE HUMAN FACTOR ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (HFACS) APPROACH AT HOSPITAL “X” IN 2024
Background. Medication errors often occur in health services so that a systematic analysis tool is needed to reduce them. Objective. Formulate recommendations for reducing the incidence of medication errors using the HFACS approach at Hospital "X". Method. This study is a qualitative study with purposive sampling of health workers involved in medication error incidents. The analysis used the HFACS questionnaire that has been adapted into Indonesian. Results. Factors causing medication errors at the prescribing, transcribing, administration, and dispensing stages include unsafe actions, unsafe action requirements, unsafe supervision, and organizational influences. Recommendations include strengthening input (competent human resources, adequate facilities), processes (evaluation of procedures and workflows), and output (routine incident communication). Conclusion. Implementation of HFACS-based recommendations can improve the quality and safety of patients at Hospital "X" .
Luluk Kumala Kafbiyah , Noer Bahry Noor , Irwandy , Syahrir A Pasinringi , Indahwaty Sidin , Khalid Saleh , Herlina A. Hamzah
Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesia: Enhancing Precision, Efficiency, and Patient Outcomes
Anesthesia has undergone significant advancements, from its early use in the 1800s to today’s sophisticated practices that ensure patient safety and comfort during medical procedures. As healthcare evolves, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative force in anesthesia, enhancing patient care, optimizing procedures, and improving outcomes. This review explores the integration of AI in anesthesia, covering its historical context, key principles like machine learning and deep learning, and the applications of AI across preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. The review highlights AI’s role in predictive modeling, personalized anesthesia planning, real-time monitoring, and rehabilitation. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges of data security, algorithm bias, and ethical concerns in AI implementation, as well as its impact on the future of anesthesia practice and education. By examining current advancements and potential future trends, this article provides insights into how AI can reshape anesthesia and healthcare delivery, emphasizing the need for collaboration and education to fully harness its benefits.
Pavani Karani, Hytham Hamid Mohammed Hummad, Indiravati Vaddadi, Gurmehak Kaur
Antidiarrheal Activity-Guided Fractionation of Plumbago Zeylanica
Diarrheal diseases pose a significant global health challenge, particularly in developing countries, emphasizing the urgent need for effective interventions. This study investigated the antidiarrheal properties of Plumbago zeylanica using bioactivity-guided fractionation. A dark brown ethanolic extract (11.45% w/w yield) was obtained from P. zeylanica roots via Soxhlet extraction. Chromatographic separation yielded 23 fractions, which were combined based on TLC analysis into four main fractions (F1-F4) with yields of 28.13%, 42.55%, 2.81%, and 22.37%, respectively. Fraction F3 exhibited an Rf value of 0.86. In a castor oil-induced diarrhea model in Wistar rats, the crude extract showed dose-dependent efficacy, with both 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses significantly reducing diarrhea frequency and severity. Among the fractions, F3 (2 mg/kg) displayed the most potent antidiarrheal activity, evidenced by the lowest fecal counts (1.26 ± 0.20), wet feces (0.45 ± 0.00), and fecal weight (20.6 ± 20.60 mg). A charcoal-induced diarrhea model further confirmed the antidiarrheal effects of the crude extract at both 200 mg/kg (43.68 ± 1.27 cm) and 400 mg/kg (34.89 ± 1.82 cm) doses, significantly reducing charcoal movement (P<0.01). Remarkably, F3 (2 mg/kg) demonstrated the most substantial reduction in charcoal movement (29.34 ± 1.68 cm) at a considerably lower dose. These results highlight the potential of P. zeylanica and its fractions, especially F3, as promising sources for developing natural antidiarrheal agents.
Chetana Tripathi* Sachin Kumar Jain, Sudha Vengurlekar
Mediation Analysis of Work Engagement: Relationship between Leader Member Exchange, Person Organisation Fit and Organisational Commitment.
The study examines the mediating effect of work engagement on the relationship between Leader Member Exchange, Person-organisation fit and Organisational Commitment. The participants of this study were 296 employees working in the service sector(IT, ITeS, KPO) in India. The researcher used structural equation modelling to test the relationships. The findings of the study highlight that LMX and PO fit have statistically significant relationship with Organisational Commitment. Work engagement has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between LMX and Organisational Commitment and partially mediates it between PO fit and Organisational commitment. Also, the study offers insights to practitioners to develop programs and activities which encourage high quality relationships amongst the leaders and subordinates. Secondly, it focuses on developing effective selection tools, so that individuals who have high value congruence could be selected for the organisation. Employees who exhibit high-value congruence with their respective organisations engage in behaviour which promotes the overall productivity of the firm and focuses on its sustainability in the changing business environment.
COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL AND MODIFIED GLEASON GRADING SYSTEMS
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of patients who show change in conventional Gleason score of prostate adenocarcinoma by the application of modified Gleason grading system STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional survey. Place and duration of study: Department of pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore. Six months after approval of synopsis time duration material and methods:100 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma were given a Gleason score by applying conventional Gleason grading system and Modified (ISUP 2005) Gleason grading. Information was collected on a Performa. Patient’s name, age, histology numbers, the change in Gleason score, presence of tertiary tumor grade pattern and any other morphological variation were recorded. Results: 41 cases showed change in gleason score after the application of modified gleason grading system. the gleason score was upgraded in these cases. none of the case showed downgraded .gleason score . conclusion: The application of modified gleason grading system changes gleason score in significant number of cases with upward migration.
Farhana Ali, Madiha Arshad, Sana Afroze, Khadija Saleem,
Efficacy of Topical Antibiotics in Preventing Port site Infection after Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Background: Port site infection (PSI) is a known complication following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which may prolong recovery and hospital stay. The use of topical antibiotics is considered a preventive measure; however, its efficacy remains a subject of debate. Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of topical antibiotics in preventing port site infections after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Delta Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh & Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 120 patients aged 18–75 years who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were purposively selected. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (n=60) received topical antibiotics at the port site, while Group B (n=60) did not. Postoperative outcomes were assessed, focusing on the incidence of port site infections. Data analysis was performed using MS Office tools. Results: Port site infection (PSI) occurred in 1.7% of cases in Group A (topical antibiotics) and 5.0% in Group B (no topical antibiotics). The mean hospital stay was 1.2 ± 0.4 days in Group A and 1.5 ± 0.6 days in Group B. The mean postoperative pain score was 2.5 ± 1.1 in Group A and 2.7 ± 1.3 in Group B. Conclusion: The application of topical antibiotics at the port site effectively reduces the incidence of PSI following elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This simple and cost-effective intervention may enhance postoperative outcomes and reduce infection-related complications.
Dr. Azmary Momtaz, Dr. Mahamud Mannan, Dr. Mohammad Faroque Eastiak, Dr. Mohammad Saifullah, Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam Khan, Dr. Nazmin Ahmed
Assessment of Thyroid Dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease: Implication for Diagnosis and Management
Background: Thyroid hormones are integral to cardiovascular health, influencing both the development of the heart and its ongoing function. Thyroid dysfunction, particularly in the context of coronary artery disease (CAD), can exacerbate the underlying cardiovascular conditions and complicate management. Objective: To explore age and gender-specific approaches for integrating thyroid dysfunction on diagnosis, progression and management into cardiovascular care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients with thyroid dysfunction at Pacific Hospital, Udaipur. Thyroid function tests, lipid profiles, and clinical data were collected and analyzed using enzymatic methods. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 21, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Hyperthyroidism was identified in 6% (n = 9) of participants, with 66.66% exhibiting overt hyperthyroidism, predominantly among females aged 48-61 years. Hypothyroidism was prevalent in 36% (n = 54) of participants, with 68.51% exhibiting subclinical hypothyroidism. The peak prevalence was observed in the 34-47 years age group. Cardiac symptoms such as palpitations and dyspnea were significantly more common in hyperthyroid patients, underscoring its clinical relevance in CAD. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of evaluating thyroid dysfunction in patients with CAD, particularly in females and middle-aged adults. Regular screening and targeted management of thyroid dysfunction may improve cardiovascular outcomes and reduce complications.
Snehita Prasad, Dr. Nita Sahi, Mangal Panjabrao Naik, Kriti Mangal, Dr. Nishigandha Mahajan, Disha Sahi
Clinical Evaluation of the Association Between Prolonged Febrile Seizures and Mesial Temporal Sclerosis in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Prospective Observational Study Using Imaging Modalities
Introduction: Febrile seizures (FS), the most common form of childhood seizures, are categorized into two types: simple and atypical FS. Prolonged febrile seizures (lasting more than 30 minutes), specifically febrile status epilepticus, have been associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) due to neuronal loss, gliosis, and hippocampal atrophy occurring in early life. Aim of the study: This study aimed to clinically evaluate the association between prolonged febrile seizures and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) using MRI of the brain. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the epilepsy clinic, Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), from February 2021 to May 2022. Results: The study included 84 patients diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Among them, 58 patients had MRI-confirmed mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) on epilepsy protocol imaging. Of these 58 mTLE patients, 35 (60%) had right-sided MTS, while 23 (40%) had left-sided MTS. The age range of the patients was 18-60 years, with 37 males and 21 females. A positive history of prolonged febrile seizures was found in 38 (45%) patients. Conclusion: A history of prolonged febrile seizures appears to be a significant causative factor for the later development of hippocampal damage and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). This study demonstrates that MRI findings show a notable association between prolonged febrile seizures in childhood and mesial temporal sclerosis in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Kazi Jannat Ara, Md. Bahadur Ali Miah, Kanuj Kumar Barman,
Gallstones in Cholelithiasis Cases in Western UP- A Morphological Study
Introduction: Cholelithiasis means the “presence of stone in the gall bladder” is a common clinical entity affecting the adult population of both the gender. It is known to produce diverse morphological changes in the gallbladder. This research is based on a study of the gallstones' morphological features. Methods & Material: The study was conducted on 140 cholecystectomy specimens with gallstones after approved by Ethical Committee. The stones were measured for morphological parameters i.e. number, type, size etc. Cases from age-group of 18-60 years were enrolled for the study. The size of the gall-stones was measured by Digital verniercaliper. Result: Out of 140 specimens with gall stones, multiple number and cholesterol type of stones were the most common one. Further in gender-wise distribution, both the gender contain multiple no of stones in higher percentage whereas the cholesterol type of stone is higher in female whereas in male both cholesterol and pigmented type of stone were in same percentage. Conclusion: It was concluded that this study established the link among gallstones types and Number with the gender of Cholelithiasis cases. Further research is needed to understand the various factors in cases of Cholelithiasis.
Benazeer Zohra, Pratishtha Potdar, Nirupma Gupta
ULTRASOUND EVALUATION OF PALPABLE BREAST LESIONS IN PATIENTS YOUNGER THAN 35 YEARS
Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate those women who have palpable breast lesions and are younger than 35 years of age. Methodology: The study was conducted at the department of diagnostic radiology, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from February to July 2020, involving female patients under 35 with palpable breast lumps. A thorough history was taken, and a clinical diagnosis was established. Participants with autoimmune diseases and hormonal replacement therapy were excluded. Informed consent was obtained, and an ultrasound was performed with the Toshiba Xario 200 ultrasound machine and all the cases were divided according to the BI-RADS 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 24. Results: The study involved 122 women with palpable breast lesions, with the majority aged 30-34 years. The mean age was 27.51 years. The study found that the majority of cases (59%) were classified as BI-RADS 1, indicating negative findings. Benign cases were categorized as BI-RADS 2 (23.8%) and BI-RADS 3 (5.7%). Only 2 cases (0.8%) were malignant, with 1 case each in BI-RADS 4 and BI-RADS 5. Biopsy methods used included core needle biopsy (50.8%), surgical excision (29.5%), and needle aspiration biopsy (3.3%). Conclusion: Ultrasound plays a significant role in the early identification of carcinoma of the breast and other breast diseases in young women under 35 with palpable breast masses, particularly in developing nations with inadequate mass screening programs. The incidence of breast cancer in women under 30 was extremely low, at 0.8%, in our study. Ultrasound proved to be a highly sensitive tool for evaluating palpable breast lesions in young women.
Molecular Detection Using A Particular Primer For The Isolation Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa From A Persistent Bacterial Co-Infection In A COVID-19 Patient.
Bacterial co-infections increase the severity of respiratory viral infections and are frequent causes of mortality in COVID-19 infected subjects. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among Coronavirus disease-19 patients. According to some, one of the most nosocomial bacteria is Pseudomonas Aeruginosal. Between October 2021 and June 2022, 100 sputum samples were collected for this study from several Wasit hospitals. twenty seven (27%) isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by routine biochemical tests, vitek 2 system ; In attempting to the identification of P. aeruginosa strains at the DNA level, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used based on specific primer (27F/1492R) for (16S rRNA) gene. The results showed that PCR has found to be rapid and more sensitive and specific in identification of P. aeruginosa. During the COVID-19 period, especially at the beginning of the pandemic, an inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatments has been frequently described, mainly due to prolonged hospitalization, and the use of immune-suppressive treatments as steroids. P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem followed by meropenem , ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin .
Omayma Abdulkareem Jawad Algharrawy, zahraa ali hussain, Abrar mohammed qneed , Duha Hameed Salm Mane, Aya Ali Saleem Hameed, Ali Jalal Abood
A comprehensive review of deep learning methods for enhancing and reconstructing images in environmental contexts
Abstract. Deep learning techniques have revolutionized the field of computer vision and image processing, offering significant advancements in image enhancement and reconstruction tasks. This paper presents a systematic review of deep learning approaches applied to image enhancement and reconstruction in environmental applications. We analyze and summarize the state-of-the- art methods, datasets, and evaluation metrics employed in this domain. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and future directions for the development of deep learning techniques in environmental image processing.
“Bio-Analytical Method Development and Validation for The Estimation of Tamoxifen in Plasma by Using RP-HPLCMethod”
A robust and precise reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantification of Tamoxifen in plasma. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is widely used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, necessitating accurate bioanalytical techniques for therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. The method employed an Agilent C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% acetic acid in water (30:70, v/v), at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 236 nm using a UV detector, with a retention time of 5.657 minutes and theoretical plates of 4970, ensuring high resolution. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² = 0.999) within a concentration range of 2–10 µg/mL, with precise recovery (98–102%) and reproducibility (RSD < 2%). Validation parameters complied with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, confirming specificity, sensitivity, and robustness. Application to a marketed formulation yielded accurate results, with the method proving suitable for routine clinical and pharmaceutical applications. The validated RP-HPLC method also offers potential for therapeutic drug monitoring and drug-drug interaction studies, supporting optimized breast cancer treatment strategies.
Ms. Anita Arjun Najan, Dr. Anup Kumar Chakraborty
DETERMINATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF FOXTAIL MILLET (SETARIA ITALICA)
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that occurs when there is little or not enough insulin production from the pancreas. The onset and progression of long-term complications in diabetes mellitus appear to be related to the degree of hyperglycemia and the overall metabolic control. The core remedy for managing diabetes is to lower hyperglycaemia and reduce intestinal glucose absorption through the inhibition of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes viz. alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Thus, we aimed to determine antidiabetic potential of Foxtail millet by using in-vitro experimental methods viz. inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes like alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Results revealed that the aqueous (aq.) Foxtail millet extract at a concentration range of 25µg/mL, 50µg/mL, 75µg/mL and 100µg/mL showed alpha-amylase inhibition effect of 30.87%, 51.79%, 66.98%, and 77.01% respectively with an IC50 value of 48.55µg/mL in comparison with the standard antidiabetic drug acarbose with an IC50 value of 32.75µg/mL. Similarly, aq. Foxtail millet extract at a concentration range of 25µg/mL, 50µg/mL, 75µg/mL and 100µg/mL showed alpha-glucosidase inhibition effect of 25.39%, 40.25%, 56.54%, and 68.97% respectively with an IC50 value of 68.75µg/mL in comparison with the standard antidiabetic drug acarbose with an IC50 value of 36.45µg/mL. In conclusion, Foxtail millet has potential to subside diabetes mellitus through inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as alpha- amylase and alpha-glucosidase.
Erythema multiforme: A case report with oral manifestations
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, immune-mediated mucocutaneous disease, which may be related to herpes simplex virus, use of certain medications, autoimmune disease, radiation, immunization, pregnancy, period, and food additives or chemicals. It is a condition that occurs predominantly in young adults, with a slight female preponderance and no predilection. Clinically, EM presents erosive and erythematous plaques, affecting mainly the lips and oral mucosa, called target lesions, which may progress to vesiculobullous lesions. The aim of this presentation is to report a case shown as a positive response to treatment.
Antithyroid Screening of Polyherbal Formulation containing hydro-alcoholic extract of Drimiopsis kirkii Baker and Momordica charantia Linn.
The use of medicinal plants to treat endocrine diseases is a promising and holistic approach. Herbal treatments have long been used to treat illnesses such as diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, adrenal problems, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Several plant-derived bioactive chemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, have medicinal actions that promote hormonal homeostasis. However, despite their benefits, herbal medicines do have certain hazards. Potential adverse effects, contraindications, and combinations with conventional drugs underscore the significance of exercising caution and seeking professional advice. As researchers continue to investigate and evaluate the usefulness of medicinal plants, combining herbal therapies with modern medication may provide more effective and safer treatment alternatives. In the present study polyherbal formulation (tablet) was prepared from the hydro-alcoholic extract of bulb of Drimiopsis kirkii and fruits of Momordica charantia. These hyperthyroid treatments related histopathological changes of thyroid gland was dramatically inhibited by treatment of PHF-T 500 mg/kg or PTU 10mg/kg.
Cleft Hand Anomaly: A Review Of Functional & Aesthetic Aspects From Patients & Doctor Perspective
Introduction: Hand help us to perform our work and express ourselves. Cleft Hand is a congenital hand deformity caused by a defect in the central part of the apical ectodermal ridge during embryological development, that is characterized by the absence of 1 or more central digits of the hand or foot. Classically, this results in a "V-shaped" cleft in the hand with a variable degree of deformity. Cleft hand is more of an aesthetic deformity rather than functional. We document our experience in 10 such cases from ages of 3 to 10 years who underwent reconstruction under general anesthesia. Objective: The main goals of cleft hand surgery are to restore hand function and to improve the appearance of the hand. Study design: Descriptive Case series study Study duration & settings: Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns, Ayub Medical Complex, Abbottabad from September 2023 to October 2024. Materials and methods: The total of 10 patients of cleft hand was enrolled in study period. The mean age of patents were 5.5 years. There were 6 male and 4 female patients. There were 2 patients with bilateral cleft hand. 6 patients underwent snow-littler procedure, 2 underwent osteotomy and 2 underwent removal of transverse bone. Splintage was done for 6 to 8 weeks and physiotherapy started. Function was assessed at 6 months. Result: The operating time was 2 to 3 hours. No major post operative complications were noted. The parents’ satisfaction was excellent at 06 months. None of patient needed revision surgery for recurrence or first web space widening. Conclusion: Our study concludes that cleft hand needs to be analyzed for the adequacy of first web space. The reconstruction is aimed at functional first web space and cleft closure for providing better aesthetic and functional results
Firdous Khan, Zahid Iqbal Bhatti, Sarfaraz Ahmed
Targeting Beta-Lactamase Enzymes with Phage Display: Challenges, Advances, and Future Prospects
The emergence of beta-lactamases has rendered antibiotics resistance, a major public health threat worldwide, which is accompanied by an enhanced capacity for morbidity and mortality due to bacterial infections. This review has identified the mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance and stressed the need to develop new therapeutic strategies and drugs. Phage display technology has been identified as a potential technique for the discovery of novel beta-lactamase inhibitors, thereby enabling the rapid and systematic analysis of peptide and protein libraries. We have discussed the theory of phage display, the processes involved in identifying inhibitors through it, and the difficulties in moving the discoveries to clinical practice. The review of the literature has identified some critical weaknesses, including the complexity of the protein interactions, the rapid bacterial resistance mechanisms, and the challenges in the drug development pipeline. From the available information and the latest developments, this review aims to discuss how phage display technology can be used to fight antibiotic resistance and develop new therapeutic strategies for bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics.
Harris Panakkal, Santosh Taware, Rahul Bhagat
“A Comparative Study on the Anti-Tubercular Activity of Extracts from Aloe vera, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Martynia annua L”
Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with Asia and Africa collectively accounting for approximately 55% of the world's TB burden. India has the highest rate of TB infection, representing about one-fifth of all new cases annually. The mismanagement of approved TB treatments has led to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, complicating treatment efforts, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tubercular activity of methanol extracts from three plants Aloe vera, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Martynia annua L. against Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 607, Lot 114-26-4). The extracts were assessed using the zone of inhibition method, with concentrations set at 10 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL. The results demonstrated that Martynia annua L. exhibited the most significant anti-tubercular activity, showing a dose-dependent increase in the zone of inhibition, which reached up to 19.0 mm at the highest concentration. Meanwhile, Aloe vera displayed moderate activity, with zones of inhibition increasing from 8.5 mm at 10 mg/mL to 12.5 mm at 100 mg/mL. In contrast, Ocimum tenuiflorum showed the least efficacy, with a maximum inhibition zone of only 9.1 mm at 100 mg/mL. These findings suggest that the bioactive compounds present in these plant extracts may have therapeutic potential for developing new treatments against tuberculosis, highlighting the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research to advance plant-based therapeutic strategies.
The Frequency of Urinary Tract Infections in Hospitalized Febrile Children at Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Qaemshahr in 2022
Background: In many children, unexplained fever may be the sole indicator of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Given the importance of better understanding UTIs in children to prevent associated complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infections among febrile hospitalized children in 2022. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on medical records of children aged 6 months to 13 years hospitalized due to fever at Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Qaemshahr. After obtaining the necessary permissions, demographic and other relevant data were extracted from the patient's medical records using a designed checklist. Additionally, urinalysis (U/A) was performed for all patients. Results: A total of 208 febrile hospitalized children were examined, including 124 girls and 84 boys. Among these, 26 children (12.5%) were diagnosed with a UTI, of whom 24 were girls (92% of UTI cases) and 2 were boys. The mean age of children with UTIs was 7.5 years, with an average fever duration of approximately one day and a mean body temperature of 38°C. All patients tested positive for pyuria, and the majority exhibited bacteriuria. Associated symptoms included dysuria (22%), abdominal pain (33%), and vomiting (45%). Conclusion: The findings indicate that accurate recognition of symptoms and their prevalence can assist healthcare professionals in promptly and accurately diagnosing UTIs in children. Identifying related factors can play a critical role in prevention and facilitate targeted care and periodic monitoring for children at risk of UTIs..
Reza Yousefi, Melody Omraninava, Azin Soleymani Savadkouhi, Masoud Asadi, Amirreza Hayati, Ali Heidari
Evaluation of Initial Clinical Symptoms and Imaging Changes in Patients with COVID-19-Induced Pneumonia
Introduction: The most common symptoms associated with the COVID-19 virus include fever, cough, lymphocytopenia, and specific changes in chest radiography. Given the novelty of this virus and the limited similar studies, this research was conducted to examine the correlation between clinical and laboratory findings in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and their association with radiologic findings. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on patients admitted to Vali-Asr Hospital in Qaemshahr in 2021 with a diagnosis of pneumonia due to COVID-19. Demographic information, history of underlying disorders, type of pneumonia, immunodeficiency status, laboratory findings, history of pulmonary diseases, timing of radiography/CT scan, duration of hospitalization, and location of hospitalization (general ward or ICU) were extracted from medical records and collected according to the attached checklist. Results: The average age of the participants was 23.8 years, with 8% being female and 32.2% male. Various health conditions were observed among the patients, including diabetes (30.2%), hypertension (41%), dyslipidemia (29.3%), and chronic kidney disease (18.5%). Key findings indicate that 9.3% had low oxygen levels, with an average oxygen saturation of 95.19%. Most patients (93.7%) recovered, while 6.3% died. Common clinical symptoms included fever (73.7%), decreased consciousness (85.4%), and anxiety (82.4%). Consciousness scores were lower in patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and depressive symptoms. Finally, the length of hospitalization varied by ward, with patients in general wards having longer stays than those transferred to the ICU or operating room. Discussion: The findings indicate that factors such as age, gender, comorbidities, and diagnostic methods can significantly impact clinical outcomes and prognosis.
Melody Omraninava, Fatemeh Roozbeh, Aram Saberi, Niloufar Ghasemimaher, Anahita Salehi
CORRELATION OF SLEEP HYGIENE AWARENESS, PRACTICES, AND SLEEP QUALITY AMONG NURSING STUDENTS
Nursing college students are having exceptional sleep schedules relies upon their concept and practical hours and alongside commonplace practices (e.g., dependency of internet, ingesting conduct, studying instances and exercise), are interfering with their sleep hygiene. Investigator has demonstrated the nursing college students that enhancing sleep hygiene awareness and practices is an powerful remedy for sleep troubles. but investigators who've examined correlation among sleep hygiene and practices in nonclinical samples and ordinary sleep fine have produced inconsistent findings, perhaps due to questionable measures. on this study, the authors used psychometrically sound gadgets to look at those variables and to counter the fast comings in previous investigations. Their findings advised that cognizance of sleep hygiene is related to sleep practices, which, in turn, is associated with average sleep high-quality. The information from their regression modeling indicated that variable sleep schedules, going to bed thirsty, environmental noise and demanding at the same time as falling asleep make contributions to bad sleep quality.
M.Mohanambal Dr.Arunagirinathan, Dr.Fabiola M.Dhanaraj, P.Kalavathy
A STUDY ON BUYER OPINION OF BAKERY PRODUCTS IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
Bakery industry and products in India have an important place in the industrial map of the country today. Bakery products are an item of mass consumption in view of its low price and high nutrient value. With rapid growth and changing eating habits of people, bakery products have gained popularity among masses. The bakery industry has achieved third position in generating revenue among the processed food sector. The first and second segments are the wheat flour processing and fruits and vegetables processing. Buyer behaviour refers to the decision and acts people undertake to buy products for individual or group use. Buyer behaviour is the driving force behind any marketing process. Understanding why and how people decide to purchase a product is the number one task for manufacturers who strive for improving their business model and acquiring more customers. This study explained the buyer opinion of bakery products. The customers of Kanyakumari District were taken for the study. This research is descriptive in nature. Primary data and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire and the secondary data from journals, websites, and newspapers. The data was collected from 80 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using percentage analysis and chi-squre test in order to draw the inference of the study.
REVOLUTIONIZING LIBRARIES: THE IMPACT OF INTERNET OF THINGS
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is increasingly being utilized in libraries to enhance services and improve efficiency. Some applications include using IoT sensors to monitor environmental conditions like temperature and humidity to preserve delicate materials, implementing RFID technology for tracking and managing library resources, and utilizing smart lighting and energy management systems to save costs. IoT can be used to gather data on patron behavior and preferences to personalize services and improve overall user experience. Overall, the integration of IoT in libraries is helping to modernize and streamline operations. IoT devices could be used to create interactive learning experiences for patrons, such as augmented reality tours or virtual book clubs. By leveraging IoT technology, libraries can stay relevant in the digital age and continue to provide valuable services to their communities.
Dr. V.J. Hema Reji, Dr. D. Christal Dora
Nano Siddha medicine: A New Era in Dermatophytosis Treatment- a Review
Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a widespread fungal infection that affects the skin, hair, and nails and is caused by dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton). Traditional treatments rely on topical and systemic antifungal medications, which, despite their efficacy, often have limitations, including side effects and incomplete resolution in some cases. The emergence of Siddha medicine, an ancient traditional healing system from South India, provides an alternative therapeutic approach, especially with the advent of nanoformulations. Nano Siddha medicine utilizes nanotechnology to enhance the delivery, bioavailability, and efficacy of herbal compounds with antifungal properties, such as turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica). These formulations provide targeted delivery to infected regions, enhanced penetration into the cutaneous layers, and reduced dosage, thereby minimizing adverse effects. Preliminary studies have demonstrated promising antifungal activity, although clinical validation is limited. This review explores the etiology, clinical presentation, and conventional treatments for dermatophytosis, while highlighting the role of nano-Siddha medicine as a novel therapeutic modality. This emphasizes the advantages of nanoformulations, including enhanced bioavailability, sustainability, and reduced side effects, while addressing the current limitations and the need for further research. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern science through nano-Siddha medicine has the potential to revolutionize dermatophytosis management and improve patient outcomes.
Saravanasingh Karan Chand Mohan Singh, A. Jayakalaiarasi , V. Gowri, Anbarasan Balasubramanian, V. Indumathy, D.A. Kumarakurubaran, C. Vimala, S.P. Kopperundevi, V. sathiya, A. Elavarasi
The Role Of Diet And Lifestyle In Managing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd): A Cross Sectional Study
Background: The chronic medical condition gastro esophageal reflux disease generates heartburn symptoms and stomach acid reflux which degrades patient quality of life and heightens healthcare risks. Food selection together with life habits strongly affect how symptoms evolve. Differentiating what causes food reactions and behavioral impulsive assists in reaching better treatment goals and minimizes pharmaceutical usage for condition management. Objectives: to measure how dietary modifications along with life-style changes affect the symptoms. The evaluation includes dietary elements that trigger symptoms and physical activity patterns and smoking habits while considering obesity as a symptom factor. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place And Duration Of Study. Department of Gastroenterologist. Fauji foundation hospital, Peshawar.from June 2022 to june 2023 Methods: 150 patients suffering from gerd through a cross-sectional study. The questionnaire structure included sections about dietary habits, lifestyle factors together with symptom severity assessments. We used statistical analysis to determine associations through standard deviation, mean calculations and p-value evaluation. A statistical analysis of the data occurred on spss software where p < 0.05 designated the significance threshold. Results: 150 patients whose mean age stood at 45.3 ± 12.6 years. A high-fat diet combined with excessive caffeine consumption with smoking habits increased gerd symptoms based on statistical analysis (p = 0.002, p = 0.01, and p = 0.005). The study results revealed a direct link between sedentary lifestyle and obesity with symptom severity levels (p = 0.008 and p = 0.003). People who ate less fat while exercising often achieved relief from their symptoms (p = 0.001). The combination of alcohol use with eating dinner past midnight caused significant worsening of GERD symptoms (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Diet and lifestyle changes have strong effects on minimizing symptoms of gerd. Feeding your body less fat along with decreasing your consumption of caffeine alcohol and late dinner intake combined with more exercise will assist in symptom relief. Patients benefit most from medical treatment combined with lifestyle counseling which physicians need to provide in order to achieve better outcomes. Additions to research studies should explore the extended effects of these therapeutic measures
DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL CREAM USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF FUNGAL INFECTION
The present study was undertaken with an objectives to develop and characterize the herbal cream containing ethanolic flower extract of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC., Leucas cephalotes Roxb. and Peristrophe bicalyculata (L) Merr. The poly herbal cream was prepared using ethanolic flower extract in varied concentrations and was evaluated using physiological measurements. The polyherbal cream was prepared by using bees wax, paraffin wax, olive oil, soya powder, tocopherol, glycerine, rose water, peppermint oil and sandalwood oil and required amount of distilled water. Then skin pH (6.8-7) was maintained by drop wise addition of tri-ethanolamine. The physiochemical parameters of formulations (pH, viscosity, spreadability etc.) were determined. The results showed that formulation PHC-III have maximum drug content and drug release. Further PHC-III was screened for anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus flavus. The zone of inhibition was recorded and anti-fungal activities were determined and results were compared with standard marketed herbal cream.
THE ROLE OF WATER SANITATION IN PREVENTING DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
Background: Diarrheal diseases remain as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, with the greatest burden on children under five years of age. Diarrheal pathogens spread due to poor sanitation, unsafe water and insufficient hygiene. In many communities, the lack of access to clean water continues to create health inequities, adding significant strain to medical systems that are already overburdened. By improving sanitation, diarrheal diseases can be interrupted and public health will be improved. Objectives : It assesses how clean water availability, better sanitation facilities, and hygiene education impact the reduction of waterborne diseases and contribute to overall health outcomes in communities. Study Desgin: A Cross sectional study. Durtion and Place of study.Department of Community Medicine Saidu Medical College from jan 2024 to june 2024 Methdology: A cross sectional study was carried out among 200 community members from developing areas. Designed a study, including water quality tests and surveys on hygiene practices, access to clean water, and use of diarrheal diseases. Using statistical analysis, mean, standard deviation, and p-values, significance of improved water sanitation was determined. The effective implementation of sanitation methods was assessed by comparing intervention and control groups. Results: We included 200 participants (mean age 32.4 years [±10.6]). were that the incidence of diarrheal disease was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in regions using enhanced water sanitation. Communities with access to improved water quality as well as sanitation had 60% less diarrhea compared to communities without those measures. Programs including hygiene education promoted changes in behavior — better handwashing — and promoted reduced transmission of disease. The statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of diarrheal disease was significantly associated with improved sanitation measures. Conclusion: Water sanitation is vital in limiting the burden of diarrheal diseases in developing regions of the world. Findings call attention to the main role that practicing hygiene and public health development play in egalitarian and equal access of clean water and proper waste management in relation to disease outbreaks. Investing in sanitation infrastructure will also improve public health outcomes, and is thus an important focus for policymakers. Through targeted, coordinated government policies, innovative technology solutions, and community-led approaches to sanitation, we can meaningfully decrease the impact of diarrheal diseases worldwide.
Arshad Ali, Seema Mohmand, yasir khurshid, Ubaidullah, Mohammad Munib, Naeemullah
HABBUL QIL-QIL -Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn, A benificial plant with a contraversy in its identity: A Unani Medicine Review
This review article is an attempt to explore the identity, origin and history of use of Habbul qil-qil (Cardiospermum halicacabum) in Unani system of medicine and to establish the fact that the drug is in fact a part of the rich documentation of the Unani system of medicine. It also recapitulates the action and uses of Habbul qil qil mentioned in Unani classical literature along with the morphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects to provide a direction for further research. The review reveals that the plant, as part of folk medicine, has been used by Unani Physicians as Aphrodisiac ( muqavvi-e- bah) medicine in compound preparation , As well as Adipogenous (musammin-e- badan) Further, this review article suggests that Cardiospermum halicacabum has many phytochemical constituents for example; carbohydrate, protein, lipids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids,alkaloids, glycosides, and steroids . Addition to activities like antiinflammatory , antidiabetic ,anxyolitic ,anticonvulsant, anti cancer ,antioxidant, etc.
REDUCING MARINE POLLUTION THROUGH GREEN SHIP TECHNOLOGIES AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY STRATEGIES
Marine pollution, a widespread and intensifying global concern, significantly endangers the health and biodiversity of marine ecosystems. The marine industry, an essential element of global commerce, substantially contributes to pollution through multiple sources, including exhaust emissions, ballast water discharge, and garbage disposal. This study examines the possibilities of combining green shipping technologies with circular economy techniques to reduce marine pollution and advance a more sustainable maritime industry. The paper examines all foreign agreements, rules, and policies relevant to environmentally friendly transportation. Scholarly papers and business reports are also under review to assess the success of these concepts and pinpoint possible problems for the marine sector. It also provides ideas on how to make maritime activities more environmentally friendly. This article investigated the probable advantages of green ship technologies and cycle economies for ocean cleanup. By reducing waste and pollution, green technologies mitigate the harm human activity brings to the environment; two examples are ecologically friendly materials and energy-efficient motors. Promoting material reuse and recycling enables concepts from the circular economy to be used in operations and shipbuilding. These techniques taken collectively could enable the maritime industry to maintain marine habitats, reduce its environmental impact, and eventually become more sustainable. The findings reveal that the adoption of green ship technologies can substantially decrease harmful emissions and discharges, thereby minimizing the industry's environmental footprint. Similarly, the implementation of circular economy strategies fosters a more resource-efficient and sustainable maritime sector by promoting waste minimization and resource reuse. This study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers, to accelerate the transition towards a greener and more circular maritime economy. The benefits and drawbacks of implementing these concepts in worldwide transportation are investigated in this work.
Sk. Kamal Ahmed, Ehamadul Haque Ani , Monisha Das
Design, Development, and Assessment of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System for the Management of Hypertension
For the effective management of hypertension, we have developed a gastro-retentive drug delivery system that includes simvastatin and candesartan. Candesartan, a synthetic angiotensin II receptor antagonist made from benzimidazole, is a prodrug with antihypertensive properties. The medication simvastatin belongs to the pharmacological family of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. This lowers blood levels of harmful cholesterol, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides. To achieve the optimal therapeutic medicine level over a long period of time, a controlled release mechanism was developed in the form of floating microspheres. Using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique with different quantities of ethyl cellulose, HPMC, and chitosan, floating microspheres carrying simvastatin and candesartan were produced. For each formulation, three batches were made in order to evaluate repeatability with regard to percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, particle size, percentage buoyancy, and percentage drug release. The average particle size for simvastatin and candesartan was found to be between 49.94 and 93.1 µm and 65.66 and 105.28 m, respectively. For candesartan and simvastatin, the percentage drug loading efficiency of microspheres ranged from 58.36 to 93.08% and 54.85 to 83.64 percent, respectively. The percentage yield of microspheres for simvastatin and candesartan for all formulations varied from 56.32% to 78.65% and 43.68% to 98.32%, respectively. The optimised buoyancy of the candesartan and simvastatin microspheres was 80.63 and 89.98 percent, respectively. Simvastatin microspheres demonstrated a 64.35 percent release after 12 hours, but the optimised formulation of candesartan and Simvastatin demonstrated a sustained release of the medicine, releasing 62.34% of the drug until the 12-hour mark.
Serum Ferritin as An Indicator of Body Iron Stores in Anemic Patients-A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Serum ferritin is widely used as a biomarker for iron status assessment, yet its interpretation remains challenging in various clinical contexts. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum ferritin across different anemic conditions and establish optimal thresholds for detecting iron deficiency. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 anemic patients (142 females, 108 males; mean age 45.7±16.3 years) classified as having iron deficiency anemia (IDA, n=118), anemia of chronic disease (ACD, n=89), or mixed anemia (n=43). Comprehensive hematological parameters, iron studies, and inflammatory markers were assessed. Bone marrow examination was performed in 75 patients as the reference standard for iron stores. Results: Median serum ferritin levels differed significantly between groups: 15.4 μg/L in IDA, 278.6 μg/L in ACD, and 65.3 μg/L in mixed anemia (p<0.001). The optimal ferritin cutoff for identifying iron deficiency was 45.2 μg/L in the overall population (sensitivity 86.3%, specificity 92.7%, AUC 0.934). However, this threshold varied substantially by clinical context: 30.5 μg/L in non-inflammatory states (AUC 0.976) versus 78.3 μg/L in inflammatory conditions (AUC 0.869), with even higher thresholds indicated for patients with chronic kidney disease (92.7 μg/L) and elderly patients (68.4 μg/L). Multiple regression analysis identified age, male sex, BMI, inflammatory markers, and comorbidities as independent predictors of serum ferritin levels. Using inflammation-adjusted thresholds significantly improved concordance with bone marrow findings (85.3% vs. 60.0%, κ=0.69 vs. κ=0.17, p<0.001). Conclusion: While serum ferritin provides valuable information about iron status, its interpretation requires consideration of inflammatory status, demographic factors, and comorbidities. Implementation of context-specific diagnostic thresholds substantially improves its clinical utility. A multiparameter approach incorporating complementary biomarkers offers the most comprehensive assessment of iron metabolism, particularly in complex clinical scenarios.
Md. Saiful Islam, Nasrin Jahan, . Umme Kulsum, Tawfiqur Rahman, Md. Alauddin,
MAST CELL STABILIZATION AND BRONCHOSPASM INHIBITION BY ARITHRATHI CHOORANAM, A TRADITIONAL SIDDHA MEDICINE: EVIDENCE FROM PRECLINICAL STUDIES
Background: Allergic disorders, including asthma, pose a significant health burden worldwide, with increasing prevalence due to environmental and genetic factors. Conventional treatments often have limitations in efficacy and safety, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapies. The Siddha system of medicine offers promising herbal formulations, such as Arithrathi Chooranam, traditionally used for respiratory ailments. This study evaluates its antihistaminic and antianaphylactic potential. Methods: The study assessed mast cell stabilizing and bronchospasm inhibitory effects of Arithrathi Chooranam in animal models. Wistar rats were sensitized using horse serum and Bordetella pertussis antigen, followed by treatment with the formulation (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally). The percentage of degranulated mast cells was measured. In guinea pigs, histamine-induced bronchospasm was evaluated by determining the preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD) latency after exposure to histamine aerosol. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA. Results: Arithrathi Chooranam demonstrated significant mast cell stabilization, reducing degranulated mast cells (P < 0.001). In histamine-induced bronchospasm, treatment prolonged PCD latency (P < 0.001), indicating an antihistaminic effect. These findings suggest its potential role in modulating allergic responses and preventing airway hyperresponsiveness. Conclusion: Arithrathi Chooranam exhibits significant antianaphylactic and antihistaminic properties, supporting its traditional use for allergic and respiratory disorders. Further research is warranted to elucidate its molecular mechanisms and clinical applicability.
A. Jayakalaiarasi, Saravanasingh Karan Chand Mohan Singh, V. sathiya, V. Gowri, A. Sureka, A.F. Glara, M. Subhathra, S.P. Kopperundevi, S Haritha, M. N. Parandhaman
Percutaneous pinning versus open reduction k wire fixation in Gartland type iii supracondylar fracture of humerus in children
Background: In children, Supracondylar humeral fractures are regarded to be the second most common fracture. Supracondylar fractures can occasionally be one of the most difficult fractures to treat. Various treatment methods are available for this fracture, depending on its kind and associated conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of open reduction K wire fixation and percutaneous pinning for children with Gartland type iii supracondylar humerus fractures. Material and method: The current prospective study was conducted at the department of the Orthopedic Surgery Unit 2, of the Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta from January 1, 2022 to 31, December, 2023 after taking permission from the ethical board of the institute. A total of 88 children of both gender and different age groups (2 to 13 years old) were enrolled. The participants of the study were classified in to two groups. 44 underwent percutaneous pinning using an image intensifier and 44 had open reduction. At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, both groups were evaluated clinically for function improvement and radiographically for fracture union. The efficacy of both techniques was evaluated using the Flynn grading system. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. The two methods' results were compared using the Chi-square test. P ˂ 0.05 was regarded significant. Results: A total of 88 individuals with Gartland type iii humerus fractures were included in this study, 44 in each group. Out of which 22(22.7%) were females and 68 (77.27%) were males. 34(77.2%) of the children in the percutaneous pinning group had excellent functional results, 8(18.1%) had good functional outcomes, and 2(4.5%) had fair functional outcomes. 28 (63.3%) of the children in the open reduction group had outstanding functional results, 11 (25%) had good out comes 3 (6.8%) had fair and 2 (4.5%) had poor outcomes (p > 0.05). Hospital stay, surgical complications, intentional effects, and mean time for radiological union did not differ between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that treating children with Gartland type iii supracondylar fractures of the humerus, percutaneous pinning is a safer and more effective technique than open reduction with K wire fixation
Aman Ullah Khan Kakar, Shams Ullah, Attiq Ur Rehman, Niamat ullah, Bashir Muhammad, Tauseef Ghaffar
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Real-Time Health Monitoring and Sleep Optimization
The study addresses the important problem of accurately predicting health status from physiological data, which is critical to healthcare monitoring. Patient data is inherently uncertain and variable, so medical diagnoses become complicated. Traditional diagnostic systems based on rigid thresholds may not have the capability to capture the complexity of dynamic physiological states. An alternative that promises to work well is fuzzy logic, which handles uncertainty and imprecision well. This work explores the use of fuzzy logic, combined with an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), to classify health status based on key physiological parameters: heart rate, SpO2, and body temperature. The dataset in this study comprises physiological data of 5 individuals collected over the course of 30 iterations. These inputs are used by the fuzzy model, converted into fuzzy membership functions, and processed by a set of fuzzy rules to provide a health status of Poor, Average, or Good. The achieved classification accuracy is 100%, which is confirmed by the high value of precision, recall, and f1 score and corresponding confusion matrix. The promising outcomes are limited by the small sample size and with a static dataset, which may not represent the wide range of actual health conditions occurring in real life. Moreover, the model is sensitive to input feature quality and selection. We believe that future research should expand the dataset to other conditions and explore hybrid models to improve robustness and generalizability. Although the findings are important because they demonstrate how fuzzy logic has a significant role to play in healthcare, they also signal a route to intelligent health monitoring systems that could be used to aid clinical decision-making.
Sunitha Cheriyan, S Gouri Kiran Kumar, Thirupathi Regula, Sudha Sakthivel, Said Al Riyami
To Study the Impact of Meditation on Self-Control and Internet Addiction
Aim: To study the impact of meditation on self-control and internet addiction. Material and Methods: This study employed a pretest-posttest control group design to examine the effects of meditation on self-control and internet addiction among students. The study sample comprised 100 students. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (meditation) or the control group (no intervention), with 50 students in each group. Age between 18 and 25 years, Enrolled as full-time students, Moderate to high levels of internet use as assessed by the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Willingness to participate in the study were included in this study. Results: At baseline, the experimental group had a mean Internet Addiction Test (IAT) score of 65.4, with a standard deviation of 10.2, and a Self-Control Scale (SCS) score of 80.1 with a standard deviation of 12.3. The control group had a mean IAT score of 66.2 (SD = 9.8) and an SCS score of 79.5 (SD = 11.9). These scores indicate that there were no significant differences between the groups before the intervention, confirming that the groups were well-matched at the start. After the 8-week intervention, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in both measures. The mean IAT score for the experimental group dropped to 45.3 (SD = 8.4), indicating a reduction in internet addiction. The mean SCS score increased to 95.4 (SD = 10.1), indicating enhanced self-control. In contrast, the control group showed minimal changes, with a posttest IAT score of 64.7 (SD = 9.6) and an SCS score of 80.2 (SD = 12.0). This suggests that the meditation program had a substantial positive impact on the experimental group. Conclusion: Overall, the study demonstrates that an 8-week meditation program can significantly reduce internet addiction and enhance self-control among university students. The results suggest that incorporating meditation into regular routines can be a powerful tool for improving mental health and well-being.
Seema Rani PhD Scholar, Dr. Sunil Kumar Dular
Potential Antimicrobial and Anti-Ulcer Properties of a Solvent Extracted Active Constituent from Amaranthaceae Family
Background and Aim: Medicinal herbs can be used as antacids in a number of Ayurvedic treatments and are a rich source of antibacterial properties. Many artificial antacids are frequently used to treat hyperacidity. Nevertheless, drugs made from plants may work well for creating new antacids. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the acid-neutralizing and antibacterial properties of an extract of native plants belonging to the Amaranthaceae family. Methodology: Fordtran's model titration method was used to ascertain the neutralization capability in vitro. The broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the disc diffusion method was used to evaluate antibacterial activity. Result: The result of this study showed, 100 mg of Methanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera (MEAA) and Water extract of Achyranthes aspera (WEAA) had a stronger acid neutralizing effect. At a concentration of 250 g/disc, the highest activity of plant extract in MEAA was observed at 26.00 mm diameter ZOI against P. vulgaris, followed by 25.00 mm diameter ZOI against E. coli. Next was Methanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus (MEAS), which has a 21.00 mm ZOI against E. coli. Conclusion: Out of all the extracts examined, MEAS and MEAA extracts exhibited the highest capacity to neutralize acids. In vitro, MEAS extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Prevalence And Rick Factors Hypertension In Rural Communities
Background: Hypertension remains one of the highest risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the world and its rates are increasing in rural areas. Basic access to health care, change in diet and general low health literacy contribute to this situation. On this account, it is important to establish the number of cases and associated factors among rural populace to help strategize on how best to deal with these populations who are often neglected in policy formulations of various political regimes. Objectives: to determine the prevalence of hypertension in a rural community and evaluate its association with demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Community Medicine Department Saidu Medical College from jan 2023 to jan 2024 Methods The study was a cross-sectional descriptive Study which targeted fifty patients from rural areas of practice. There were clinical assessments of blood pressure, and socio demographic characteristics as well as lifestyle factors. Descriptive analysis of mean age and standard deviation and inferential analysis of risk factors for the chosen level of investigations were done by using a risk ratio at 5% significance level. Results There were 50 patients in the study with the mean age of 52.4 (Standard Deviation = 10.8. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI and smoking status, other outcomes were obtained and among them, prevalence of hypertension was 58%. Hypertensive patients experienced high salt intake (p = 0.03), physical inactivity (p = 0.01), and age older than 40 years (p = 0.02). Conclusion A general analysis showed that hypertension is also a major problem among rural dwellers due to modifiable precondition such as their diet and lack of exercise. Screening and aspirational preventive measures are required to reduce its effects in these populations.
Yasir Khurshid, Arshad Ali, Ubaidullah, Seema Mohmand, Mohammad Munib, Naeemullah
THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-EFFICACY AND HOSPITAL CULTURE TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PATIENT-CENTERED CARE (PCC) AT BERIMAN HOSPITAL, BALIKPAPAN CITY
Backgrounds. Patient centered care improves adherence to treatment plans and patient involvement in health-related decision making. Objective. This study aims to analyze self-efficacy and hospital culture on the implementation of patient-centered care (PCC) at Beriman Balikpapan Hospital. Method. The type of Conducted research is quantitative research using an observational study with a cross-sectional research design. The sample of the study was health workers at Beriman Balikpapan Hospital totaling 166 respondents using an observational study. Data analysis used AMOS software with the path analysis method. Results. The results of the analysis showed that there was an influence of self-efficacy on hospital culture, there was an influence of self-efficacy on PCC implementation, there was an influence of hospital culture on PCC implementation, and there was an indirect influence of self-efficacy on PCC implementation through hospitals culture. Suggestion: It is recommended for hospital management to improve Patient Centered Care with better communication training for all medical staff, such as as doctors, nurses, and other health workers. This includes skills in explaining diagnoses, treatments, and procedures clearly to patients, as well as listening to their complaints and expectations. Involving families in patient care. Research Limitations: The time to fill out the questionnaire and the level of respondents participation was less efficient, because the research was conducted during working hours. So some questionnaires were not filled out immediately and took longer.
Ifransyah Fuadi , Irwandy , Fridwaty Rivai , Syahrir A. Pasinringi , Andi Indahwaty AS , Andi Zulkifli Abdullah
While online impulse buying has attracted increasing attentions from researchers, there is still limited research that investigates consumers’ impulse buying behavior across different situations. Categorizing external stimuli into three types (website, marketing and situational stimuli), our study examines their joint influences on consumers’ affective and cognitive reactions as well as their online impulse buying behavior. Our empirical findings indicate that the positive effects of website stimuli and marketing stimuli on consumers’ internal reactions exhibit significant variations based on a situational stimulus (i.e., a non-holiday season versus a holiday season). Specifically, consumers react more sensitively to perceived website quality to form both hedonic and utilitarian values during the non-holiday season, while they focus more on prices to judge utilitarian value rather than hedonic value during the holiday season. Furthermore, our results suggest that the cascading mediation effects of consumers’ internal responses vary greatly between the non-holiday season and the holiday season.
Formulations and Characterization of Liquid SMEDDS of Dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole is a second-generation proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used in the treatment of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and erosive esophagitis (esophageal damage caused by acid in stomach), but because of poor solubility, stability and oral bioavailability. The objective of our research was to formulate a self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of Dexlansorazole by minimum surfactant concentration which would improve its solubility, stability and oral bioavailability. Optimized formula [C7IIB] composition includes Capryol 90 as oil, Labrasol as surfactant and Captex 500 as cosurfactant containing 30 mg of Dexlansoprazole showing drug release for liquid SMEDDS formulation (99.9%), droplet size (9.10 nm), Zeta potential (-23.9), viscosity (0.9141 cP) and infinite dilution capacity. In-vitro drug release of C7IIB was extremely high (p <0.05) compared with marketed conventional capsules (M). C7IIB was also employed to develop various SMEDDS formulations (Powder-filled capsule).
Sunit D. Gaurkar, Anup Kumar Chakraborty
Assessment Of The Effect On Radiation Dose Of CT Abdomen According To The Gender And Patient Weight
Background: Computed Tomography (CT) is an essential diagnostic technique, particularly for imaging of the abdomen. CT radiation exposure is still a worry, though, especially when it comes to patient-specific factors like gender and body weight. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess how patient gender and body weight affected the radiation dose parameters, Dose Length Product (DLP) and Computed Tomography Dose Index volume (CTDIvol), in abdominal CT scans. Materials and Methods: A Philips Ingenuity Core 128-slice machine was used to do abdominal CT scans on 100 individuals, 50 of whom were male and 50 of whom were female. Three categories were created for the patients depending on their body weight: 50–60 kg, 61–70 kg, and >70 kg. SPSS v26 was used for the collection and analysis of radiation dose data (CTDIvol and DLP). Dose values were compared among weight groups using a one-way ANOVA, and comparisons between genders were conducted using independent samples t-tests. Results: CTDIvol (p = 0.281) and DLP (p = 0.117) did not differ statistically significantly between weight categories. Comparing genders also showed no discernible changes in DLP (p = 0.169) or CTDIvol (p = 0.122). Although the mean CTDIvol was marginally greater in female patients, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study found no significant impact of body weight or gender on radiation dose in abdominal CT imaging. However, the observed trends suggest a need for continued research with larger, more stratified samples. Emphasis on individualized scanning protocols remains essential for optimizing diagnostic quality while minimizing radiation risk.
To Study Comparison between the Outcomes of Laparoscopic Appendectomy and Open Appendectomy in Terms of Post-Operative Pain
Background & Methods: Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe and less post-operative pain and morbidity as compared to open appendectomy. Laparoscopic appendectomy is a useful procedure for reducing the hospital stay, return to work early, less complications encountered. The aim of the study is to study comparison between the outcomes of Laparoscopic appendectomy and Open appendectomy in terms of Post-operative pain. Intravenous fluid should be begun. Monitoring of urine output, blood pressure, pulse. Electrolyte abnormalities should be corrected. Antibiotics should be given before 30 minutes of induction of anaesthesia. Antibiotic should cover both gram negative bacteria and anaerobes. Results: A higher proportion of patients who underwent Laparoscopy had no infection (97%), with only a small number (3 patients) developing an infection. In contrast, Open surgery had a lower percentage of patients without an infection (73%), and a notably higher number (27 patients) developed a wound infection. Level I: Both laparoscopic and open surgeries had 62 patients reporting no pain. Level II: In both surgeries, 38 patients reported mild pain. Conclusion: After analysing the all the data’s, we found the difference between open and laparoscopic appendectomy. Laparoscopic appendectomy was better than open appendectomy in a properly prepared and selected patient in terms of Post-operative complications like nausea vomiting, wound infection, fever.
Sai Sreeja Jekkireddy, Shimmei Daniel Boddu, Dr. Niveditha Samala, Dr. M Padmavathi
Influence of Perceived Parental Psychological Control, Academic Self-Concept, and Resilience on Academic Procrastination among Indian Adolescents
Academic Procrastination is a prevalent issue among adolescents, significantly impacting their academic performance and overall well-being. The focus of the study was to examine the influence of Parental Psychological Control, Academic Self-Concept and Resilience on Academic Procrastination among adolescents. A sample of N= 150 adolescents (76 male and 74 female) with age range between 13-18 years, from 2 schools in Delhi-NCR, was selected through purposive sampling method with informed consent. The tools used were Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self Report (PCS-YSR), Academic Self-Concept Scale (ASCS), Academic Procrastination Scale (APS-KAYM), Child & Youth Resilience Measure- Revised (CYRM-R). Multiple Regression was used to determine the influence of independent variables on dependent variables. To find out the significance of the mean difference between gender, Independent Sample t-test was also adopted. The results show that Parental Psychological Control Mother and Father, Personal Resilience, Academic Confidence and Academic Efforts play a significant predictors role in Academic Procrastination. Gender differences were noted, with females exhibiting higher academic self-concept, resilience and lower procrastination compared to males. The findings suggest that higher levels of parental psychological control, lower academic self-concept, and personal resilience are associated with increased academic procrastination among adolescents. These results underline the importance of addressing parental influence, self-concept, and resilience in interventions aimed at reducing academic procrastination and fostering academic success. By understanding these factors, parents, educators, and policymakers can develop strategies to create environments conducive to academic achievement and well-being in adolescents.
Dr. Fatima Shanawaz, Dr. Divya Vashistha, Nikita Vatsa
Green Synthesis Of Selenium And Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Andrographis Paniculata And Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect On Hepg2 Cell Line
The present study focuses on the green synthesis of selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles using Andrographis paniculata, a medicinal plant known for its rich phytochemical content. The plant extract served as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, enabling an eco-friendly synthesis approach. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles confirmed their stability and the presence of functional groups responsible for bioreduction, as revealed by FTIR analysis. The cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was evaluated using the MTT assay on HepG2 cells, revealing a dose-dependent response. Notably, lower concentrations (1–10 µg/ml) exhibited reduced toxicity, indicating their potential biocompatibility. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the nanoparticles was assessed using the albumin denaturation assay, demonstrating significant inhibition, especially at lower doses. These findings suggest that selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized via Andrographis paniculata possess promising anti-inflammatory properties and may serve as potential candidates for therapeutic applications with minimal cytotoxic effects.
Yasmin M, Dr. Mary Agnes A, Dr. Sindhuja G, Philomina A F
Jaws Apical Base Analysis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Background: Accurate assessment of the Mandibula apicalis and Maxilla apicalis is crucial for successful dental implantology and orthodontic treatments.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the jaws' apical bases using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to enhance clinical outcomes in implantology and orthodontics.Method: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, The Russian University of Medicine, from 2022 to 2024. A total of 112 patients underwent CBCT scanning. The Jaws Apical Base Analysis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography involved measuring bone density, cortical thickness, and trabecular patterns in both the mandibular and maxillary apical bases. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and regression models, were employed to correlate anatomical variations with demographic factors and clinical outcomes.Results: The CBCT analysis revealed that 68% of patients exhibited higher bone density in the Mandibula apicalis compared to the Maxilla apicalis. Cortical thickness averaged 1.2 mm in males and 0.9 mm in females, showing a significant sexual dimorphism (p < 0.05). Bone density in the mandibular region decreased by 15% with each advancing decade of age (R²=0.76). Successful implant osseointegration was achieved in 92% of cases with optimal bone density, compared to 75% in lower density areas. Additionally, patients with class I skeletal patterns showed 20% greater cortical thickness than those with class II or III malocclusions (p < 0.01). The correlation between trabecular pattern complexity and implant stability was positive, with a Pearson coefficient of 0.65 (p < 0.001).Conclusions:Jaws Apical Base Analysis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography provides detailed insights into the anatomical variations of the apical bases, significantly predicting clinical success in dental implant procedures. These findings support the integration of CBCT in routine diagnostic protocols to optimize treatment planning and outcomes.
Siuzanna Sevan, Anna Slabkovskaya, Ibragim Sevan, Mohammed Naser Sevan
Hydroxyurea in Managing Sickle Cell Anemia in Context of Hematological and Clinical Improvement along with Its Side effects
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of condition with abnormality in the β-globin gene. It ranges from homozygous condition affecting both gene for β-globin to other genotypes like sickle-cell/β+ thalassemia (HbS/β+), heterozygous sickle-cell/β0 thalassemia (HbS/β0), sickle-cell/haemoglobin C disease (HbSC), and other less occurring genotypes. Hydroxyurea is one of such drug which induces HbF production and was approved by US-FDA for SCA. It is basically a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer patient and treatment of HIV. Later on its effect on HbF was discovered MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was a prospective hospital based observational study was carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM hospital, Bhubaneswar. All the paediatric population between age group of more than one year to less than 15 years diagnosed with sickle cell anaemia were our study population. A minimum sample of 29 subject was adequate to achieve required power in the study. For the purpose of the study we considered 30 subjects to be included in the study.A valid consent was taken from the parents (and children where applicable) before enrolling to the study. Hydroxyurea was started at dose of 20mg/kg in the children; and was increased gradually 5mg/kg every eight weeks of therapy to maximum tolerable dose (up to 35mg/kg). RESULTS Mean weight of the children at enrollment was 19.67 ± 4.29 kilograms while the mean height was 108.7 ± 7.94 cm. The baseline characteristics of the study population. We also compared the proportion of subject experience specific complications before and after the therapy and compared them. The proportion of subject experience symptom of vaso-occlusion was 60% before therapy which declined to 30% after therapy. This difference in proportion was statistically significant (P value = 0.035). Similarly, we found a significant decrease in proportion of subject with acute chest syndrome, blood transfusion and hospitalization with a p value of <0.05. The side effect profile of the hydroxyurea. Most common side effect was gastrointestinal problem followed by rash (16.7%). Only few subject showed skin pigmentation (6.67%). Appetite among the children was improved from 46.7% before therapy to 66.7% after hydroxyurea therapy. This change in proportion was statistically significant (P value = 0.034). CONCLUSION Hydroxyurea therapy is an effective mode of treatment for children with sickle cell anemia. Hydroxyurea is one such therapy which can reduce the complication or painful crisis in patient suffering from sickle cell anemia and also Hydroxyurea reduces number of hospitalizations, and blood transfusions. Using Hydroxyurea in children suffering from with sickle cell anemia cause raise in Hemoglobin levels, with decrease in HbS and increase in HbF level significantly.
K. Sai Manga Prasad, Dr Braja Kishore Behera, Dr Subhasree Beura, Dr Sruti Pradhan, Dr Swarup Kumar Bisoi
QUEST FOR IDENTITY IN THE NOVELS OF M.G. VASSANJI
Abstract: - An in-depth analysis of M.G. Vassanji's novels shows how the characters change in identity and attitude as they travel and double migrate. The characters' constant fear of not fitting in forces them to seek their identities in the new location. M. G. Vassani's story deals with a never-ending search for identity because of an unmet dream they had before their relocation that has become a persistent ghost. The imaginative worlds of diasporic authors like M.G. Vassanji are shaped by this awareness of perpetual exile, the feeling that we belong but no longer do, and a need to return to our place of origin. Arnold Itwaru's aforementioned statement sums up the circumstances facing Indo-Canadian writers from Africa and the Caribbean. M. G. Vassanji, an African Indian who immigrated to Canada in 1978 and joined the University of Toronto as a lecturer and research associate, also revisits his heritage.
Milindra Sukhadeve ,Prof. Sanjay Palwekar
The Role Of Allergic Rhinitis In Chronic Otitis Media A Cross-Sectional Study.
Background: Long-standing middle ear inflammation defines Chronic otitis media (COM) as it causes recurrent infections that reduce hearing capabilities. Medical experts believe allergic rhinitis (AR) serves as a COM susceptibility factor because it causes impairments to Eustachian tubes together with swollen nasal membrane tissue and persistent inflammatory responses. The presence of AR causes nasal congestion together with elevated mucus levels which creates conditions that make people more susceptible to middle ear infection and bacterial invasion that sustains persistent otitis media. Current evidence demonstrates the link between AR and COM but researchers struggle to understand how these conditions relate to each other. The research examines the connection between AR and COM with the purpose of enhancing diagnostic and treatment practices in medical settings. Objectives: to evaluates how widespread allergic rhinitis exists in chronic otitis media patients while studying its effect on disease intensity. The research examines whether allergic rhinitis plays a part in causing both prolonged middle ear inflammation and repetitive infections in patients with chronic otitis media. Place and duration of study. This Study Conducted In Department Of ENT Kabir Medical College Peshawar From Jan 2023 To July 2023 Methods: this cross-sectional studied 150 patients with chronic otitis media. The study evaluated patients for allergic rhinitis through the combination of medical history, skin prick tests and serum IgE examinations. The evaluation process involved an examination of the ears and ear canal through the scope and test methods to gauge COM severity. The study performed statistical evaluations which involved mean comparisons combined with chi-square tests to determine relationships between allergic rhinitis levels and chronic otitis media severity at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: 150 patients participated in the study as members of the population with an average age of 42.3 ± 10.5 years. Among the 150 evaluated patients allergic rhinitis affected 62 people which corresponded to 41.3% of them. Patients who had tympanic membrane perforations together with persistent middle ear effusion showed higher rates of AR according to statistical analyses with p values of 0.021 and 0.034. People who had both COM and AR showed greater average air-bone gap findings during audiometric testing with a significant difference from patients who did not have AR (p = 0.017). Research indicates that AR patients showed statistical evidence for greater Eustachian tube dysfunction frequency (p = 0.029). study data demonstrates that allergic inflammation might contribute to deteriorating conditions in the middle ear. Conclusion: the allergic rhinitis leads to significant middle ear inflammation which intensifies chronic otitis media. The treatment and early detection of allergic rhinitis among COM patients can help decrease the development of persistent otitis media together with better patient results. More extensive longitudinal analysis needs to be done to determine treatment approaches for exploring the direct path between allergic rhinitis and chronic otitis media.
Arifullah, Zafar Ayaz, Muhammad Ismail Khan, Sohail khan, Rashid Ahmad, Bakht Taj
A Systematic Review With An Insight To Discover The Association Between Oral Lichen Planus And Thyroid Diseases
BACKGROUND Oral Lichen Planus is an immune mediated disease which affects cutaneous tissue and oral mucosa. Thyroid disease is a common endocrine disorder which is prevalent world wide and approximately 42 million individuals in India suffer from Thyroid disorders. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the association between Oral Lichen Planus and Thyroid diseases. METHODS Articles were searched from databases such as PUBMED, Science Direct, ProQuest, Ingenta Connect and hand searched. We found 892 articles from primary databases and 2 from hand search after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria and six articles were assessed and included in our review, encompassing a wide geographic area. RESULTS Six studies were assessed with the common age group ranging between 40-70years and Oral Lichen Planus was confirmed by clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Investigations for Thyroid diseases included evaluation of T3,T4,TSH. This Systematic review found a positive correlation between OLP and Thyroid disease from the included studies. CONCLUSION A routine screening for Thyroid disease particularly, Hashimoto Thyroiditis is recommended upon the initial diagnosis of OLP. This procedure will facilitate early Thyroid disease diagnosis and also aid in the management of OLP.
Dr.Pavithra.S, Dr.Abinaya Balakrishnan, Dr.Christeffi Mabel.R, Dr.Divyarani.S, Dr.Priyanka.G, Dr.Ashwinthan.M
Effectiveness of Nurse Led Intervention module on Cord Blood Banking in terms of knowledge and attitude among adolescents
Cord blood banking is the most important topic of science and technology today. Cord blood banking refers to collection and preservation of cord blood for the treatment of blood and immune disorders that may occur in the future. Female graduates (Adolescents) need to understand about cord blood banking hence they are going to give birth to the baby in future. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Nurse Led Intervention on Cord Blood Banking in terms of knowledge and attitude among adolescents in St. Jerome’s college at Kanyakumari district.The study design used was pre experimental one group pretest posttest design. The samples were 60 adolescent girls selected through convenient sampling. Among the participants, majority 45 (75%) had inadequate knowledge on cord blood banking, 10 (17%) had Moderate knowledge and 5 (8%) had adequate knowledge about cord blood banking in the pretest The Mean post-test knowledge (14.9) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge (6.55) with standard deviation (14.82) and the obtained t value(2.72) was significant at p< 0.05. The Mean post-test level of attitude (36)was higher than the mean pre-test level of attitude(17.7) with the standard deviation (26.9) and the obtained t value(8.14) was significant at p< 0.05 The study concluded that nurse led intervention module was highly effective in improving knowledge and attitude on cord blood banking among adolescent college girls at kanyakumari.
P. Kalavathy¹, Dr.Fabiola M.Dhanaraj,M.Mohanambal
A Population-Based Study on the Epidemiological Trends, Molecular Diagnosis, and Disease Burden of Hemoglobinopathies: Assessing the Impact of Hemoglobin Variants on Public Health Outcomes
Introduction: Hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease and thalassemia, represent a significant public health challenge, particularly in regions with high prevalence. This study aims to examine the epidemiological trends, molecular diagnosis, and disease burden of hemoglobinopathies, focusing on how different hemoglobin variants impact public health outcomes. Understanding the genetic diversity and its effect on disease progression is critical to formulating targeted health interventions and improving care for affected populations. The study evaluates both genotypic and phenotypic variations of hemoglobinopathies and their long-term effects on public health metrics such as mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. Objective: To assess the prevalence and distribution of hemoglobinopathies, identify molecular variants, and understand the impact on public health outcomes and healthcare systems. Methodology: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Sudan during jnauray 2024 till October 2024, including 550 patients diagnosed with hemoglobinopathies. Results: This study of 550 patients found HbS to be the most common hemoglobinopathy (54.5%), followed by HbC (27.3%) and β-thalassemia (18.2%). The HbS group had the highest hospitalization rate (52%), morbidity index (4.5), and complications like stroke (15%) and organ failure (25%). HbC and β-thalassemia had lower rates and complications. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed HbS/HbS had the most severe symptoms and earliest onset (4.5 years). Conclusion: The study emphasizes the critical need for widespread screening and genetic counseling in high-risk populations to reduce the public health burden of hemoglobinopathies. Early molecular diagnosis and continuous medical care are key strategies in improving health outcomes and reducing the long-term economic costs associated with these diseases.
Effect of Nutrition Education Package on Pregnant Woman Knowledge and Healthy Dietary Practice
This study investigated pregnant women's demographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and knowledge levels about nutrition during pregnancy. A total of 150 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Department (OPD) of Sono Hospital Limited, Kushtia and Sono Diagnostic Center, Bheramara, Bangladesh from October 2016 to October 2017 were included in the study. Demographic data revealed that the majority of participants (70.0%) were between 20 and 30 years old and had diverse educational backgrounds, including diplomas (40.0%) and university education (35.0%). Furthermore, 60.0% of participants were identified as housewives. Analysis of dietary patterns indicated varied consumption habits, with a notable proportion consuming red meat, chicken, and milk daily, while a significant percentage reported rarely consuming fruits and vegetables. Additionally, a considerable proportion of participants reported regular consumption of fast-food during pregnancy. Pre- and post-intervention knowledge assessments significantly improved participants' understanding of food items during pregnancy. Statistical analysis using Fisher's Exact Test revealed significant shifts in the percentages of participants providing complete, correct answers immediately after the intervention and during follow-up. These findings underscore the importance of targeted nutritional education interventions for pregnant women, focusing on promoting dietary diversity and micronutrient intake. Healthcare providers should prioritize personalized nutritional counselling and support to ensure optimal maternal and fetal health outcomes during pregnancy. Community-based initiatives to facilitate access to nutritious foods and promote healthy eating behaviours are also recommended to enhance overall maternal nutrition and pregnancy outcomes.
Shaouki Munir, Faaiza Farbin Ali, Tanzina Afroz
Development and Characterization of Modified Release Tablet Etodolac with Proteolytic Enzyme Serratiopeptidase
Abstract: Developing and characterizing a modified-release tablet is the main goal of this project which contains Etodolac, a selective NSAID, and Serratiopeptidase, a proteolytic enzyme known for its anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic properties. The objective is to design a formulation that provides modified drug release, reduces gastrointestinal side effects, and enhances therapeutic efficacy. A polymer-based matrix system was utilized to control drug release, and various formulation strategies were employed to optimize the tablet composition. Stability studies, in vitro drug release profiles, and physicochemical parameters were used to assess the created formulation. These results demonstrated that the modified-release tablet maintained consistent drug levels over an extended period, improving patient compliance and minimizing side effects. The synergistic action of Etodolac and Serratiopeptidase offers a promising alternative for managing chronic inflammatory conditions, paving the way for further research into advanced drug delivery systems.
SYNTHESIS, ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF SOME NOVEL THIAZOLE INCORPORATED SEMICARBAZONE DERIVATIVES
Thiazole-based semicarbazone derivatives have garnered significant attention in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse pharmacological properties, particularly anticancer potential. In this study, we report the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of novel thiazole-incorporated semicarbazone derivatives. The synthesized compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, and mass spectrometry. Their anticancer activity was evaluated against selected cancer cell lines using MTT assay, revealing promising cytotoxic effects in comparison to standard anticancer drugs. Molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate the binding interactions of these derivatives with key oncogenic targets, providing insights into their mechanism of action. Additionally, drug-likeness properties were analyzed to assess their pharmacokinetic feasibility. The findings suggest that these novel derivatives exhibit potent anticancer activity and favorable drug-like properties, making them promising candidates for further development in cancer therapeutics.
Effectiveness Of Cochlear Implants In Pediatric Sensor neural Hearing Loss.
Background: Pediatric sensorineural hearing loss manifests commonly because it creates difficulties for children to develop proper speech abilities and language skills. SNHL without appropriate treatment leads to reduced academic achievements as well as hindered social integration combined with impaired cognitive function. The development of cochlear implants has brought better hearing outcomes to patients who do not respond well to standard hearing aid solutions. Studies show that the time of implant installation matters because it creates optimal results for audial development thanks to intensified neural malleability. The establishment of extended research monitoring developmental outcomes will help enhance clinical procedures alongside intervention scheduling approaches. Objectives: The evaluation of cochlear implant success for SNHL in children will examine speech recognition outcomes as well as language development and listening abilities through a comprehensive assessment. The research focuses on understanding how the time at which implants are installed affects patient rehabilitation results. Study design: A prospective study. Place and duration of study. Department of ENT saidu medical college swat.from jan 2023 to jan 2024 Methods: Among 100 pediatric patients with bilateral SNHL researchers performed cochlear implantation for patients aged between 6 months and 5 years. The patients received implants with an average age of 2.1 years (SD = 0.8). The assessment of auditory function and speech-language abilities took place at various points starting from 6 months after implantation until 5 years post-implantation. Standardized speech perception tests together with parental questionnaires were used as assessment methods. The researchers performed paired t-tests for statistical assessment to detect significant differences (p < 0.05) between age groups in their study. Results: The participants had an average age of 2.1 years with standard deviation at 0.8. Subjects who got their cochlear implants before their first birthday achieved better auditory perception scores than children who received them after their first birthday (p = 0.003). The research indicates that kids who received cochlear implants before turning two years old achieved better language skills (p = 0.012). Research found that both academic and social performance improved as 88% of parents observed better communication abilities among the children. Studies have shown that children with regular cochlear implant device usage exhibit better auditory comprehension performance (p = 0.017). Conclusion: The developer of speech language skills among children with SNHL receives notable benefits from cochlear implants when undergoing implantation during early years of life. Youth cochlear implant recipients demonstrate better listening skills and language skills because their brains easily adjust to neural signals. Success rates in the long term become optimal when early intervention teams up with rehabilitation programs. Further studies must prioritize developing new technologies with customized treatment plans to boost future outcomes in children who use cochlear implants.
Sohail Khan, Arifullah,Muhammad Ismail Khan, Zafar Ayaz, Bakht Taj, Muhammad Saleem Khan
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF EMULGEL FOR EFFICIENT DRUG DELIVERY THROUGH THE SKIN
The study aimed to enhance the topical delivery of Itraconazole through emulgel formulations using Carbopol 934 and Carbopol 940 as gelling agents. A 2³ factorial design was employed to study the effects of gelling agent type, oil phase concentration, and emulsifying agent concentrationondrugrelease.The formulationswereevaluatedforphysicalproperties,viscosity, drug release, globule size, skin irritation, antifungal activity, transmission electron microscopy, and stability. Results showed all formulations exhibited acceptable physical characteristics, including color, homogeneity, spreadability, and pH. The optimized formulation demonstrated 95.08% drug release over 48 hours, with enhanced antifungal activity compared to commercial Itraconazole cream. Skin irritation tests showed no signs of edema or erythema on rat skin. Stabilitystudiesconfirmedtheformulationsretainedtheirpropertiesafterthreemonthsofstorage. Overall, the study concluded that the optimized emulgel ensures sustained drug delivery in a controlled manner.
Dr.Amol.U.Gayke, Sumit B.Kirtane, Prof Preetam L.Nikam, Prof Vikas S.Shinde, Dr.Pradyumana Ige
Conceptualizing the Indian Millennial’s ‘Infertility Behaviors’: Towards A Better Understanding and Measurement of Multi-Dimensional Research Construct with Structural Equation Modeling
Abstract. Millennia’s ‘infertility behaviour’ as a research construct owes a longer history of extensive research and analysis. Millennia’s infertility-oriented behaviour has already been explored from individual perspective, institutional perspective as well as from organisational perspective, from social and dogmatic perspective as well. Each approach has its own merits and demerits. Ideally the construct’s focus of study revolves around Millennia’s own individual derived attributes, traits, inclinations as well as contingent supports and influences that shape up the phenomenon. The task of evaluation of Millennia’s role in the shaping of infertility tendencies and lack of reproductive aspirations owes a longer record of scholarly research. The recent review of literature suggests that diverse factors, which are internal to Millennia’s cognitions and contingent to Millennia’s reproductive decision making collectively shape the phenomenon. The existing literature calls for emphasis on individual traits, aspects of traits, habits, misinformation, and lack of responsibility in behaviour. The aspect of ‘triggered infertility’ has gained currency on the notion that experienced inability to reproduce is self-made or self-triggered instead of imposed from outside the environment. The reported second major influence is from the ‘perceptions’ of natural environments and third from the vocational/work related, career driven, health and drugs, stress aspects, contingent influences, sexual and reproductive health communications. These are believed to shape reproductive self-efficacy which poses consequences for sustainability of current employability and respective family orientation. In nutshell, Millennia’s triggered infertility behaviour identifies as a matter of intensive research across developed and developing economies alike. The behaviour in literal terminology refers to self-driven engagement in a particular set of habits and exhibits the philosophy of the self-motivation and emphasis on new youth identification, development and sexual positioning and exploration rather than undertaking family rearing responsibilities. The philosophy imbibes the concept of youth based self-engagement into specific and strategic activities that pertain to specific lifestyle development and expertise gain about self-identity establishment and intent for being a single instead of being a family man. In this prospect, the current proposed research seeks to explore the vivid aspects, factors and dimensions that collectively see to shape up the phenomenon across contextual roots in Delhi/NCR and North Indian states. The study makes sense as the triggered infertility in Indian perspective is increasing, and more health policy decisions are aimed at promoting fertility.
CHALLENGES FACED BY WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MSMES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN KERALA
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the global economy, with Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) among the worst affected. Women entrepreneurs in this sector faced unique challenges that disrupted their business operations and personal lives. This study examines the specific obstacles encountered by women entrepreneurs in MSMEs during the pandemic and explores how these challenges shaped their resilience and adaptability. The research adopts a surveys method with women entrepreneurs from diverse industries. Key challenges identified include financial hardships due to declining revenues, limited access to markets, and disruptions in supply chains. Many women struggled with accessing emergency financial assistance, particularly in rural areas. Additionally, the sudden shift to digital platforms posed difficulties for those with limited technological skills or infrastructure. Beyond business challenges, women entrepreneurs faced increased domestic responsibilities, which further strained their ability to manage their enterprises effectively. Psychological stress and uncertainty about the future also emerged as critical factors affecting their decision-making and productivity. Government relief measures and community support played a role, though their reach and effectiveness varied widely. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions to support women in MSMEs, including better access to credit, digital skill development, and mental health support. It also emphasizes the importance of building a more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that addresses gender-specific barriers. The target respondents for the study are the Women-Led MSMEs in Kerala.120 people were chosen favourably for this investigation. Stratified random sampling was used to gather 110 respondents from Kerala in order to obtain the relevant data. By shedding light on these challenges, this research aims to contribute to the formulation of policies and programs that empower women entrepreneurs to recover and thrive in the post-pandemic era.
Rakhi Saratni K S, Dr. S Ramola Ponmalar
The Ketogenic Diet as an Emerging Adjunctive Therapy for Neurological Disorders
The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat, moderate-protein, and low-carbohydrate dietary approach, has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for various neurological disorders. By inducing a metabolic state of nutritional ketosis, KD modulates excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, regulates oxidative stress, and influences the gut microbiome. It has demonstrated benefits in conditions such as epilepsy, migraine, autism, multiple sclerosis, and neuro-oncology, as well as psychiatric and metabolic disorders. Preliminary studies suggest that KD may aid in neurological recovery, particularly in spinal cord injuries and traumatic brain injuries, though its long-term safety and efficacy remain uncertain. While KD has the potential to serve as an adjunct therapy, concerns regarding cardiovascular risks, dietary imbalances, and limited long-term applicability necessitate further investigation. Standardization of KD protocols and extensive cohort studies are essential to determine its broader clinical viability in neurology and neurosurgery.
Pavani Karani , Neha Gogineni, Shivani Shah, Anna Bretches, Rizwanullah
An Immunohistochemical Diagnostic Approach of Clear Cell Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor of Anterior Mandible
The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign neoplasm reported to be less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. Dr. J J Pindborg in the year 1958 first described this lesion after which Shafer et al termed it as Pindborg tumor. This tumor is a locally aggressive benign neoplasm of odontogenic epithelial origin. The clear cell variant of CEOT (CCEOT) is more aggressive with highest recurrence rate of about 22%. Howell and Abrams reported the first case of CCEOT in the year 1967. Hence it is crucial to consider clear cell variant in histopathological diagnosis. Such a rare case of CCEOT is reported in our institution and its clinical, radiographical and histopathological features are discussed in this article. This rare case report gives an overview of a clear cell variant of CEOT in the anterior mandible of a 62-year-old female patient.
Shamala Sivanandham, Deivanayagi Muthusamy, Radhika Chelliah, Devi M, Adhithya Baskaran
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Breastfeeding Among Mothers in Khammam, India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Despite global recognition of breastfeeding benefits, suboptimal practices persist in India. This study assesses breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among mothers in Khammam, India, and correlates these practices with sociodemographic factors1. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mamata Medical College Hospital, Khammam, from November 2015 to June 2017. A structured questionnaire was administered to 512 mothers of children aged 0–2 years. Data on maternal education, delivery mode, initiation/duration of breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices were analyzed using SPSS v17. Chi-square and Spearman’s correlation tests identified associations (p < 0.05 significant). Results: Only 46.09% initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth, with significant delays after cesarean sections (p < 0.01). Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) lasted a mean of 4.5 months, influenced by maternal education (p < 0.01). Prelacteal feeds (27%) and bottle-feeding (34.57%) were prevalent. Complementary feeding began at 6.5 months (73.17% used homemade foods). Conclusion: While most mothers exhibited positive attitudes, gaps in early initiation, EBF duration, and pre lacteal feeding persist. Targeted antenatal counselling and workplace policies are recommended to improve breastfeeding outcomes.
Dr.Rajani Komal J, Dr.Indumathi B, Dr.Balabadra Sravanthi, Dr.Akhileshwar Reddy Vangala
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DERMATOGLYPHIC PATTERN AMONG WOMEN WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM IN RELATION TO POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Dermatoglyphics is as old as the history of man. It is the study of patterns of dermal ridges in the palmar aspect of hands and digits and plantar aspect of foot and toes. Individual characteristic patterns of epidermal ridge are formed during the 3rd or 4th month of fetal life. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is a condition in which thyroid gland doesn't produce enough of certain crucial hormones. Hypothyroidism may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Over time, untreated hypothyroidism can cause a number of health problems, such as obesity, joint pain, infertility and heart disease. Polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age group. [8] It is a heterogeneous group of disorder with Hyperandrogenism (Ovarian), Hyperinsulinemia & chronic anovulation.
Amarnath Panuganti, .Dr.Vishali N, .Dr Rajesh V, .Dr Radhakrishna L
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELF-MEDICATION BEHAVIORS WITH ANTIBIOTICS AMONG MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS OF SOUTH PUNJAB
BACKGROUND: All over the world, self-medication is common, which facilitates procedures but increases risks such as antibiotic resistance. Social media-influenced college students show concerning self-medication behaviors. Students from undergraduate level of medical, nursing, and non-health sciences schools participated in this cross-sectional study to evaluate their attitudes, knowledge, and self-medication practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Approaching undergraduate students those were 19 years of age or older, this descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted at educational institutions between 2023 and 2024. Socio-demographics data, antibiotic self-medication, and the knowledge related to it and collected through validated questionnaire. To improve the statistical power, the sample size was 755. For data analysis, SPSS version 26 was used. RESULTS: Analysis of data revealed that a significant percentage of students use antibiotics as a form of self-medication. Convenience was the main concern for medical students, while cost-cutting and mistrust of physicians were the main concerns for non-medical students. Throat soreness was the most often reported self-medication complaint. While non-medical students sought advice from local stores, medical students used textbooks to find the information they needed. Surprisingly, medical students used medicines mostly based on their prior knowledge and experiences, while non-medical students frequently bought antibiotics from stores, leaving them open to incorrect diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION: This emphasizes how crucial it is to put particular treatments into place to teach the students risky self-medication behaviors.
Shahla Naeem, Muneeba Syed, Muhammad Ismail Mughal, Ali Siftain,
MENTAL HEALTH CHALLENGES AND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS OF SOUTH PUNJAB
BACKGROUND: A prevalent worldwide public health concern that needs urgent attention is intimate partner violence (IPV), which is defined as behavior by an intimate partner that has the potential to cause physical, under a different name, sexual. The most prevalent type of violence in Punjab, Pakistan's rural areas is intimate partner violence (IPV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 565 married women who had been the victims of IPV in South Punjab's rural districts participated in in-depth interviews for this qualitative phenomenological study. Data was gathered using a semi-structured interview guide. Using a snowball sampling technique, these ladies were chosen between October 2022 and March 2023. The interviews were translated into English after being audio recorded in different language. Thematic inductive analysis was used to examine the data. RESULTS: Using the socio-ecological framework, the study has given the many aspects of IPV in Pakistan's rural South Punjab. Culturally contextualized terms such as "protection," "mental delicacy," "physical submissiveness," and "social security" were introduced in the current study. Mental symptoms were common in the entire female population. However, in comparison to women who were not exposed to violence, women who experienced any kind of violence reported much worse mental health. Even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, there was still a statistically significant difference for practically all of the health measures under study. The largest correlations were observed between sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and suicidal thoughts and physical aggression. According to the interviews, just 27% of the women who experienced violence and also told anyone about it, usually their parents. CONCLUSION: Through public awareness campaigns drives inside public institutions such as the police and judiciary, expectations imposed by orthodoxy and gender-prejudiced roles, misinterpretations of Islamic teachings, and the dominant patriarchy can be challenged. Women can be empowered through education and employment, which can also assist to question traditional anti-feminist social norms and the function of kinship-based networks in the family and community.
EVALUATING MEDICAL STUDENTS' COMPREHENSION OF APPLIED ANATOMY: THE IMPACT OF VISUAL RESOURCES ON THEIR READINESS FOR MEDICAL PRACTICE
Students' topographical and practical knowledge of anatomy were tested on timed exams that used visual aids such as cadavers, pictures of cadavers, radiographs, and images of clinical findings. Very little was known regarding the use of visual aids such as drawings in conjunction with textual evaluations. However, advances in the idea of multimodal learning have allowed us to get a better grasp of how individuals learn from visual and textual sources simultaneously. The primary goal of this research was to find out how medical students fared when given clinically-oriented, single-best-answer questions with or without pictures. Furthermore, the impact of students' individual traits and preferred assessment and instructional methods on their final grades was investigated via the use of a questionnaire. Six medical institutions in the United Kingdom sent 75 second-year students who volunteered to participate. Based on whether the stimulus was text alone or an image, the researcher organized the questions accordingly. The question's focus on the picture's soft-tissue or bone content was considered alongside the image type and deep components. The intricacy of the subject and its geographical anatomy were the primary foci of subsequent research. The students looked over their questionnaire answers as well as their exam results. Comments made by students provided more support for this claim. The research demonstrated that several parameters, such as picture inclusion, question complexity, regional anatomy, image depth, and students' performance, were affected. Students' personal preferences may have a significant impact on their performance. Radiological and anatomical pictures are essential in medicine for examining and evaluating a patient's anatomy. This research aimed to examine how these images affect routinely used written evaluations.
Gong Afang, Emad Mohamed Nafie Abdelwahab
Central Ossifying Fibroma of Maxilla- A Case Report
Central ossifying fibroma (COF) is a rare, benign fibro-osseous lesion that typically affects the mandible, but maxillary involvement, though uncommon, can pose diagnostic challenges. This case report presents a 35-year-old female patient with a painless swelling in the right upper jaw that has been present for six months and is gradually increasing in size. The swelling became mildly painful over the past four months due to denture-induced pressure. Extraoral examination revealed a solitary, diffuse, bony hard, non-tender swelling on the right midface, measuring approximately 3 × 3 cm, with normal overlying skin. Intraoral examination showed a similar swelling in the 14–16 region with erythematous mucosa and a nonscrapable hyperkeratotic area at its center. Radiographic and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of central ossifying fibroma of the maxilla. Surgical excision was planned based on the characteristics of the lesion. This case emphasizes the importance of a thorough clinical examination and consideration of fibro-osseous lesions in the differential diagnosis of intraoral and extraoral swellings, particularly in edentulous patients. Early detection and proper management are crucial for preventing complications and ensuring favorable outcomes.
Dr. Shiwangi Jaiswal, Dr.Madhur, Dr. Pranjal Rathi, Dr. Neha Agrawal
Assessing Medical Students' Understanding Of Applied Anatomy: The Influence Of Visual Resources On Their Preparedness For Medical Practice
Using visual aids such as cadavers, photos of cadavers, radiographs, and images of clinical findings, students were examined on timed tests that assessed their topographical and practical understanding of anatomy. When it came to combining written assessments with visual assistance like drawings, very little was known. But new developments in the concept of multimodal learning have helped us understand how people take in information visually and textually at the same time. Finding out how well medical students did with and without graphics on clinically-oriented, one-best-answer questions was the major motivation for this study. Moreover, a questionnaire was used to evaluate how students' unique attributes and preferred evaluation and teaching techniques affected their final grades. Participating were seventy-five second-year students from six different UK medical schools. The questions were arranged in a way that was consistent with whether the stimulus was graphic or text-only. Along with the image type and deep components, the question's emphasis on the picture's soft-tissue or bone composition was taken into account. The following studies mostly aimed to comprehend the subject's complexity and its regional anatomy. Before turning in their final exams, the students reviewed their questionnaire responses. Student comments lent credence to this argument. The study's findings showed that several factors were impacted, including the number of pictures included, the difficulty of the questions, the depth of the images, regional anatomy, and students' performance. The level of success that students achieve could be greatly affected by their own choices. When diagnosing or treating a patient, it is crucial to have access to high-quality radiological and anatomical images. Finding out how these pictures influence commonly used written assessments was the primary goal of this study.
Evaluations Of The Urine Peptidome And Proteome In Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes During The Early Stages
People who suffer with type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system assaults and kills the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin, often have nephropathy and other long-term complications. It is essential to identify renal involvement early on for optimal management. By analyzing the changes in the peptidome and proteome that happen in the urine in the early phases of type 1 diabetes, this research aims to discover early signs of renal stress and disease development. Researchers used urine samples to examine both healthy controls and those who had just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Mass spectrometry-based high-throughput proteomics and peptidomics investigations were conducted to evaluate changes in protein and peptide patterns. Significant findings include the identification of distinct peptide and protein profiles linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and early glomerular injury. In comparison to the control group, individuals with type 1 diabetes had significantly elevated levels of several markers. Artifacts from albumin, inflammatory peptides, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were among these indicators. These findings suggest that urine peptidome and proteome profiling might be a non-invasive way to detect early kidney changes in type 1 diabetes. The newly identified biomarkers have the potential to be very helpful in monitoring the progression of a disease and guiding therapy to prevent consequences. Additional longitudinal study is necessary to confirm these findings and explore their potential therapeutic use.The immune system's attack on insulin-producing β-cells in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) leads to persistent high blood sugar levels. Preventing the progression of problems connected to diabetes requires early detection of molecular alterations.
EXAMINATIONS OF THE URINE PEPTIDOME AND PROTEOME IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIAGNOSIS DURING BEGINNING PERIODS
Nephropathy and other long-term consequences are common in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune illness in which the pancreatic beta cells that create insulin are attacked and killed by the body's immune system. Optimal treatment requires early identification of renal involvement. This study intends to find early signals of renal stress and disease progression by evaluating the changes that occur in the urine's peptidome and proteome during the early stages of type 1 diabetes. Researchers studied people with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and healthy controls by analyzing urine samples. Analyzed were alterations in protein and peptide patterns using mass spectrometry-based high-throughput proteomics and peptidomics studies. Results showing unique protein and peptide patterns associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and early glomerular damage are among the most noteworthy. Several indicators were much higher in the type 1 diabetic group compared to the control group. Among these markers were albumin artifacts, inflammatory peptides, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). These results raise the possibility that urine peptidome and proteome analysis might be a non-invasive strategy for identifying early kidney alterations in type 1 diabetes. The recently discovered biomarkers may prove to be invaluable tools for tracking the development of a disease and directing treatment to forestall its worst-case scenarios. The validity of these results and the scope of their possible therapeutic use need more longitudinal research.High blood sugar levels persist in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) because the immune system attacks the cells that produce insulin. Early diagnosis of molecular changes is crucial for preventing the advancement of complications related to diabetes.
The Importance Of Epigenome And Microbiome In The Regulation Of Endocrine-Mediated Inflammation In Diet-Induced Obesity
Microbiomes, also known as epigenomes, may have a role in metabolic health and the inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO), according to recent research. Examining the role of endocannabinoids in regulating inflammation in a mouse model, this work delves into the complex relationship between DIO, the epigenomic landscape, and the microbiome makeup of the digestive tract. To study the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD), researchers first made C57BL/6J mice overweight and then monitored their weight. Discovering alterations in metabolic parameters or inflammatory indicators, or both, was the aim. Researchers discovered changes in DNA methylation patterns linked to obesity by integrating genomic sequencing with epigenetic profiling. The most notable changes were seen in the genes that control inflammation and lipid metabolism. At the same time, scientists analyzed the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing and found that the HFD was associated with major changes in the variety and composition of microbes. The rise in inflammatory-promoting microbial taxa, linked to increased levels of endogenous THC, was the most striking finding. Researchers assessed the impact on inflammatory responses and metabolic repercussions after pharmaceutically modifying endocannabinoid signaling to identify the pathways. The results show that inflammation in DIO is influenced by both the microbiota and the epigenome. Endocannabinoid signaling is subsequently affected by this. This study demonstrates the complicated interaction between nutrition, microbiome, and epigenetic pathways in metabolic health and the possibility of addressing inflammation linked to obesity by targeting these pathways as a treatment strategy; however, further investigation is required to ascertain the precise mechanisms involved and their consequences for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Zhang Jiawei, Nurul Azmir Bin Amir Hashim
The Function Of The Epigenome And Microbiome In Controlling The Progression Of Endocrine-Mediated Inflammatory In Obesity Due To Diets
The role of microbiomes, also known as epigenomes, in metabolic health and inflammation in diet-induced obesity (DIO) has recently been shown by new research. This work explores the interaction between DIO, the epigenomic landscape, and the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive tract within the setting of endocannabinoid-mediated inflammatory control in a mouse model. Researchers were able to examine the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) by making C57BL/6J mice gain weight and then monitoring their progress. Determining if there were alterations in metabolic parameters or inflammatory indicators was the primary objective. Epigenetic profiling and genome sequencing allowed researchers to find obesity-related changes in DNA methylation patterns. The mutations were more pronounced in genes involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism. At the same time, researchers found that the HFD was associated with substantial changes in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota when they used 16S rRNA sequencing. Specifically, researchers found more microbial taxa that promote inflammation, which is linked to higher amounts of endogenous cannabinoids. To identify the pathways, scientists used pharmacological treatment to alter endocannabinoid signaling and then studied the resulting metabolic and inflammatory effects. Inflammation in DIO is influenced by both the microbiota and the epigenome, as previously shown. Then, this influences the signaling of endogenous cannabinoids. While further study is required to clarify the precise processes at play and their relevance to obesity prevention and treatment, the present study does draw attention to the intricate relationship between the microbiome, nutrition, and epigenetic pathways as they pertain to metabolic health, as well as the possibility of using these pathways as therapeutic targets for the inflammation that accompanies obesity.
IL-6 (−174G>C) and Sickle Cell Disease; An Association Study.
Aim: This study investigates the relationship between IL-6 (−174G>C) gene polymorphisms and sickle cell disease (SCD) in Indian patients, exploring whether these polymorphisms influence SCD progression. Given the limited existing research on the association between IL-6 (−174G>C) polymorphisms and SCD phenotypes, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role of cytokines in disease progression. Methods:150 patients with SCD and 150 control subjects participated in this study. Genotyping of IL-6 (−174G>C) polymorphisms was performed by genomic DNA extraction followed by PCR-RFLP. The analysis of the data was done using SYSTAT (Version 13, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The G allele is significantly associated with the SCD. The chi-square test results gave a significant p-value of (0.000084). Statistically significant increase has been observed in GG genotypes of SCD patients when compared to controls (p= 0.00001). In a study on Egyptian SCD patients it was found that IL-6 –174 G>C polymorphism is associated with recurrent and severe attacks of vascular occlusion in SCD patients. In a study from north east Brazil on SCD patients it was observed that that the IL6 174 G>C polymorphism is associated with a risk of stroke in patients with SCD. In another study from Brazil no association was found between IL-6 and SCD. Conclusion: The IL-6 (−174G>C) genetic polymorphism are significantly linked to SCD progression. Further research with larger patient groups is needed to fully elucidate the role of IL-6 (−174G>C) in SCD
Sri Veda Mylamala, Varun Chaithanya Gurram, Sudhakar Godi
Advantages Of Skin Closure With Staples In Orthopedic Surgery At Mardan Medical Complex
Background: Wound closure is a fundamental aspect of surgery that impacts recovery, cosmetic outcomes, and postoperative complications. Among various closure techniques, sutures and staples are widely used, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Sutures offer precision and adaptability, while staples are valued for faster application and reduced surgical time. Despite their widespread use, comparative studies evaluating their effectiveness in orthopedic surgeries remain limited. Previous research highlights variability in outcomes such as infection rates, wound healing, and patient satisfaction across surgical settings, emphasizing the need for specialty-specific data. This study focuses on orthopedic wound closure, aiming to provide evidence-based insights for optimizing patient care. Method: This prospective observational study was conducted in the orthopedic ward of Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 120 patients undergoing surgical wound closure with either sutures or staples were included. Patients aged 22–60 years were eligible, while those with pre-existing wound infections, immune deficiencies, or incomplete medical records were excluded. Data collection involved demographic details, clinical outcomes, and postoperative follow-ups. Key parameters included skin closure time, infection rates, wound discharge, necrosis, hypertrophic scar formation, and cosmetic outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed to compare outcomes between the two groups, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant. Result: A total of 120 patients (mean age: 42 years; 68 males, 52 females) were evaluated. The mean skin closure time was significantly shorter with staples (5.2 ± 0.9 minutes) compared to sutures (12.6 ± 1.5 minutes; p < 0.0001). Complication rates, including wound infections (6.6% in sutures vs. 3.3% in staples; p = 0.647), wound discharge (3.3% in both groups; p = 1.000), and hypertrophic scar formation (3.3% in sutures vs. 1.6% in staples; p = 1.002), were comparable. Wound necrosis occurred in 1.6% of suture cases but was absent in the staples group (p = 1.000). These findings indicate that staples offer faster skin closure without increasing complication rates. Conclusion: Staples demonstrated a significant advantage in reducing skin closure time compared to sutures while maintaining comparable rates of complications such as infections and wound discharge. These results suggest that staples may be a preferable option for orthopedic wound closure, particularly in scenarios prioritizing efficiency. However, further studies are warranted to evaluate long-term outcomes and patient satisfaction comprehensively.
Dr Abdus Samad Khan, Dr Aimon Zia, Dr Anwer Ali, Dr Khalid Khan, Dr Muhammad Bilal, Prof Dr Haziq Dad Khan, Dr Saad Ali, Dr Irsa Hidayat, Dr Ammad Ali, Dr Muhammad Israr
ADVANCEMENTS IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS IN NEONATES: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Background: When treating patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs) healthcare professionals endeavor to detect these malformations before birth to improve patient results. Health outcomes for patients with CHDs improve extensively when diagnosis happens early combined with various medical disciplines providing treatment. A systematic investigation of CHD screening methods and treatment approaches for newborns forms the core subject of this study. Objectives: The study focuses on determining early diagnosis along with treatment and multidisciplinary care practices for enhancing neonatal outcomes in congenital heart defect cases. Study design: A retrospective cohort study Place and Duration of study: From June2024 to Sep 2024 Paediatrics Department, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta. Methods: The study examined postnatally obtained records from 200 neonates identified with CHDs. Research data regarding prenatal screening protocols and diagnostic imaging diagnoses were acquired from neonatal and pediatric cardiology records together with therapeutic interventions and patient results data. The evaluation used t-tests along with chi-square tests to examine potential relationships. Results: The examined patient group of 200 revealed a mean diagnosis age of 2.5 days (SD: 1.8). Forty-five percent of patients revealed critical defects and severe cases demonstrated a 30% chance of survival. Survival statistics showed that patients diagnosed early and treated through multidisciplinary care had better outcomes than those who received delayed treatment (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study demonstrates the value of prompt diagnosis combined with multiple medical expertise in treating neonates who suffer from congenital heart defects. Better patient outcomes together with improved survival rates emerge when healthcare providers establish early interventions so detection methods and treatment strategies must constantly evolve.
Saima Rayaz, Attaullah Bizenjo, Ayesha Samad Dogar, Jamal Udin, Hafiz Abdullah, Qaisre Iqbal
Surgical Site Infections Following Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery at Orthopedic Department BKMC
Objective: To evaluate the impact of age, diabetes, hypertension, and surgical site infection (SSI) on postoperative complications in surgical patients. Method: A retrospective analysis of surgical patients was conducted, assessing age, diabetes, hypertension, and SSI as potential risk factors for postoperative complications. Data were analyzed using statistical tests to determine significance levels. Result: The study found that SSI was significantly associated with surgical complications (p<0.001), whereas age, diabetes, and hypertension did not show statistically significant associations. Younger patients (20-39 years) had a higher complication rate (24%) compared to older patients (>40 years, 12.3%), though this was not significant (p=0.101). Conclusion: Surgical site infection is a critical determinant of postoperative complications, emphasizing the need for stringent infection control measures. While age, diabetes, and hypertension did not show significant associations, targeted interventions for infection prevention remain crucial. Future research should explore antimicrobial strategies and optimized perioperative care to reduce SSI-related complications.
Dr Abdus Samad Khan, Muhammad Haroon, Dr Aimon Zia, Dr Anwer Ali, Dr Khalid Khan, Dr Muhammad Bilal, Prof Dr Haziq Dad Khan , Dr Saad Ali , Dr Irsa Hidayat, Dr Ammad Ali, Dr Muhammad Israr
Pediatric Middle Ear Infections Strategies for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Background: Otitis media, or middle ear infections, are common in children and can lead to hearing impairment if left untreated. Understanding preventive measures, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment strategies is essential in minimizing its impact. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate various treatment approaches in children with middle ear infections, focusing on recurrence rates and healing periods. Study Design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of ENT, Tertiary Care Hospital, Peshawar, from June 2023 to January 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 children diagnosed with middle ear infections. Treatment options included antibiotic therapy, ear tube placement, or watchful waiting. The study measured recurrence rates, hearing test outcomes, and parent-reported symptom ratings at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-intervention. Quantitative parameters such as standard deviations and p-values were analyzed to determine the statistical significance of treatment efficacy. Results: Among the 100 children studied, those treated with antibiotics showed the fastest recovery, with a mean symptom reduction of 40% (95% CI, p < 0.001). The mean symptom reduction difference was 8, with a standard deviation of 5.2. Ear tube placement was associated with the lowest recurrence risk (20%), compared to antibiotics (35%) and watchful waiting (50%), with statistical significance at p < 0.05. Conclusion: Middle ear infections in children are treatable, and early intervention can significantly reduce recurrence rates. Antibiotic therapy provides rapid symptom relief, while ear tube placement offers the best long-term outcomes. Timely diagnosis and targeted clinical interventions are crucial in effectively managing otitis media.
Ibrar Hussain,Muhammad Jawad,Siyyar Ahmad,Abdul Aziz (
The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Managing Autoimmune Disorders in Women Implications for Gynecological Health.
Background: The function of vitamin D in the human body was found to be critical for immune regulation, and the deficiency in vitamin D has been seen to cause several autoimmune diseases; most gynecological conditions often affect women. Thus, growing evidence shows that vitamin D might be effective for immunological disorders including SLE, RA and thyroid autoimmune diseases. This paper focuses on the impact of vitamin D administration on inflammation in autoimmune disease female patients to better understand better patient outcomes as well as gynecological implications. Objectives: To assess the effect of vitamin D on disease activity in female autoimmune disease patients and to establish possible advantages of vitamin D in managing gynecologic health extenuated autoimmune complications. Study design: A Cross sectional study. Duration and place of study. The department of Obs & Gynae and Surgical Unit from jan 2023 to Dec 2023 Methods: 150 women of childrearing age with a doctor’s diagnosis of an autoimmune disease: SLE, RA, or autoimmune thyroid disease. Participants were divided into two groups: One group of patients was given 1000 IU of vitamin D daily while the others were not. DAS at 28 and vitamin D at baseline and after One Year of intervention were compared. Scoring systems were used according to SLEDAI for SLE and DAS28 for RA; results were analyzed by SPSS version 24.0. Results: 150 women consumers of vitamin D had lower disease activity scores than the control group. The mean SLEDAI score reduction for SLE was 2.3 ± 0.7 in the supplemented group, and 1.0 ± 0.6 in the controls (p=0.03). DAS28 was reduced in RA patients at the end of supplementation 1.5 ± 0.3 in the supplemented group compared with controls 0.7 ± 0.4 (p = 0.02). The level of standard deviation for disease activity was relatively low, 0.6 in the supplemented group and 0.8 in the control group, indicating that vitamin D helps to reduce the variability of the disease. Conclusion: vitamin D supplementation modulated autoimmune disease activity: implications for gynecologic disorders. It is important to learn how to maintain normal serum vitamin D concentrations in order to better treat autoimmune diseases, enhance the patient’s quality of life and strengthen the immune response. This indicates that predicting and attending to the needs of vitamin D could turn out to be a routine for females with auto-immune diseases.
Dr Hemasa Gul, Dr Nabila Khan, Dr Reema Gul, Dr Huma Gul, Dr Fatima, Prof Dr Muhammad Hussain, Dr Saad Ali, Dr Irsa Hidayat, Dr Ammad Ali, Dr Farhat Rehman
Significance of the Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in Predicting the Short-Term Outcome of Patient with Operable Gastric Carcinoma
Background: Modified Glasgow Prognostic score (mGPS) is a treatment independent, routinely available, and well standardized prognostic factor, that reflects both an ongoing systemic inflammatory response and a progressive nutritional decline in patients with advanced cancer. Considering the data scarcity in our country context, this study aimed to assess the significance of mGPS for predicting short-term outcome of operable gastric carcinoma patients in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Methodology: This observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University for 12- month period following acceptance of the protocol from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 38 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent curative surgery were included after getting informed written consent. Socio- demographic history, clinical presentation, pre-and post-operative mGPS, and in-hospital outcome were recorded. Data were collected in separate case- record form and analyzed by SPSS-26. In this study Chi-square, paired-t test, multiple response considered & one way ANOVA were used. Result: The mean age was 58.39 (±10.62 SD) years with male majority (60.5%). Abdominal pain (68.4%), weakness (68.4%), and weight loss (65.8%) were the commonest presentation. Among all patients, two patients (5.3%) died and 11patients (28.9%) developed post-operative complications, mainly Surgical site infection (10.5%), cardiac complication (2.6%), hemorrhage (2.6%), anastomotic leakage (5.3%). The percentage of patients with mGPS 0 decreases from 55.3% pre- operatively to 28.9% post-operatively, while the percentage of patients with mGPS 1 increases from 36.8% to 65.8%. Post- operative complication, especially anastomotic leakage, wound complication, and cardiac complication were associated with higher post-operative mGPS (p<0.05). Conclusion: The percentage of patients with mGPS 0 significantly decreases post-operatively, while the percentage of patients with mGPS 1 increases post-operatively. Besides, post-operative complications, especially anastomotic leakage, stomal obstruction, wound complication, and cardiac complication were associated with higher post-operative mGPS. Hence, it can be concluded that modified Glasgow Prognostic score is significant association with short-term outcome of patient with operable gastric carcinoma.
Md. Jahangir Hossain, Mohammed Rafiqul Islam, Md. Bani Amin, Samia Mubin, Samira Chowdhury, Md. Mazharul Anwar, AK Al-Miraj
The Role of Agentic AI in Next-Generation Drug Discovery and Automated Pharmacovigilance for Rare and Neurological Diseases
The world's first agentic artificial intelligence designer, established in 2016, was applied to and validated in drug discovery processes. The founders of the pioneer companies in 1994 and 2016 created nearly identical engineering principles, properties, and methods with diverse mathematical and logical variants. In design, discovery, and validation engineering, discovery engineering designs, discovers, and validates AI-managed flexible and highly selective ligands, with advantages in shaping and drug repositioning applications. The agentic AI role avoids random results of conventional AI by not creating pharmaceutically irrelevant knowledge from irregularities or artifacts in drug action data constraints. Its retrospective, when required, and forward pharmacovigilance identify unknown ligand problems and related molecular mechanisms for safe medications. Next, the candidate ligands that are already in their concepts and mechanisms of action can be free of real-world evidence at the time of being formulated as investigational new drugs or old drug license suspensions, which can remove the success delay in the ligand-to-market process and greatly diminish the winding drug discovery path of the tangible cost of drug development. The key biomedical AI potential and practical contribution to future global countries are the top-value discoveries of highly selective ligands with mechanism of action attributes returned as actual site determinants. High-value products are sold out without the need for sales costs. Their buyers are satisfied patients, clinicians, payers, and regulators. The fundamental variables that determine the compound action efficiency of all effective medicines that induce the end of disease can be modeled and individually quantified. Their common topological pathway can be predicted and validated with the experimental approach as discovery aims to create specific reactions of a single or small number of predefined chemical compounds with a single or small subset of predefined targets.
Lactate-Albumin Ratio as a Prognostic Predictor Value in Patients Mortality with Postoperative Sepsis
Background: Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality following surgical procedures despite advancements in perioperative care. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of the lactate-albumin ratio (LAR) for predicting 30-day mortality in patients with postoperative sepsis. Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 consecutive adult patients who developed sepsis within 72 hours following surgery. Serum lactate and albumin levels were measured at sepsis diagnosis, and the lactate-albumin ratio was calculated. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. The discriminatory ability of LAR was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared with lactate alone, albumin alone, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. Results: The 30-day mortality rate was 32%. Non-survivors had significantly higher lactate levels (5.8 ± 2.3 vs. 2.6 ± 1.1 mmol/L, p < 0.001), lower albumin levels (2.1 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.5 g/dL, p < 0.001), and higher LAR (2.76 ± 0.97 vs. 0.93 ± 0.35, p < 0.001) compared to survivors. LAR demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability for predicting mortality (AUC 0.912, 95% CI: 0.856-0.968), outperforming lactate alone (AUC 0.877), albumin alone (AUC 0.829), SOFA score (AUC 0.843), and APACHE II score (AUC 0.825). The optimal LAR cutoff value of 1.45 yielded 90.6% sensitivity and 83.8% specificity. In multivariate analysis, LAR >1.45 (OR 5.87, 95% CI: 2.68-12.89, p < 0.001), age ≥65 years (OR 2.54, p = 0.018), emergency surgery (OR 2.31, p = 0.035), and SOFA score (OR 1.24, p = 0.002) were independent predictors of mortality. Patients with LAR >1.45 had significantly longer ICU stays, increased mechanical ventilation duration, and higher rates of organ dysfunction. Conclusion: The lactate-albumin ratio is a simple, readily available biomarker with excellent prognostic accuracy for predicting mortality in patients with postoperative sepsis. LAR outperforms both its individual components and conventional scoring systems, making it a valuable tool for early risk stratification in this vulnerable patient population.
Md. Saiful Islam, Md. Mosarraf Hossain, Md. Abdul Malek, Nasrin Jahan, Dewan Nurul Islam, Md. Asaduzzaman, Partha Barai,
Exploring the Role of Mindfulness and Engagement in Enhancing Quality of Work life among Academicians: Insights from Kolkata’s Academic Sector
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between employee engagement, mindfulness, and quality of work-life and examined the potential predictive nature of employee engagement and mindfulness on quality of work life among academicians of Kolkata, India. A correlational research design was employed, with data collected from academicians working in colleges and universities. Standardized measures were used to assess employee engagement, mindfulness, and quality of work-life. Correlation and regression analysis were conducted to test the hypothesized relationships. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between employee engagement and overall quality of work-life, as well as specific dimensions such as general well-being, job-career satisfaction, and working conditions. Notably, the emotional and cognitive aspects of engagement demonstrated strong associations with work-life quality. Mindfulness exhibited a significant relationship with overall quality of work life and with the general well-being dimension. Both employee engagement and mindfulness emerged as a significant predictor of quality of work-life. The findings have practical implications for academic institutions, highlighting the importance of fostering employee engagement to enhance work-life quality and overall well-being among academicians. Tailored interventions and organizational support systems that promote emotional and cognitive engagement could contribute to a healthier and more productive academic workforce. This study extends the understanding of the intricate relationships between employee engagement, mindfulness, and quality of work-life within the academic population, a context that has been relatively understudied. It also contributes to the existing literature by exploring the unique challenges and demands faced by academicians, which may influence these relationships.
Comparison of Quality of Life Between Young Onset and Late Onset Parkinson's Disease
Background & purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and impair different dimensions of quality of life (QoL). The impact of Parkinson's disease on QoL may vary depending on age as onset. Knowledge regarding impact of Parkinson's disease on QoL is limited. Appropriate address dimensions of QoL. may improve QoL in PD patients. Our study is aimed to compare quality of life between young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) and late onset Parkinson's disease (LOPD). Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional in nature and involved all PD patients at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, both indoor and outdoor movement disorder clinics. A total of 122 samples were gathered during the course of the study period in order to assess the quality of life between patients with YOPD and LOPD. SPSS version 26 software was used to analyse the gathered data. Appropriate statistical instruments, such as the student's t-test, the chi-square test and Mann Whitney U test were used to do statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result: In this study we enrolled 122 PD patients (61 YOPD & 61 LOPD). The QoL was lower in our study for patients with YOPD, and there was a significant difference in the self-care (p<0.003) and anxiety/depression (p<0.001) domains. Furthermore, a noteworthy distinction was also demonstrated by the Health State Visual Analogue Scale (p<0.001), indicating that those with a YOPD had a lower overall quality of life. Patients with Parkinson's disease who live in rural locations have a lower quality of life, experience comorbidities, face wearing off, and have advanced Parkinson's disease. Conclusion: YOPD had a worse quality of life than those with LOPD and commonly experience depression.
Dr. Md. Masud Rana, Dr. Md. Sirajul Islam Prof. Dr. SK. Mahbub Alam, Dr. Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan, Dr. Sabrina Shafiq, Dr. Md. Raknuzzaman, Dr. Mehedi Hasan, Prof. Dr. Md. Bahadur Ali Miah, Prof. Dr. Hasan Zahidur Rohman, Dr. Md Rifat Zia Hossain,
ASSOCIATION OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO AND SMOKING WITH SALIVARY CATALASE AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE LEVELS IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL BIOCHEMICAL STUDY
Purpose: To estimate and correlate salivary catalase and glutathione-peroxidase levels in Chronic Periodontitis (CP) patients who are non-tobacco users, smokers and smokeless tobacco (gutkha) users & periodontally healthy subjects. Methods: The study included 120 subjects (age range: 18 to 60 years). Participants were divided into four groups: 30 healthy subjects (Group I), 30 subjects with CP (Group II), 30 smokeless tobacco (gutkha) users with CP (Group III) and 30 smokers with CP (Group IV). Clinical parameters included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI). Following this, salivary catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were estimated using UV-spectrophotometry, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Mann-Whitney U and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were used for analysis. Results: The periodontally healthy subjects demonstrated significantly higher salivary levels of CAT and GPx (an antioxidant parameter) compared to periodontitis subjects who were gutkha chewers and smokers. Pairwise comparison by the Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference in the mean levels of GPx among all groups (p < 0.05). The mean salivary levels of CAT were significantly lower in group II as compared to other groups (II<IV<III<I). The clinical parameters GI, PD and CAL among the four groups were also statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study results suggested that salivary levels of both catalase and glutathione peroxidase were found to be decreased in chronic periodontitis patients who had oral abusive habits such as smoking and gutkha chewing
Madhur , Archana Bharti Raina, Jaishree Dora, Anchal Varshney, Vijayalaxmi M Kokatnur, Shivani,
Synthesis of Some Novel Derivatives of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Agents
1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives are found to have a wide range of pharmacological activities and attracting the researchers to work on this nucleus. In this continuation of work a series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The synthesis of target compounds was performed by reaction of 2-furoic carbohydrazide (FH) or toulic hydrazide (TH) with different carboxylic acid in presence of phosphorous oxy chloride. The synthesized compound Oxa-14 exhibited the most potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.
Mrs Amrita Pathak , Ms. Neha Sahu, Vipin Kumar Tiwari, Ms. Khushi Chouksey, Ram C Dhakar, Sunil Kumar Prajapati, Deepak Kumar Jain
Development and validation of QbD approach in RP-HPLC analytical method for separation and identification of anti-tuberculosis drug Rifapentine
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) poses both a global health and economic burden. Timely treatment is essential but costly and slow. HPLC, enhanced by QbD, ensures precise drug analysis, improving efficiency and reliability in TB treatment. Objective: The present study aims to develop the QbD approach RP-HPLC method for the separation and identification of the anti-tuberculin drug rifapentine. Methodology: The current study focused on optimising RT-HPLC conditions, including the mobile phase, flow rate, and wavelength, for the analysis of rifapentine. 20 µg of rifapentine was prepared using HPLC-grade methanol. The chromatographic conditions were optimised with BBD Design Expert Software v13. Analysis was performed using a C18 reversed-phase column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm) with a diode array detector (DAD). The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and 1% orthophosphate acid (81:19, v/v), with a flow rate of 1.1 mL and an injection volume of 20 µL. The validation and data analysis were conducted at room temperature with a retention time of 5 minutes at 252 nm. Results: The developed method demonstrated linearity with r²=0.1705 and statistical significance (p<0.0001). The chromatography peal purity confirmed the absence of coeluting peaks with the rifapentine peak. The system suitability parameters, including the tailing factor and theoretical plate, were 1.15 and 7965, respectively. Additionally. The method’s validation factors were within the limits specified by ICH guidelines. Conclusion: The QbD approach for developing the rifapentine analytical method proved accurate and specific, meeting ICH regulatory norms. RP-HPLC by QbD is a reliable method that ensures validity and high-quality drug production, supports effective TB treatment, and facilitates quality checks and bulk production of the pharmaceutical formulation
Ms. Pawar Sonali D , Dr. Hemendra Pratap Singh
Computational Strategies in Anticancer Drug Discovery: Virtual Screening of Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Abstract Protein kinase CK2 is a crucial target for drug discovery due to its involvement in various cellular processes and diseases, including cancer. In this study, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to explore the binding interactions and stability of selected ligands with Zea mays CK2alpha (PDB ID: 4RLK). A library of 5000 compounds was screened using AutoDock Vina, followed by a refined docking analysis of the top 50 compounds with AutoDock. The molecular dynamics simulations, performed for 100 ns using the OPLS-2005 force field in Desmond, provided insights into the conformational stability of the protein-ligand complexes. Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), and hydrogen bonding analyses revealed the structural stability and dynamic behavior of the ligands within the active site. The results highlight key interactions, including hydrogen bonding, π-stacking, and hydrophobic interactions, contributing to ligand binding and stability. These findings provide valuable insights into potential CK2alpha inhibitors and their role in drug design.
Zainab Munawar Ali, Dr. Yuvraj Singh Sarangdevot
Evaluating Data Mesh and Traditional Data Architectures: Implications for Governance, Scalability, Cost, and Enterprise Adoption
This paper compares Data Mesh with traditional data architectures, emphasizing aspects of governance, scalability, cost, and enterprise adoption. Although conventional approaches have long been dominant, they often suffer from slow responsiveness, limited innovation at the domain level, and scalability issues. In contrast, the Data Mesh paradigm envisions a distributed framework in which multiple domain teams own their data, thereby improving data quality and manageability. This study outlines the essential characteristics of both architectures, addressing the limitations of one while highlighting the advantages of the other particularly the cost benefits and flexibility of Data Mesh when integrating diverse data sources. While the advantages of Data Mesh are clear, barriers such as skill deficiencies and the need for a cultural transformation remain. This paper discusses strategies to mitigate these barriers and recommends further empirical studies on costs, productivity, and hybrid models that combine traditional data architectures with Data Mesh principles.
Sai Yellaiah Simhadri, Lohith Kumar Deshpande
"Gamified Interactive Learning Environments: A Pathway to Enhancing Mathematical Literacy"
Mathematical literacy is a critical skill that enables individuals to interpret, analyze, and solve real-world problems. However, traditional teaching methods often fail to engage students effectively. This paper explores the impact of gamified interactive learning environments on enhancing mathematical literacy. By integrating game elements such as rewards, challenges, and adaptive learning, these environments can improve motivation, engagement, and comprehension. A review of existing literature and case studies highlights how gamification fosters conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. The study concludes that well-designed gamified environments can significantly enhance mathematical literacy and recommends further research into personalized learning strategies within these systems.
Mr. Chandrashekhar S Jajoo, Dr. Sachin Rajas
AMELIORATION OF KARSHYA (PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION) IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN BY ADJUVANT THERAPY OF KRISHNADI GRANULES WITH SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRITION UNDER INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS) SCHEME- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY
Background- Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in children is great concern in India and worldwide. India combats this grappling issue through holistic and ambitious Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS). Ayurveda is successfully utilized to manage Karshya and PEM. Thus, a novel study was designed to integrate supplementary nutrition of ICDS with Ayurvedic formulation, Krishnadi Granules (Piper longum, Withania somnifera, jaggery and cow ghee). Its adjuvant efficacy was studied in malnourished preschool children compared with only supplementary nutrition. Methods- 34 children (3-6 years age) with classical signs of Karshya and uncomplicated PEM (MAM and uncomplicated SAM) were randomized in 1:1 in study group and control groups. In this 90-days study, children were assessed fortnightly for changes in cardinal features of Karshya, anthropometric parameters and PEM gradation and laboratory parameters. Results- The children from both groups exhibited significant improvement in Karshya, with superior effect size in study group. Appetite improved in study group children with 46.7 % superiority. Also, everyone upgraded to appearance grades 0 and 1. Significant improvement in anthropometric parameters (weight, height, and Mid Arm Circumference), was observed with superiority in study group. There was 3x improvement in weight for age and 2x improvement in Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight for height scores. Significant improvement in laboratory parameters, except random blood sugar and serum transferrin in both groups was observed. Conclusion- The adjuvant treatment of Krishnadi Granules with supplementary nutrition improved Karshya and PEM grades with superior effect size. Such integration can be useful in towards mitigating PEM issue with expedite. Study Registration-CTRI/2021/01/030309
Dr. Sumod Khedekar,, Dr. Renu Rathi, Dr. Avinash Karambhe, Dr. Suraj Patlekar, Dr. Ajay Chavan
Marine Biodiversity and the blue Economy: A critical Examination of Conservation and sustainable Use
Occupying over 70% of the Earth’s surface, the oceans host a remarkable biodiversity and play a central role in the livelihoods of millions of people. Over the last few years, there has been a strong worldwide push to position the Blue Economy as a key principle for driving economic growth, creating jobs and supporting sustainable use of marine resources. The rise of the Blue Economy, however, is a double-edged sword in relation to marine biodiversity conservation. This study provides strong evidence to support for the relationship between marine diversity and Blue Economy, stressing the need to address conservation priorities within Blue Economy practices to achieve sustainable development objectives. The paper examines how activities like fisheries, aquaculture, tourism and offshore energy development affect marine ecosystems through a review of international frameworks, national policies and case studies. In addition, it explores governance mechanisms, stakeholder roles and financing models that facilitate sustainable marine development. Responses to the challenge of ensuring that the Blue Economy can contribute to both inclusive and sustainable growth have been varied, with studies finding that lack of appropriate regulation of the Blue Economy, fragmentation of governance structures and insufficient consideration of ecological constraints could make the sustainability of the Blue Economy less robust. The authors finish the paper with strategic recommendations for achieving balance between the goals of the long term sustainability of marine ecosystems, and ensuring fair and equitable economic gains for coastal and island communities.
Evaluation Of Some Haemato-Immunological Parameters In Patients With Pneumonia
Background: Prior research has shown that pneumonia illness is associated with interleukin-17 (IL-17), CD 4+, and other immunological criteria. However, it is still unclear how IL-17 and CD 4+ relate to ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Through a prospective study, this research attempts to investigate the relationships between serum levels of IL-17, CD 4+, ESR, CRP, and WBCs with the severity and prognosis in hospitalised RCU patients.‎ Methods: All 57 hospitalised patients in RCU were recruited. Serum IL-17 and CD 4+ were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ESR, CRP, and WBCs were recruited also. Results: It was noted that in all 57 patients admitted to respiratory care units in Baghdad Providence, who were included in our current research and diagnosed with pneumonia, the levels of IL-17, ESR, CRP, WBC, and neutrophil were high, while CD 4+ was low level. Conclusions: These tests can be used to diagnose patients with pneumonia because there is a close relationship between them.
Ali S. Kadhim*, Ahmed K. Atya, Alla NH. AL-Waheeb
Holistic Management of Cardiovascular Disease: Ayurvedic Principles and Therapeutic Intervention
According to Acharya Sushruta, the presence of causative factors causes doshas to become unbalanced and aggravated, which causes them to depart from their proper locations and impact the rasa dhatu (body lymph). Various forms of pain known as Hridbadha or Hridroga are the manifestation of this imbalance. With around 18 million deaths annually, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is a major modern health issue that is quickly overtaking all other causes of death worldwide. Formerly, cardiac ailments were predominantly observed in the elderly. Cardiac diseases have become increasingly prevalent among younger individuals as a result of changes in diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Fortunately, modern medicine offers a range of advanced treatments for patients with cardiac diseases. However, it is important to note that these treatments may not be accessible to all individuals. In contrast, Ayurveda provides numerous drugs, medicinal preparations such as rasayana pathya and apathya, and various yoga techniques that have remarkable curative and preventive effects on cardiac diseases. Furthermore, given the universal need for good health, all branches of Ayurveda can cooperate. Despite significant advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic cardiology, millions of individuals succumb to heart disease annually. Heart disorders, from a modern perspective, are not exclusively confined to the concept of Hridroga in Ayurveda. However, they are extensively dispersed across the description of numerous different illnesses. Ayurveda, with its potential to address this growing gap, should undergo thorough testing to determine its rationale, potential, and evidence-based applications in order to fully utilize its capabilities. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the current literature on Hridroga and then explores the management and potential preventive actions for Hridroga using Ayurveda.
Dharmesh Chauhan, Hemant Toshikhane, Anitha H, Misbah Rangwala, Harish Daga
A Study Examining The Feasibility Of Integrating Solar Panels With Sensors To Measure Heat Generation In Conjunction With Energy From Renewable Sources
It can occur that renewable energy sources can provide adequate electricity for both the present and the future. This study aims to provide a bibliometric overview of the state of research on solar panels and renewable energy in Scopus, a global index of scientific papers. This study's conclusions were derived via a bibliographic examination. Data visualization and analysis are also provided by the researcher. Evaluate search results with the help of the VOS Viewer app and the Scopus tool. This analysis included the review of 1,598 papers that were published between 1989 and 2020. The study claims that when compared to other universities and countries, China's National University is at the forefront of research into renewable energy and solar panels. The majority of the published literature on renewable energy and solar panels came from the energy and engineering fields. These portions of the exam were the most important. Eight group maps covering the whole globe were made possible by the combined efforts of scholars. The purpose of this research was to gather all scholarly articles published over the last 32 years that discussed solar panels and renewable energy sources and to create a bibliography of them. An abbreviation called SERMPTE was used to organize the data. It stands for Sunlight, Energy, Restoration, Leadership, Technology, and the Environment.
A Study To Examine Single-Variable Feyman Diagrams Utilising Differential Reduction Of Hypergeometric Functions
This article uses Feynman diagrams as a framework to study the application of differential reduction methods to generalised hypergeometric functions in a one-variable setting. When assessing Feynman integrals, it is common practice to use generalised hypergeometric functions. These functions are fundamental to quantum field theory since they are used to calculate scattering amplitudes and other physical variables. Cutting down on the number of variables used in integrals from multiples to one may help make computations and analyses more efficient. Our study sheds light on the fundamental procedures and mathematical transformations required to accomplish this reduction by carefully analysing the methods. The approaches increase the practical applicability of theoretical physics, and we demonstrate this by presenting specific examples of how these methods simplify the calculation of Feynman diagrams. Based on these findings, differential reduction has the potential to become an invaluable resource in several branches of computer mathematics and high-energy physics.
An Analysis Of The Distinction Between Deep Learning And Machine Learning
Machine learning and deep learning, two cutting-edge areas of computer science, are making huge waves in the corporate sector. Machine learning refers to the process of instructing computers and other devices to draw conclusions from past data or actions by analyzing examples stored in their memory. To train and learn from unstructured data, deep learning applies methods and techniques from artificial neural networks, which is a subfield of machine learning. This makes it possible to learn from disorganized data. Data utilization and management strategies that are highly automated and technologically sophisticated are urgently needed so that the researchers can make sense of the ever-increasing mountain of data. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) software is investigated extensively in this study. This research provides a foundational overview of ML and DL. Following this, researchers go into the most popular methods and approaches in domains where technical progress has opened new possibilities. To wrap things off, The researchers provide a commercial perspective on the two most popular ML and DL applications.
A Study Of The Accounting Regarding Stock-Based Payment Methods
A statistical analysis of a subset of publicly listed firms' stock-based compensation program data is presented here. The impact of FASB and IFRS 2 on financial measures and reported costs is being evaluated by researchers. The differences in earnings per share (EPS), the overall fair value of the stock options awarded, and the reported compensation expenditures are important factors to evaluate. The study's authors use regression analysis to investigate the connection between the various fair value determination techniques and the stated variation in compensation expenditure. Based on the research, companies that used option pricing procedures like Black-Scholes to calculate their worth reported significantly higher expenditures. A company's apparent profitability might be affected by an increase in compensation expenditures, as there is a statistically significant negative link between EPS and stock-based compensation expenditures. The study also shows that investor responses, as measured by stock price volatility, relate to the degree of transparency about stock-based remuneration. Stock prices tend to level out when investors feel more secure because of more transparent regulations, according to the research. The significance of having strong valuation methodology and clear reporting standards for accounting for stock-based remuneration is highlighted by the findings of this study. Accounting rules and the confidence of stakeholders in financial reporting might both benefit from more knowledge.
A Research Project Investigating The Viability Of Using Solar Panels Integrated With Sensors To Quantify Heat Generation Alongside Renewable Energy Sources
Renewable energy sources may be able to provide enough power for today and tomorrow. The purpose of this work is to survey the solar panel and renewable energy research landscape in Scopus, an international index of scientific articles, from a bibliometric perspective. Bibliographic analysis formed the basis of this study's findings. The researcher also provide data visualization and analysis. Using the VOS Viewer app in conjunction with the Scopus tool to assess the search results. Researchers looked through 1,598 publications published between 1989 and 2020 for this investigation. According to the report, China's National University is leading the way in studying solar panels and renewable energy compared to other nations and colleges. The energy and engineering disciplines produced the bulk of the published works concerning solar panels and renewable energy. The test's most crucial sections were these. The collaborative work of academics resulted in the creation of eight worldwide group maps. This study set out to compile a bibliography of every academic publication addressing solar panels and renewable energy that has appeared in the previous 32 years. Sunlight, Energy, Restoration, Leadership, Technology, and the Environment (SERMPTE) was the acronym used to organize the data.
An examination of the variation between deep learning and machine learning.
A growing number of companies are recognizing the commercial potential of machine learning and deep learning, two cutting-edge areas of computer science. The term "machine learning" describes the steps used to train computers and other devices to draw conclusions from past data or actions by referring to previously stored instances. A subfield of machine learning, deep learning trains and learning from unstructured data using algorithms and approaches based on artificial neural networks. Because of this, learning may occur even with disorganized material. There is an immediate need for data utilization and management strategies that are technologically sophisticated and highly automated if researchers are to make sense of the ever-increasing data mountain. In this paper, the researchers provide the results of exhaustive research of the ML and DL software. The research is a primer on machine learning and deep learning basics. The following section delves into the most popular methods and approaches in disciplines that have been made possible by technological progress. Finally, the two most common ML and DL applications are discussed from a commercial perspective.
A Study To Investigate One-Variable Feyman Diagrams Based On Differential Reduction Of Hypergeometric Functions
Applying differential reduction techniques to generalised hypergeometric functions in a one-variable situation is examined in this article using Feynman diagrams as a framework. It is standard practice to employ generalised hypergeometric functions for evaluating Feynman integrals. Because of their central role in computing scattering amplitudes and other physical variables, these functions are fundamental to quantum field theory. One way to improve computational and analytical efficiency is to reduce the number of variables used in integrals from several to one. The basic processes and mathematical transformations needed to achieve this reduction are illuminated by our analysis, which thoroughly examines the approaches. By providing concrete instances that show how these methods streamline the computation of Feynman diagrams, we prove that these methods expand the real-world relevance of theoretical physics. The results suggest that differential reduction might emerge as a powerful tool in several areas of computer mathematics and high-energy physics.
An Investigation Of English Professionals And Students From China At The University Level; Focuses On Enhancing Learner Self-Determination, Tesol Material Improvement, And Reflective Teaching Practices
The relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructors and their Chinese students was the subject of a recent study. A concise synopsis of the investigation is the goal of this abstract. The primary goals of the project are to investigate reflective pedagogy, create TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) tools, and empower students. Finding ways to strengthen EFL programs at Chinese universities, for the benefit of both students and instructors, is the overarching goal of this project. Quantitative survey data was combined with qualitative classroom observations and interviews as part of this study's mixed-methods technique. Learner autonomy among Chinese college students is the primary focus of the study's first portion. Finding out what makes EFL students proactive in class and how to encourage student agency in certain types of classrooms is the main purpose of the research. Creating TESOL resources for use in Chinese colleges is the focus of the second part. It looks at new ways of making resources that fit students' needs and goals while also evaluating the effectiveness of current materials. In Part 3, the researcher explore how English faculty members at Chinese universities perform reflective pedagogy. It delves into the ways in which educators assess their own efficacy, reflect on and improve their own teaching practices, and adapt their lessons to the unique requirements of their pupils. Through an analysis of these interrelated factors, this research adds to the ongoing conversation about EFL programs at Chinese colleges and provides useful information for enhancing EFL teaching and student outcomes. In order to improve the quality of EFL teaching in comparable educational contexts, the results are anticipated to influence pedagogical methods, curriculum creation, and professional development programs.
An Examination Of English Professionals And Students From China At The University Level, Concentrating On The Enhancement Of Learner Self-Determination, The Improvement Of Tesol Materials, And The Implementation Of Reflective Methods Of Instruction
Researchers have looked at the dynamics between EFL teachers and their Chinese pupils. The purpose of this abstract is to provide a brief overview of the study. Exploring reflective pedagogy, developing TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) resources, and enhancing student agency are the main project objectives. The main objective of this project is to discover strategies to improve English as a Foreign Language (EFL) programs at colleges in China. The targeted audience consists of both students and teachers. Part of the mixed-methods approach used in this research was the combination of quantitative survey data with qualitative classroom observations and interviews. In the first section of the research, the main emphasis is on the independence of Chinese college students as learners. It is the primary goal of this study to identify the factors that motivate EFL students to take an active role in class and to identify strategies for fostering student agency in certain classroom settings. Part 2 emphasizes the development of TESOL materials for use in Chinese universities. Evaluation of existing materials and exploration of new approaches to resource creation that better meet the requirements and objectives of students are both part of the program. Part 3 delves at the ways in which reflective pedagogy is used by English faculty members in Chinese universities. This study contributes to the continuing discussion over English as a Foreign Language (EFL) programs at Chinese universities by analyzing these interconnected aspects; it also offers helpful information for improving EFL instruction and student results.
An Analysis Of Accounting For Stock-Based Remuneration Systems
This study examines the stock-based compensation plans of a sample of publicly traded companies from a statistical perspective. Financial metrics and reported expenses are two areas that academics assess considering FASB and IFRS 2. Important considerations include the disclosed compensation costs, the total fair value of the issued stock options, and the fluctuations in EPS. Using regression analysis, the researchers investigate the correlation between various fair value assessment techniques and the reported variability of compensation expenditures. When researchers compared businesses that used various valuation methods, Researchers found that those that used option pricing models, such as Black-Scholes, reported much greater expenditures. A company's apparent profitability might be affected by an increase in compensation expenditures, as there is a statistically significant negative link between EPS and stock-based compensation expenditures. The degree of openness about stock-based compensation is also correlated with investor reactions as measured by stock price volatility in student’s research. When investors have less uncertainty because of better disclosure rules, stock prices stabilize, according to the study. Accounting for stock-based compensation requires transparent reporting requirements and robust valuation methodologies, according to this study's conclusions. Gains in understanding could be seen in accounting standards and the trust that stakeholders have in financial reporting.
Investigation And Development Of Compensation Strategies For Reducing Data Error Expenses Through The Examination Of Different Error Categories
Because data mistakes may have serious negative effects on companies, finding a way to equalize data error rates is a crucial topic of study. Data processing errors come in many forms, and this article delves into those forms to help readers design an equalizations strategy to deal with them. In their first section, the writers distinguish between random mistakes and systematic errors, the two most common forms of processing errors in data. A larger sample size or more precise measuring methods might lessen the impact of random errors, which are mistakes that happen by chance. In contrast, systematic errors are those that happen repeatedly and might have several causes, including but not limited to equipment failure, calibration mistakes, or bias in the data gathering procedure. To deal with systematic inaccuracies, the authors suggest an equalizations strategy that entails finding and fixing the data sources that are inaccurate. Analyzing the data for trends or patterns that might point to systematic problems and then using the right corrective methods to lessen their impact is what this method is all about. The authors show that their equalizations method works by conducting a battery of tests using both theoretical and practical data. The equalizations method greatly decreased data error rates in these trials, allowing for more precise and trustworthy conclusions. All things considered, the essay does a great job of explaining the various data processing issues and how to fix them using an equalizations method. Organizations may boost their performance and achieve more success by enhancing the data quality and decision-making capabilities via the reduction of error rates.
Miao Congjin, Muhammad Ezanuddin Abdul Aziz
Research And Design Of A Compensation Strategies Regarding Limiting Data Error Costs By Evaluation Of Various Error Types
Organizations may suffer greatly from data mistakes, hence it's crucial that researchers find a way to equalize data errors so that they occur less often. This article delves into the many kinds of data processing errors and how to fix them using an equalizations technique. The authors start by classifying data processing mistakes into two broad categories: random and systematic. Improving measuring procedures or increasing the sample size might decrease the occurrence of random errors, which are mistakes caused by chance. However, there are several potential sources of systematic mistakes, such as equipment breakdown, calibration flaws, or data collecting bias, which manifest as errors that recur repeatedly. The authors suggest an equalizations strategy to deal with systematic mistakes; this strategy entails finding and fixing the data sources that cause inaccuracy. This method entails looking for trends or patterns in the data that might point to systematic mistakes, and then using the right corrective tools to fix them. By conducting a battery of tests with both synthetic and real-world data, the authors prove that their equalizations method works. Results were more accurate and trustworthy since the equalizations method drastically cut down on data errors in these trials. In sum, the essay sheds light on the many data processing mistake kinds and suggests a workable equalizations method for fixing them. Organisations may boost their performance and achieve greater success if they lower their mistake rates, which improves the data quality and allows them to make better judgments.
An Examination Of A First-Year Kindergarten Teachers' Opinions And Execution Of Diverse Skills Programs For An Online Kindergarten
A first-year online kindergarten teacher's use of several literacies in lesson planning is the focus of this quantitative research. Data was collected employing a quantitative method approach via surveys and evaluations of lesson plans. The emphasis was on digital, visual, and cognitive literacies. Thirty online kindergarten courses were assessed for reading skills and teaching methods over the period of one semester. The frequency with which teachers used tasks requiring different literacies was highly correlated with their conceptual knowledge, according to statistical studies. Comparing conventional methods with ones that included several literacies resulted in a 25% improvement in class participation evaluations. Helping first-year teachers have a good grasp of diverse literacies, especially in digital environments, is vital, according to the research. It would seem that the instructor's theoretical understanding and inconsistent actual implementation are in conflict with one another. These findings highlight the need for targeted education programs that provide first-year teachers with tools to create interesting online lessons. By highlighting the significance of different literacies in the development of successful online learning settings, this research adds to the continuing conversation about preschool education. Conducting further study with bigger samples and a broader variety of situations will greatly benefit first-year instructors in their professional development and curriculum creation efforts.
A Consultation On The Role Of Computers In Online Criminal Investigation For Company During Disasters And Cyber Crises: A Thorough Analysis
The field of digital forensics is vital for the investigation and analysis of digital evidence in the pursuit of criminal activity. Due to the ever-increasing amount and complexity of digital data, computers have become indispensable in digital forensics. Focusing on topics like evidence collection, processing, and presentation, the author of this piece will examine the many ways computers have aided digital forensics. Forensic investigators may now collect, store, and analyze digital evidence more effectively because to increases in processing power. The expansion of networked devices and advancements in data storage and retrieval have presented both opportunities and challenges for digital forensics experts. Computing technologies like as data recovery, forensic analysis software, and machine learning are highlighted in this paper as essential for enhancing the effectiveness and accuracy of investigations. Plus, it explores the role of computers in digital forensics as well as its legal and ethical dimensions. To combat cyber dangers and guarantee the veracity of digital investigations, this research emphasizes the need of interdisciplinary cooperation and ongoing technological advancements by elucidating the mutually beneficial relationship between computers and digital forensics. The study is based on the idea that computers may be useful in digital forensics. All of these industries are embracing digitalization as a way to run their businesses in an increasingly digital environment. The speed and efficiency of business processes have been substantially enhanced by digitalization. To take advantage of digitization, all the need is a computer or any other kind of technology.
In order to gain an efficient and more refined understanding of the architectures of next-generation computer memories, making use of emerging non-volatile memories and modeling techniques are necessary.
Energy efficiency is given a high level of importance in the design of computer systems that are based on modern methodologies. There is a widespread idea that the amount of leakage rises exponentially with the size of the CMOS processing technology. The reason for this is because the traditional CMOS scaling theory stipulates that the threshold and supply voltages should be decreased in proportion to the size of the device. The reason for this is because modern approaches regard leaky power to be a competitor to dynamic power. In the absence of a wave of new technology that has the potential to radically alter the game, the problem of power budget leakage never be able to be entirely resolved. There have been a number of notable new advances that have taken place within the field of non-volatile memory technology. These improvements are discussed more below. Examples of popular examples of current non-volatile memories include "ReRAM," "PCRAM," and "Spin-Torque-Transfer Random Access Memory" (MRAM, STTRAM). These types of memories have desirable characteristics such as low access energy, high cell compactness, and excellent access performance. These recollections are made up of combinations of all of these characteristics. Therefore, it is wonderful that these new technologies for non-volatile memory are being used in the creation of future computers that are not only powerful but also efficient in terms of the amount of energy that they consume. Because these fresh non-volatile memory technologies are still in the research and development phase, further academic study is necessary in order to establish their applicability. This is because the aforementioned technologies are continually evolving.
Xiong Qiangqiang, Muhammad Ezanuddin Abdul Aziz
Teacher Perceptions And Methodologies In Vocational University Language Teaching For Particular Objectives
This article's data comes from a qualitative case study approach. The study's overarching goal is to fill gaps in students’ knowledge of classroom teachers' worldviews, how those worldviews play out in their day-to-day work, and the impact that student feedback has on those worldviews. Six English teachers from the three technical high schools in the Majenang area participated in the study. The data was collected using a variety of methods, including classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and note-taking during talks. Next, the data was organized into meaningful categories. For whatever reason, the public often conflates the roles of English teachers in vocational and regular high schools, thinking that they teach the same curriculum. The unique collection of abilities and expertise needed by ESP teachers is the root cause of this problem. The results of this research show how difficult it may be for educators to experiment with new methods of instruction. The conclusion backs up these claims. There may be a disconnect between classroom learning and real-world application due to factors such as the amount of students enrolled, the amount of work, the textbook's incompatibility, and the demands of each individual student.
An Analysis Of A First-Year Kindergarten Teacher's Perceptions And Implementation Of Various Skills Programs For An Online Kindergarten
This study employs a quantitative approach to examine the ways in which a first-year online kindergarten instructor plans lessons using several literacies. Through surveys and assessments of lesson plans, data was collected using a quantitative method approach, with a focus on digital, visual, and critical literacies. Over the course of a semester, thirty online kindergarten classes were evaluated for literacy components and instructional approaches. Statistical research revealed that instructors' conceptual understanding was significantly related to the frequency with which they employed activities requiring various literacies. Class participation assessments showed a 25% improvement when compared traditional techniques to those that included many literacies. Based on the findings, it is essential to help first-year teachers have a solid understanding of various literacies, particularly in digital settings. It seems that the teacher's theoretical knowledge is at odds with their inconsistent practical application. These results stress the necessity for specialized training programs that provide first-year educators with resources to design engaging online courses. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on early childhood education by bringing attention to the importance of various literacies in planning effective online learning environments. The best way to help first-year teachers with professional development and curriculum construction is to conduct future research with larger samples and a wider range of scenarios.
An examination of the impact of computing on educational methodologies and their implications for industry and culture
Based on research, this dissertation subject focusses on the many individuals, including politicians, investors, and others, who have contributed to the development, criticism, and study of the educational potential of information and communication technology (ICT). The use of constructivist pedagogy in combination with information and communication technology has been shown to be the most effective method with which to use these technologies. Before information and communication technology may be completely integrated, there are many steps that need to be followed. As a result of the key role that they play in facilitating the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT), teachers are often held accountable for the ineffective integration of ICT in the classroom. The purpose of this project is to educate, empower, and motivate educators to use information and communication technology (ICT) into their teaching techniques. This project is built on a professional development approach that is based on research. For the effective use of information and communication technology (ICT), it is vital to have a professional development program that focusses only on the components of ICT that are relevant to educators.
Study into the architectures of next-generation computer memories by making use of emerging non-volatile memories and modelling techniques
A contemporary approach to the design of computer systems puts a priority on energy economy. It is a widely held belief that leakage increases exponentially with smaller CMOS technology. This is due to the fact that standard CMOS scaling theory dictates that threshold and supply voltages are lowered in proportion to device sizes. Because of this, contemporary methods consider leaky power to be a rival to dynamic power. Without a wave of revolutionary technology that can completely change the game, the issue of power budget leakage never be able to be overcome. Within the realm of non-volatile memory technology, there have been a number of significant new advancements that have taken place. "ReRAM," "PCRAM," and "Spin-Torque-Transfer Random Access Memory" (MRAM, STTRAM) are some examples of popular examples of modern non-volatile memories that have desired properties such as low access energy, high cell compactness, and great access performance. These memories consist of a combination of these qualities. Therefore, it is excellent that these new technologies for non-volatile memory are used in the construction of future computers that are not only powerful but also efficient in terms of energy consumption. Due to the fact that these new non-volatile memory technologies are still in the research and development phase, further academic research is required in order to demonstrate their utility. Due to this, this study investigates three different approaches that may be used to facilitate the development of these new types of non-volatile memory. The first step is to create models of a few different types of nonvolatile memory, which include their space requirements, power consumption, and performance at the circuit level.
A Discussion Regarding The Function Of Computers In Online Criminal Investigation For Companies During Disasters And Cyber Crises: An Exhaustive Research
When looking at technology-based evidence of wrongdoing, the area of digital forensics is crucial. Computers are now essential in digital forensics because of the massive and complicated nature of digital data. This article will explore the many ways computers have helped digital forensics, with a focus on evidence gathering, processing, and presentation. Improvements in computing power have made it easier for forensic investigators to gather, store, and evaluate digital evidence. Opportunities and difficulties have arisen for digital forensics professionals due to the proliferation of networked devices and developments in data storage and retrieval. Data recovery, forensic analysis tools, and machine learning are some of the computing technologies that this study emphasizes as crucial for improving the efficiency and precision of investigations. In addition, it delves into the ethical and legal aspects of digital forensics and the part computers play in this field. By clarifying the mutually advantageous link between computers and digital forensics, this study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and continued technical improvements in combating cyber threats and guaranteeing the accuracy of digital investigations. The hypothesis that computers may have a place in digital forensics is the foundation of the research. In order to stay competitive in today's digital economy, all of these sectors are adopting digitization. As a result of digitization, corporate operations are now more faster and more efficient. All that is required to benefit from digitization is a technological device, such as a computer.
An Investigation Of The Effects Of Computing On Educational Practices And Their Ramifications For Business And Culture
This research-based dissertation project focusses on the many players, including politicians, investors, and others, who have contributed to the advancement, critique, and examination of the educational potential of information and communication technology (ICT). Research indicates that the optimal use of ICT requires a combination of constructivist pedagogy and information and communication technologies. There are still several components involved in the integration of ICT. The inadequate integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in the classroom is often ascribed to teachers due to their crucial role in facilitating its successful implementation. This initiative aims to educate, empower, and motivate educators to use information and communication technology (ICT) into their teaching practices, grounded on a research-based professional development plan. The effective integration of information and communication technology (ICT) necessitates a professional development program that focusses only on the teacher-related dimensions of ICT.
A Research Study To Demonstrate The Effect Of Economic And Demographic Data Inequalities On Healthcare Usage And Assessments In The Older People
In the current climate of fast and ubiquitous urbanization, worries over the decrease and aging of the population pose severe threats to sustainability. From this vantage point, their interface is justified by (a) discussing new interventions to make the most of the opportunities and (b) mitigating the threats to sustainability that shrinking urban populations and ageing populations pose to achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Researchers must undertake a myriad of environment-specific technical, economic, institutional, and governance initiatives if researchers are to enjoy the benefits and avoid the hazards of an urban population that is becoming older without sacrificing long-term sustainability. The ability to access resources and data online is rapidly becoming fundamental to modern living. This study examines the impact of Internet access on health inequities across various socioeconomic categories using the WHO Health Equity Analysis Toolkit (HEAT) and cross-country panel data. Studies show that overall health is improved, and health disparities are reduced when more people have access to the internet. Further, this study examines the social and economic factors that influence healthcare access by making use of GBD database data from throughout the world. In instance, having access to the internet considerably improves healthcare accessibility while simultaneously reducing the negative effects of economic disparity.
Yin Chao, Idris Adewale Ahmed, Joo Jie Ching
An Experimental Investigation Into The Influence Of Social Media Marketing On Consumer Buying Characteristics For Corresponding Goods
Here the researcher take a look at how social media ads influence consumers' preferences for similar products in a digital context where the link between ads and purchases is always shifting. One of the most important ways for businesses to reach consumers nowadays is via social media. This is because users can engage with brands in a more personal and engaging way through influencer endorsements, targeted ads, and user-generated content. The data for this research came from a survey that was sent out to 1,612 people, and it used cross-sectional quantitative methods. For a more in-depth look at how social media ads affect consumers' preferences, the researcher also examined using factor analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Therefore, the study's findings support the hypothesis that social media ads do in fact influence customer preferences, namely because seeing personalized ads makes people feel like they're getting a distinct product. Despite already-saturated marketplaces, findings demonstrate that customer engagement via interesting content and community-driven interactions may boost sales. In addition to the obvious benefits of increased exposure and consumer loyalty, well-adapted businesses to the new medium also reap the rewards of the unprecedented usage of these platforms to research products and verify purchases. In addition to expanding the understanding of how social media influences consumer behavior, this study provides actionable guidance for advertisers looking to stand out in a crowded marketplace. This study sets the stage for future investigations into the digital marketing environment by shedding light on the processes by which social media advertising influences customer decisions.
An Experimental Study Examining The Impact Of Social Media Marketing On Consumer Purchasing Behaviors For Related Products
In the context of digital advertising, where the link between adverts and purchases is ever-changing, this research looks at how social media commercials influence buyers' choices for similar things. These days, businesses can't afford to ignore social media as a means of reaching out to consumers. This is due to the fact that influencer endorsements, targeted advertisements, and user-generated content allow for a more intimate and interesting interaction between businesses and their target audiences. The researchers employed cross-sectional quantitative methodologies to analyze survey data from 1,612 participants. The researcher also looked at utilizing factor analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to get a better look at how social media marketing impact customers' choices. The results provide credence to the idea that social media commercials do affect consumer tastes; this is due to the fact that targeted advertisements give the impression of receiving a unique product. Results show that consumer involvement via engaging content and community-driven interactions may increase purchases, even in oversaturated markets. Businesses that have adapted to the new medium not only enjoy the advantages of more visibility and customer loyalty, but they also profit from the unprecedented use of these platforms to research items and verify transactions. This research does double duty: it deepens the knowledge of the ways social media impacts consumer behavior and it gives marketers practical advice for making their ads stand out. This study lays the groundwork for further research into the digital marketing landscape by explaining how social media ads affect consumers' purchasing choices.
A Research To Analyze Student Educational Assessment Using Virtual Reality Technologies
The overarching objective of this study is to synthesize existing studies on the topic of student internet usage and its effect on academic achievement. The primary goal of this research was to identify the elements that influence children's online behavior. Additionally, this study aims to assess the breadth of students' online activity and the variety of ways they use the internet. A number of academic articles were combed through by the investigator. The online actions of students are crucial to each of the aspects that have been studied. In nine of the research, the frequency of students' internet usage was examined, whereas fourteen studies examined the means by which students gained access to the internet. Only publications addressing matters directly relevant to universities were taken into consideration for inclusion. Thanks to online resources, students may now easily access academic publications and articles that were previously unavailable via traditional library methods. Students' scholastic success improved significantly when their internet use increased. Children who spend too much time on social media may struggle to concentrate on their studies, according to research. Consequently, it was suggested that the school's leadership implement specific rules to assist pupils in managing the difficulties they have while engaging with data found online.
A Research Study On Student Educational Assessment Through Advancements In Virtual Reality Technology
This research aims to fill a gap in the current literature by reviewing studies that have examined the relationship between students' internet use and their academic performance. Finding out what factors affect students' internet usage patterns was the main goal of this study. In addition to gauging the variety of students' internet use, this research aims to ascertain the scope of their online activity. The investigator perused a multitude of scholarly journals. All of the factors that were considered depend on how students use the internet. Although fourteen of the studies looked at how students got online, nine of them looked at how often students utilized the internet. The inclusion requirements were strictly enforced, and only articles directly related to higher education were considered. Students now have access to academic journals and papers online that were previously very difficult, if not impossible, to gain via conventional library resources. The more time students spent online, the better they did in school. Excessive use of social media by kids could divert their attention away from their schoolwork, according to the study. Consequently, a proposal was made for the university administration to establish guidelines to help students cope with online challenges.
A Study Project To Illuminated The Impact Of The Economic And Demographic Information Inequalities On Medical Services Utilization And Assessments In The Elderly
With the world experiencing such fast and widespread urbanization, worries about population decrease and aging pose severe threats to sustainability in the long run. This perspective provides a rationale for their partnership by (a) recognizing the opportunities and challenges that ageing and shrinking urban populations present to attaining the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and (b) exploring novel approaches to capitalise on opportunities and reduce risks to sustainability. Countless technical, economic, institutional, and governance initiatives, each one designed for a specific setting, will be required to take advantage of and protect against the negative effects of an urban population that is becoming older without sacrificing long-term sustainability. These days, it's hard to imagine modern living without the internet and all the resources it provides. Using cross-national panel data using the World Health Organization's Health Equity Analysis Toolkit (HEAT), this study examines the relationship between Internet access and health inequities by socioeconomic status. The study shows that having internet access greatly improves overall health and reduces health disparities. Furthermore, this study examines the social and economic factors that influence healthcare access using GBD database data from various nations. In instance, having access to the internet both lessens and greatly improves the detrimental effects of wealth disparity on healthcare accessibility.
Teachers' Attitudes And Practices In Educational University Language Direction For Particular Objectives
The data used to compile this paper came from a qualitative case study methodology. In order to better understand how instructors’ approach and think about teaching English in professional contexts, how these ideas and sentiments manifest in their daily work, and how student feedback changes their pedagogical philosophies, this research primarily aims to provide students with more information about these topics. Participants in the study were six English teachers from the three technical high schools in the Majenang area. Several techniques were used to get the information, such as conducting semi-structured interviews, observing classes, and taking notes during discussions. Next, the information was categorized according to its use. Many mistakenly believe that an ESP (English for Specific Purposes) teacher at a regular high school and an English teacher in a vocational high school are interchangeable. This is because ESP teachers need a unique combination of skills and expertise. This research highlights the potential difficulties that instructors may face while attempting to implement new teaching methods. The outcome lends credence to these claims. Several variables, such as the amount of students enrolled, the workload, textbook incompatibility, and the individual needs of each student, could contribute to the gap between classroom learning and real-world application.
Exploring Perceptions and Attitudes of University Students towards Acid Attack Survivors: A Psychosocial Analysis
The present research aims to investigate the psychological variables influencing the perceptions and attitudes of university students in Delhi NCR towards acid attack survivors. The study employed qualitative research to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Psychological variables such as empathy, social stigma, media influence and cultural factors were examined to unravel the complex dynamics shaping students’ perspectives. By exploring these variables, the research intended to contribute valuable insights that can inform interventions and educational programs aimed at fostering empathy, reducing stigma and promoting inclusivity for acid attack survivors within university settings. The researcher gathered data from the student’s body of university, ensuring a comprehensive and representative dataset for analysis. The research study culminates in its findings through a meticulous application of data collection methodologies, specifically employing the Focus Group Discussions and Thematic Analysis. The study included a cohort of 20 randomly selected students. The participants responses were systematically recorded following a photographic presentation and exposure to documentary videos on acid attacks post the collection of data. The detailed study of psychological factors affecting University students’ perceptions and attitudes toward acid attack survivors has provided valuable insights. The discovered insights provide a robust basis for targeted interventions and educational initiatives to be taken at the University level. This helped in motivating students to proactively engage in initiatives aimed at reducing stigma and preventing acid attacks. Thus, fostering a culture of empathy, awareness and social responsibility within the academic community.
Ankita Dalal, Dr. Indu Bala and Prof. Rajesh Nair
Alcohol Use in Northeast India: A Sociocultural Perspective
The sociocultural background of Northeast India features a long-lasting connection to alcohol consumption. The traditional way of consumption of alcohol is part of the regional and cultural heritage and also it is ingrained in the social customs. This paper reviews alcohol use patterns in Northeast India by studying both cultural elements as well as societal factors that affect drinking practices and their subsequent social effects. Furthermore, the study investigates how socioeconomic factors like age, gender, caste, religion, employment, and livelihood influence drinking patterns. Understanding the effects of culturally responsive policy initiatives is a critical gap in research, especially in areas like data availability, public awareness, and policy enforcement. There is a dearth of research on the efficiency of current laws, the contribution of community involvement to alcohol management, and the availability of culturally sensitive intervention programs. This review guides researchers to safeguard public health while respecting the cultural traditions of Northeast India.
Utilization of Physiologically based Biopharmaceutical Modelling and Simulations for Proposed Dissolution Specifications of Acetazolamide ER Capsules 500 mg
This study investigates the application of physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) to propose revised dissolution specifications for Acetazolamide Extended Release (ER) Capsules 500 mg which were different from the currently approved specifications. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which is utilized in the treatment of glaucoma and epilepsy, where extended-release formulations are designed to ensure sustained therapeutic levels.The research leverages PBBM to simulate gastrointestinal transit, drug release, and absorption dynamics, integrating comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and pharmacokinetic data. The model is meticulously calibrated and validated using existing clinical pharmacokinetic profiles. A range of dissolution profiles is simulated to determine optimal specifications that better align with in vivo performance compared to the approved standards.Results indicate that the proposed revised dissolution specifications demonstrate a closer correlation with in vivo drug release and absorption patterns, suggesting potential improvements in bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This study underscores the utility of PBBM in regulatory frameworks, offering a scientifically robust approach to revising dissolution specifications and ensuring enhanced drug quality and patient outcomes.
Role Of Navratri Upvasa In Modulating Oxidative Stress: An Interventional Study
Background Ayurveda recommends fasting as a Langhana therapy, which promotes lightness in the body. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, leading to cellular damage, chronic diseases, and aging. Studies suggest that fasting reduces oxidative stress, enhances metabolism, and extends lifespan. Religious fasting, commonly observed during seasonal transitions and is believed to detoxify and rejuvenate the body. To evaluate the impact of Navratri fasting on oxidative stress, an interventional study was conducted by assessing Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, along with Stress Index (SI) and Protective Index (PI). Methods A randomized controlled trial included healthy participants divided into two groups: Navratri Upvasa and Control. Oxidative stress was evaluated using MDA levels, while antioxidant defense was measured via SOD activity. Additionally, Stress Index (SI) and Protective Index (PI) were calculated. F-tests were used to analyze pre- and post-intervention differences. Results The fasting group showed a significant reduction in MDA levels, indicating lower oxidative stress. SOD activity increased, reflecting enhanced antioxidant defense. Additionally, the fasting group exhibited greater reductions in SI and increases in PI compared to the control group, confirming the efficacy of Navratri fasting. Conclusion Navratri Upvasa effectively reduces oxidative stress and enhances antioxidant defenses, supporting its role in seasonal detoxification and overall health improvement.
Dr Manjusha Sonpipare, Dr Pradnya Dandekar
Ayurvedic insights into garbhini paricharya: holistic antenatal care"
Background: Garbhini Paricharya means caring for the pregnant women in the form of Ahara (diet), Vihara (life style), Oushada (medications) and Paramarsh (counselling) and preparing her for Sukhaprasava, both mentally and physically. As the Garbha (foetus) is a small form of Purusha, the birth and growth of the child depends upon the food and actions of the mother. The food taken by a pregnant woman, nourishes and helps the growth of the foetus, nourishes the mother's own body and helps in the development of the breasts for breast milk formation. Garbhini Paricharya is a monthly regimen which is broadly discussed under three headings: a. Masanumasikapathya (Month wise dietary regimen) b. Garbhopaghathakara Bhavas (Activities and substances which are harmful to foetus) c. Garbhasthapaka Dravyas (Substances beneficial for maintenance of pregnancy). The main aim of Garbhini Paricharya are 1) To protect fetus from known /unknown hazards. 2) To promote normal growth and development of fetus 3) To conduct normal delivery without any foetal and maternal complications. Thus, great importance has been given to Garbhini Paricharya in our classics. Ayurvedic principles through the concept of Garbhini Paricharya improve the physical and psychological condition of the pregnant woman and make their body suitable for Sukhaprasava and helps to sustain the exhaustion of Prasava. Hence, proper Garbhini Paricharya should be followed throughout pregnancy.
E-Waste: A Challenge for Environment and Health
In terms of the long-term survival of the environment as well as the health of the general population all over the world, electronic garbage, also known as e-waste, has established itself as a major global problem. This is because of the implications that it poses for both of these factors. The reason for this is that it offers significant dangers to the health of an individual. The information that is offered in this article provides an analysis of the complexities that are related with electronic waste, including its origins, implications, and potential solutions on the environment. As the rate of technical innovation continues to quicken, there is a corresponding increase in the number of electronic devices that are being discarded and abandoned. This is a direct result of the rapid pace of technological advancement. It is of the utmost importance that an investigation and action be made as promptly as possible in order to decrease the negative repercussions that this occurrence has brought about. This is because of the fact that this occurrence has brought about.
A Comprehensive Study of RP-HPLC Method Development for Bedaquiline: Leveraging Quality by Design for Optimal Separation, Identification, and Quantification in Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Analysis
This study presents a simple method to set up and test RP-HPLC for Bedaquiline This drug is used to treat tuberculosis. We used a weQuality by Design (QbD) approach. A strong and fast RP-HPLC method was created to measure Bedaquiline in drugs. It is accurate and specific for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The method uses a mobile phase with Methanol and 0.1%orthotic Phosphoric Acid. It also employs a C18 column and detects at a wavelength of 242 nm. Using QbD principles for method development helped identify critical method parameters (CMPs). This led to a clearer understanding of variability and made the methods more robust. Validation was carried out per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The method showed great linearity (r2 = 0.9999), precision, accuracy, and specificity. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 3 µg/mL and 12 µg/mL, respectively. This optimized method can be reliably used for routine analysis of Bedaquiline.
Pawar Sonali Dilip* Hemendra Pratap Singh
Ms. Meghana Goswami, Dr. Jayalakshimi Muthu Srinivasan
"In Vitro Bioactivity and Phytochemical Profiling of Leaf Extracts from the Mangrove Plant Excoecaria agallocha"
The most prevailing microbial diseases and antibiotic resistance exhibited by many pathogens has prompted to discover new antimicrobials of plant origin owing to their minimal side effects. Recent widespread interest in mangrove ecosystem, reflects its validity regarding the potential medicinal application in various diseases. Considering the biomedical importance of mangroves, the present study evaluates the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and characterization using TLC and LC-MS of leaf fractionated extracts of Excoecaria agallocha (Euphorbiaceae), a small milky mangrove extensively studied for its chemical composition and many bioactivities. Initial crude extract preparation of leaves was carried out using four dissimilar solvents viz., acetone, diethyl ether, petroleum ether and water to study the phytochemical constituents which revealed the bearing of saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, phytosterols and reducing sugars particularly with relatively high abundance in petroleum ether extract. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by means of zone of inhibition using agar well diffusion assay. Among the tested bacterial and fungal species, the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded in fungal species ranging from 5 to 12 mm compared to bacterial species ranging from 0.2 to 0.7mm, indicating compounds to be better antifungal agents. Also the performed antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extracts using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) recorded total free radical scavenging capacity with IC50 value of 247.92 μg/ml and with ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) method showed higher activity of 47.66 ug/ml. Further partial characterization of the petroleum ether extracts was carried out by thin layer chromatography and LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of bioactive compounds in the extracts of the Excoecaria agallocha species.
Dr Shilaja Yougender Nayini, Deepthimahanthi Divya, Dr. Govindarao Kuna, Dr S.Narsaiah
An Efficient Deep Learning-based Model for Heart Diseases Prediction
Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, necessitating effective predictive models for timely diagnosis and intervention. This study explores the application of deep learning techniques in predicting heart disease, leveraging the power of data mining and machine learning. Initially, electrocardiogram (ECG) numeric datasets are preprocessed to extract relevant features crucial for classification. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed as a classification technique due to its superior performance compared to traditional methods. Evaluation metrics including accuracy, precision, and F-measure are computed to assess the efficacy of the CNN model against the baseline K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) classifier. Results indicate that CNN outperforms KNN, establishing its efficacy in heart disease diagnosis on the given dataset. Furthermore, a hybrid approach integrating logistic regression and neural networks is proposed for enhanced predictive accuracy. Logistic regression identifies significant risk factors contributing to heart disease based on statistical p-values, while irrelevant factors are pruned. The resultant significant factors serve as inputs to the neural network, which is trained to predict the likelihood of heart disease. This integrated approach demonstrates promising results in predicting heart disease, highlighting the potential of combining statistical analysis with deep learning techniques for improved diagnostic accuracy.
Decision Tree based Framework for Business Decision Support System using Big Data Analytics
Credit risk assessment is a critical aspect of financial decision-making, requiring accurate and efficient predictive models to evaluate a borrower’s likelihood of default. Traditional statistical methods often struggle with complex datasets, prompting the adoption of machine learning (ML) techniques for enhanced accuracy. This study explores various ML models, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees, Adaboost, Random Forest, K-Neighbors, Logistic Regression, and XGB Classifier, to determine the most effective approach for credit risk assessment. Extensive data pre-processing, feature engineering, and feature scaling techniques are applied to optimize model performance. The Proposed Optimized Decision Tree Classifier achieves the highest test accuracy of 83.23%, outperforming other models in predictive reliability. The research underscores the importance of selecting the right classification model for financial risk evaluation, balancing accuracy, interpretability, and computational efficiency. The results indicate that ensemble learning and hybrid approaches can further enhance prediction reliability. Future research directions include integrating deep learning techniques and real-time credit evaluation frameworks, as well as leveraging external economic indicators for a more holistic risk assessment. The findings contribute to the development of robust, data-driven strategies for financial institutions, enabling better decision-making in loan approvals and credit management.
Comparative evaluation of accuracy and reliability of conventional method, thumb method and cephalometric measurements in determining vertical dimension at rest in completely edentulous patients- A randomized controlled clinical trial
Background: After complete loss of teeth the basic characteristics of occlusion are lost. Clinician faces the difficult challenge of establishing the parameters of occlusion, Many techniques have been used for measuring (vertical dimension) in dentulous and edentulous patients. The previous studies have considered ventral surface and soft tissue landmarks, which may not be consistent. Therefore, a bony landmark such as dorsal surface of thumb may be more reliable and definitive Methods: Patient reporting to the OPD of Prosthodontics department with treatment planning of complete denture were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and vertical dimension at rest was recorded using conventional, thumb and cephalometric measurements and were divided into three groups based on randomization. During try in freeway space, vertical dimension at rest, vertical dimension at occlusion, centric relation, and esthetics were checked by two blinded Prosthodontist. Results: It was found that mean VDR values were highest in conventional group and lowest in Cephalometric group. The difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001). Multiple comparison using post hoc test revealed statistically significant differences between conventional versus thumb method (P=0.018), Conventional versus cephalometric method(P=0.001) and between thumb versus cephalometric method(P=0.001) Conclusion: Conventional method (Nose-chin measurement) and thumb method were found to be more significant than cephalometric measurements, hence they can be used as effective aid in determining vertical dimension. Therefore it can be utilized as additional method for determination of vertical dimension at rest.
Dr. Ashokkumar, Dr Varsha Murthy, Dr Balaji Jayachandran, Dr. Vidhya Baskaran, Dr Lakshmi Devi M, Dr M Sadish
Ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorder among dental professional and students in pondicherry and tamil nadu. A cross – sectional study
Ergonomic hazard is a physical factor within the environment that harms the musculoskeletal system. Prosthodontists are at high risk of cervical and spine problems due to the limited access and impaired vision associated with the oral cavity. The symptoms include low back pain, stiffness and sciatica with neurological features such as tingling, paraesthesia and muscle weakness. Ergonomics is highly relevant to preventive and occupational medicine, management of musculoskeletal injuries and rehabilitation. AIMS & OBJECTIVES : To assess the knowledge, awareness & practice towards Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) among dental professionals and students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a cross sectional analytical study conducted among dental professional and dental students of various dental colleges of Pondicherry& Tamil Nadu. A set of closed ended 15 questions were prepared to collect the relevant information pertaining to this study. Questions were related to assess the knowledge and practice towards ergonomics and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Type of clinical practice, dentists working position, number of clinical working hours, musculoskeletal problem , location of pain were included. RESULT: The obtained data will be subjected to suitable statistical analysis and the results were derived. CONCLUSION: The key for dental clinicians for staying healthy and fit is to adopt an ergonomic position all the times and adopting yoga/exercise in their daily routine thus preventing them from developing MSDs. Faculty in the institutions are required to teach these principles on ‘need for dentist’s health’ basis rather than just as a curriculum since BDS first year so that prevention of MSDs can be implemented at primary level.
Dr. Ashokkumar, Dr. Balaji J, Dr. Varsha Murthy, Dr. Vidhya, Dr. Devameena, Dr. Sadish
Comparison Of The Positional Accuracy In Multiple Implants By Splinting With Bd Impress And Pattern Resin In Open Tray Impression Technique – An In Vitro Study
BACKGROUND: Dental Prosthesis misfit in multiple implants is often encountered and can be corrected through impression techniques in producing an accurate, passively fitting prosthesis and ensuring maximum precision. Splinting multiple implants with a ridid and dimensionally stable can be a wise choice. Therefore, an in-vitro study was designed to compare the dimensional stability of Pattern resin and BD Impress as splinting material on the positional accuracy in multiple implants by open tray implant impression technique. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the positional accuracy in multiple implants by splinting with pattern resin and BD Impress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An epoxy resin model was fabricated into which four implants were placed. The open tray copings were attached and splinting was done with pattern resin in Group I (n=6) and with BD Impress in Group II (n=6). Six open tray impressions were made with vinyl polysiloxane and analogs were attached. The casts retrieved from each group were analysed for the positional accuracy using Vision Measuring Machine (VMM). The mean values of all the measurements for each group were obtained and they were statistically analysed using unpaired t test at a significance of 0.5 using SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS: The mean inter implant distance between the Group I and Group II showed that there was only marginal difference(P value ≤ 0.05) with positional accuracy in both Group I and Group II thus concluding that there was no comparable difference between Group I and Group II. CONCLUSION: Results showed BD Impress can be used as splinting material in multiple implant prosthesis, as both pattern resin and BD Impress exhibited similar positional accuracy in impression.
Dr. Sandhosh Gnanavel, Dr. Balaji Jayachandran, Dr. Varsha Murthy, Dr. Vidhya, Dr. Lakshmi, Dr. Sadish
Choice of retention systems for Maxillofacial Prostheses among dental professionals in Pondicherry–A Cross sectional study
Background: Maxillofacial prostheses (MFP)are a boon to the severely debilitated patients affected with congenital defects, trauma or tumor in the facial region where reconstruction of lost structures is impossible by surgical intervention. Increasing the retention of the prostheses with various retention aids provides both ease of use and acceptance by the patient. However, choice of retention system for a particular patient often is not given much importance due to lack of adequate knowledge (with regards to indications, types and selection of clinically suitable retention systems) by the dental professionals. Hence the aim of this study was to assess the choice based on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding retention systems for MFP among dental professionals in Pondicherry. Aim: To assess the Knowledge, attitude and practice among dental professionals regarding retention systems for Maxillofacial Prostheses in Puducherry. Materials and methods: The URLs of the online questionnaire were shared via e-mail to dental practitioners of Pondicherry which focused on knowledge, attitude and practice of retention systems in MFP. Statistical analysis was done using counts and percentages and the results were further analyzed statistically by the ANOVA test. Results: It was found that majority of the dental practitioners were not aware about aspects of retention systems for Maxillofacial Prosthesis. Conclusion: The choice of various retention systems in treatment planning for maxillofacial prostheses differed with regard to the participants, field of expertise and work environment. The lack of knowledge among the dental practitioners can be improved by continuing dental education programs highlighting awareness about MFP and retention systems.
Dr. Ashokkumar, Dr. Devameena S, Dr. Balaji J, Dr.Varsha Murthy, Dr. Vidhya Baskaran, Dr. Lakshmi
Comparative Evaluation Of Tear Strength And Compressive Resistance Of Three Commercially Available Bite Registration Materials: An In Vitro Study
BACKGROUND: An interocclusal record is a precise recording of a maxillomandibular position . Accurate mounting can lead to restorations that require minimal occlusal modifications intraorally, thus reducing the chairside time. The impression materials are altered by the addition of plasticizers and catalysts in order to transform them into interocclusal recording medium. AIM: To evaluate the tear strength and compressive resistance of three commercially available bite registration materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted to evaluate the tear strength and compressive resistance of three bite registration materials namely Polyether, Bis-acrylate and Thermoplastic resin. A total of 48 samples, including 16 samples for each bite registration material, were prepared. 8 samples were used in each of the three subgroups of samples for evaluation. The obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 22.0 software. The One way ANOVA test was used to compare study parameters among the groups. Tukey’s post-hoc test was used for multiple comparison between the groups. RESULTS: Statistically, Bis-acrylates and Thermoplastic groups have similar tear strength but have better tear strength than the Polyether group. Bis-acrylates and Polyether Groups had similar compressive resistance but had better compressive resistance than the Thermoplastic Group. CONCLUSION: Thermoplastic resin was examined to have the highest tear strength followed by Bis-acrylate and Polyether. Polyether was found to have the highest compressive resistance followed by Bis-acrylate and Thermoplastic resin. Bis-acyrlate showed median values for tear strength and compressive resistance. Therefore choice of interocclusal registration material can be decided by the clinician based on case specificity and considering the advantages and drawbacks of each material.
Dr. Mugilan Ramachandran, Dr. Varsha Murthy, Dr. Lakshmi Devi M, Dr. Balaji Jayachandran, Dr. M. Sadish, Dr. Devameena S
Choosing The Right Intra Oral Scanners – A Review
Each intraoral scanning system is different from each other for capturing the different surfaces like dentin, enamel, restorations, prosthesis or soft tissue. Metal and other reflective materials can be difficult to capture intra orally. The powder technique is a perfect solution to improve scanning accuracy by generating surface homogeneity. Presence of edentulous areas is another clinical situation that can compromise accuracy. It is difficult to acquire digital impressions accurately in the area with lack of teeth due to the apparent anatomical landmarks. Selecting a right intraoral scanner for selected treatment plan plays an important role for precise treatment outcome.
Dr Kangaiyan S, Dr Varsha Murthy, Dr Lakshmi Devi M, Dr Balaji Jayachandran, Dr M Sadish, Dr. Devameena S
A Survey On The Knowledge, Attitude And Perception Of Dental Professionals Regarding The Role Of Artificial Intelligence And Its Applications In Dentistry: A Cross Sectional Study
Background and objective: Artificial intelligence is gradually mooting its way contemporaneously with the present day evolution in the field of dentistry. Given that AI may have a profound effect on practitioners both now and in the future, it is important to comprehend the fundamental idea, underlying theory, and anticipated uses of AI. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate dental professionals' attitude, knowledge, and perception of artificial intelligence and its applications in dentistry. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey comprising of 28 questions that was circulated through google forms to dental professionals for assessing the cognizance of the individuals towards artificial intelligence, its vantage points and drawbacks and their outlook regarding the inception of artificial intelligence in dentistry . Results: Out of the 219 responses received, 206 participants found the Application of AI in dentistry amazing. Predominantly (91.8%) responded that significant advances can result with advent of AI. Majority believed that AI can assist in decision making, diagnosing and predictive analysis. Majority (84.9%) agreed that virtual reality and augmented reality will help in treatment processes and 190 participants believed it will enhance the dental curriculum. Conclusion: According to the study's findings, dental professionals and students are aware of artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential uses. The results of this survey prompted us to identify critical shortcomings that need to be addressed, highlighting the importance of incorporating, developing, and enhancing AI training in dental schools.
Hibah Hasan, Balaji Jayachandran, Varsha Murthy, Lakshmi Devi M, Sadish M, Devameena S
Yoga Intervention for Stress Management in Dental Preclinical Prosthodontics Training: A Mixed-Methods Study
The field of dentistry presents numerous challenges, exposing students to various sources of stress that can significantly affect their academic performance in dental schools. Preclinical students, in particular, face unique pressures related to the demanding nature of their training. Yoga therapy, recognized by the National Institutes of Health as a complementary and alternative medicine practice, offers a holistic approach to mental and physical well-being. Incorporating yoga sessions into dental school curricula may help students manage stress and enhance their academic performance. AIMS: To examine the impact of yoga therapy on preclinical stress and academic performance of dental students in prosthodontic departments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative questionnaire (Perceived Stress Scale 10) was administered to assess stress levels among the students. Content analysis of eight open-ended questions was conducted using a dual moderator approach, with discussions transcribed and themes identified. Qualitative methodologies were employed to code, categorize, and interpret the emergent themes. Data collection methods included note-taking and participant observation. Following the Yoga Therapy intervention, a focus group discussion was held, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS: The study identified five key themes: (i) Anxiety related to the limited time available for completing preclinical work; (ii) Decreased confidence stemming from a lack of practical experience; (iii) Academic shortcomings perceived by both staff and students, unrelated to the physical environment of clinical training; (iv) Feelings of isolation as staff and students struggled to adapt to new stressors; and (v) Uncertainty regarding the time required to compensate for missed preclinical work. Additionally, there was a noted "gradual lack of guidance from faculty." After the implementation of Yoga Therapy, a subsequent focus group discussion revealed that participants: (i) Achieved a sense of personal integration and positivity; (ii) Felt better equipped to confront these challenges; and (iii) Managed their tasks more efficiently. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that preclinical dental students encountered considerable challenges, including heightened anxiety, diminished confidence, academic shortcomings, feelings of isolation, and uncertainty. The implementation of Yoga Therapy effectively mitigated these challenges by promoting personal integration, enhancing positivity, and improving students' readiness and efficiency in handling their academic responsibilities.
Dr.Arthi Ramalingam, Dr.Arthi Ramalingam, Dr. Varsha Murthy, Dr. Devameena, Dr. Vidhya, Dr. Balaji J, Dr. Sadish
Novel PVC Based Ion Selective Electrode for Chromium(III) by using Macrocyclic Compound as Ionophore
A potentiometric response of an ion-selective electrode with a new macrocyclic based ionophore 1-amino-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,6-trimethylenehexahydropyrimidine-2-thione (AHMTHHPT) toward Cr(III) ions was studied. The designed electrode showed a Nernstian behavior with a slope of 19.6 ± 0.5 mV/decade in a working concentration range of 1.0×10-8-1.0×10-1 mol L-1 and a detection limit of 8.0×10-8 mol L-1. A membrane composition made of PVC: DBP: ionophore (AHMTHHPT): NaTPB; 30%: 60%: 8%: 2 wt.% displays the best results. Response time was found to be 7 seconds and can be used for 120 days without showing any substantial deviation in potential. The proposed electrode exhibits selectivity for chromium(III) ions. The electrode worked well under laboratory conditions with its, potential response being constant over a pH range of 3.0-8.0. The electrode proposed in this work could be used to determine the presence of Cr(III) ion in wastewater and also an indicator electrode with EDTA.
Morphology and Band Gap Controlled Studies of CdSxSe1−x Films Deposited by Laser Ablation
Through the utilization of the pulsed laser ablation technique, binary and ternary CdSxSe1-x films, with a value of 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, were deposited on a quartz substrate. The formation of these films was accomplished by employing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, maintaining a pressure of 4 × 10-6 Torr within the growth chamber, and maintaining a substrate temperature of 550 ºC. The hexagonal structure of the CdSxSe1-x semiconducting films was validated by XRD, which indicated that the films possessed a preferential orientation in the (002) plane. This orientation was associated with the films’ exceptional crystal quality. The energy band gap (Eg) can be estimated with the help of transmittance spectra. The values that we have calculated for the ternaries are 1.78, 1.9, and 2.06 eV, whereas the values for CdSe are 1.68 eV and the values for CdS are 2.39 eV. All of the samples exhibited a robust luminescence emission when the temperature was at room temperature. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy revealed that the phonons associated with LO-CdS and LO-CdSe were seen simultaneously in the compound of ternaries. There is a correlation between the content of sulfur and the changing intensities and positions of these peaks.
The Contribution of Spiritual Beliefs to Psychological Resilience
As mental health has evolved into what it is now, spirituality has been crucial. Human physical and mental evolution provides the basis for this. Many people mistakenly associate spirituality with religion, whereas some see it as a way of life. By providing life purpose, spirituality equips us with the path of life. In essence, it focuses on spirit and intellect. Bringing spirituality into our daily lives has a profound impact on our relationships with others, our mental health, and our way of thinking. It gives one a feeling of forgiveness, purpose, and tranquility. Our mental health can be generally improved by all of these benefits. It is employed by some to acquire and foster hope. Our sense of confidence, self-worth, self-control, inner strength, and ability to bounce back from illness are all able to be enhanced by spirituality. When faced with challenging circumstances like illness, grief, and unemployment, people turn to spirituality for solace; others utilize it to comprehend the concept of the afterlife. Everyone possesses access to spirituality as a source of potential, and each of us falls on the spectrum of spiritual health. Everybody has a different way of being spiritual. A few popular methods of pursuing spirituality are journaling, yoga, meditation, prayer, introspection, spending time in nature, and ritual reading. It has, in fact, been one of the most misapplied and misinterpreted ideas, and its meaning has become more and more contradictory all through time. However, this wasn’t always the case; in fact, a great deal of Vedic literature focused on the relationship between humans and the higher self and cosmic force. The article aims to investigate and comprehend the relationship between spirituality and mental health. It explains how spiritual practice can help with mental health problems including stress, depression, or other mental health issues.
Latest Trends in Surface Modification for Dental Implantology: Innovative– Developments and Analytical Applications
The success of dental implantation depends primarily on one critical factor—osseointegration. As clinical demands grow and patient expectations rise, innovations in implant surface modifications are redefining standards in implant dentistry. This review dives into the latest biological, chemical, and nanotechnological surface treatments engineered to enhance bone-implant integration, accelerate healing, and minimize bacterial colonization. From bioactive coatings with growth factors and peptides to advanced nanostructures created via anodization, laser ablation, and ion deposition, each technique is explored for its clinical impact and potential. Novel hybrid surfaces, incorporating antibacterial agents like silver nanoparticles and controlled drug delivery systems, promise improved biocompatibility and long-term implant stability. Electrochemical and chemical approaches such as acid etching and hydroxyapatite layering also provide versatile and cost-effective methods to optimize surface topography and bioactivity. While early outcomes are promising, this review underscores the need for large-scale, long-term human trials to establish efficacy and safety across diverse patient populations. As we enter an era of personalized and precision implantology, combining cutting-edge materials science with clinical insight offers an exciting path forward in ensuring long-lasting, predictable outcomes in dental implant therapy.
Dr. Islam Elagami , Dr. Shifa Sakhi, Dr.Roohi Singh, Dr. Anandpreet Saroya,Dr. Kanika Awasthi, Dr.Sabina Parry
DENTURE FABRICS": A Mnemonic to Remember the Steps of Complete Denture Fabrication
Background: Dental students must memorize large portions of the course, particularly in intricate work such as denture making. Mnemonics employ figures and categorization to help store information in long-term memory. Complete denture construction is described in a sequence of critical fit, comfort, and performance steps. Method: This study proposes the “DENTURE FABRICS” mnemonic to help the targeted undergraduate dental students. The mnemonic covers key steps: Design Impressions, Engineer Trays, Neaten Borders, Take Final Impressions, Uplift Casts, Record Base & Wax Rim Construction, Evaluate Try-In, Final Jaw Relation Record,Arrange Teeth, Brief Wax Try-In, Real Processing, Improve Finish, Complete Deliveryand Schedule Follow-Up Appointments. Result: Students could systematically approach denture fabrication using the mnemonic “DENTURE FABRICS.” They also grasped and remembered the order and significance of each phase, eliminating any crucial steps that could be easily overlooked. This approach resulted in the production of quality dentures and better patient experiences. Conclusion: This paper shows that the mnemonic “DENTURE FABRICS” is a helpful and easy way to remember all the steps involved in complete denture fabrication. It improves learning effectiveness and knowledge of intricate practices for effective implementation when students join the workforce. Supplemented by conventional training methods, this mnemonic enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of training many times.
Dr. Rohit Nandan,Dr. Shalabh Kumar, Dr. Akash Gopi,Dr. Sonal Singh, Dr. Taniya Bhatia, Dr. Samra Ashraf
Formulation And Evaluation Of Antiepileptic Medicated Jelly
This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of Brivaracetam-loaded medicated jelly designed for pediatric patients to improve drug delivery. The formulation was optimized to ensure consistent drug content, with each jelly unit containing 25 mg of Brivaracetam, and a final drug load of 491 mg per Petri plate accounting for practical losses. The physical evaluation revealed favorable characteristics such as uniform appearance, soft texture, and minimal stickiness, with slight grittiness in a few batches that may impact patient acceptability. The pH of the formulations (6.45–7.12) was compatible with oral mucosa. Syneresis studies showed minor syneresis in some batches, indicating stability and potential for optimization. Increased viscosity was observed with higher concentrations of gelatin, sodium alginate, and pectin, improving texture and drug release control. In-vitro dissolution studies will provide insights into the drug release kinetics, further validating the formulation’s potential for controlled, effective drug delivery. This research lays the foundation for optimizing and scaling Brivaracetam-loaded medicated jelly formulations to meet the needs of pediatric patients.
Applications Of Tens In Dentistry- Literature Review
In many areas of dentistry, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has shown promise as a non-invasive, non-pharmacological pain treatment technique. This literature review examines how TENS is used in dentistry, emphasizing its workings, advantages, drawbacks, and prospects. The main mechanisms by which TENS therapy modifies both acute and chronic pain perception are the Gate Control Theory and the activation of endogenous opioid release. TENS has demonstrated clinical effectiveness in treating orofacial problems in juvenile and special needs populations, including Bell's palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS), temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and procedural pain. It can be used for neuromuscular re-education in prosthodontics, procedural analgesia in endodontics and periodontics, and pain related to tooth movement in orthodontics. Additionally, by improving salivary flow, TENS shows potential in treating xerostomia. It has disadvantages as well as contraindications, particularly for people with epilepsy, pacemakers, and other systemic disorders, despite its advantages of low cost, portability, and little side effects. The ongoing issues with patient education, electrode placement, and dosage control underscore the need for more thorough clinical research and established practices. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) demonstrates considerable potential in the future of dental practice due to ongoing technological advancements and the increasing patient preference for non-invasive, home-based therapies. In contrast to conventional pharmacological analgesics, TENS offers a safer and more physiologically compatible modality for the managing dental pain.
Dr. Moustafa Elgendy, Dr. Shaima Mir, Dr. Nikita Patel, Dr. Samyuktha Koneru, Dr. Tamanna Amrin Mou, Dr. Nishita Rajan Kadu
Intelligent IoT-Enabled Framework for Real-Time Prediction of Heart Disease Using Machine Learning
This study presents a machine learning–inspired IoT framework designed for the real-time prediction of heart disease using data collected from Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices. The proposed system integrates physiological data from various sensors such as blood pressure monitors, heart rate sensors, and ECG devices, enabling continuous health monitoring. Preprocessing techniques like noise reduction, normalization, and missing value imputation are applied to ensure data quality. Feature selection methods are used to identify the most relevant health indicators, which are then fed into optimized machine learning models, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), for effective classification. The framework is designed for scalability and real-time responsiveness, leveraging cloud infrastructure for fast processing and storage. Experimental results on a real-world cardiovascular dataset show improved accuracy, reduced false positives, and enhanced reliability compared to conventional methods. This framework aims to support early diagnosis, timely intervention, and improved patient outcomes in smart healthcare environments.
Kuldeep Singh, Isha Yadav, Balaji Venkateswaran, Surendra Singh Chauhan, Sachin Goyal, Arun Kumar Choudhary
Analyzing Student Adaptability In Online Education Using Descriptive Analytics
This study investigates the factors influencing online education by analyzing Pearson Correlation Coefficients, Chi-square tests, and hypothesis testing. The findings reveal significant correlations among age, education level, IT student status, and the use of self-learning management systems (LMS), indicating that older students tend to have higher education levels, are more likely to be IT students, and utilize LMS more frequently. Financial condition shows a moderate correlation with adaptivity levels and internet type, underscoring the impact of socioeconomic status on digital learning experiences. Chi-square tests confirm significant associations between education level, device usage, internet type, and adaptivity level. Conversely, gender and load-shedding display weaker correlations, suggesting minimal impact on online learning. Hypothesis testing highlights significant differences in adaptivity levels based on gender, internet type, and IT student status, as well as associations between location and load-shedding frequency, and class duration based on LMS usage. These results emphasize the complex interplay of demographic, technological, and institutional factors in online education, providing valuable insights for enhancing digital learning strategies and policies.
Quality Control and Verification of Bio-Solid from Human Faecal Matter in Plant Growth Studies
The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality, safety, and agricultural efficacy of biosolids derived from human faecal matter. By focusing on the chemical, biological, and environmental properties of biosolids, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of their potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers. The investigation emphasizes key aspects such as pathogen reduction, heavy metal stabilization, nutrient content, and the broader impact on plant growth. These aspects align directly with the findings from the data analysis, which reflect both the effectiveness and safety of biosolid use in agricultural applications. In terms of methodology, the research employs statistical techniques including ANOVA and regression analysis. ANOVA is used to assess the significance of the data, while regression analysis examines the relationships between biosolid treatment and plant growth, as well as public perceptions of biosolid use. This methodological framework ensures the reliability of the study’s findings. The key findings highlight a strong public acceptance of biosolids, with 63.6% of respondents strongly agreeing that biosolids are a viable and beneficial agricultural input. The results of the regression analysis further underscore the positive correlation between awareness and acceptance of biosolids, confirming that increased knowledge leads to higher acceptance rates. The statistical significance, indicated by R² = 0.515 and a p-value of 0.000, reinforces the validity of the results. These findings are critical in supporting the hypothesis that biosolids are a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers. The study concludes that with the right treatment processes, biosolids can offer a cost-effective and environmentally responsible solution for enhancing soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Examining the Role of Employees in Enhancing Organizational Environmental Performance: A Focus on Eco-Initiatives and Engagement
This paper explores the part played by employees in improving organizational environmental performance, with a focus on eco initiatives and employee involvement in Indian manufacturing firms. The first research question is to determine how levels of engagement and the organisational environment impact the extent of employee participation in eco-initiatives. This work adopted a quantitative research approach with 600 participants comprising both employees and members of the community who are impacted on by CSR activities. To test the hypotheses, the research used multiple linear regression to determine the significance of the employee engagement, the organization’s environmental performance and the employee eco-initiates. With respect to the research questions, these results indicate that employees with high level of engagement might not be as involved in environmental initiatives as expected, perhaps because of low organizational support, low congruence between personal values and sustainability activities, and low recognition of their efforts. The research clearly identifies the difficulties of implementing employee led environmental programs and shows that more needs to be done with regard to organizational culture, management support and correct association of organizational sustainability agenda with employee personal values. The study results imply that there is a need to increase the overall involvement of environmental activities as part of the organization’s mission and employees’ responsibilities. This study should be extended in the future to examine the detailed reasons for low employees’ engagement in eco-initiatives as well as examine how organizational culture and leadership influence environmental perceptions.
Gargee Banerjee, Dr. Supriti Mishra, Dr. Padmalita Routray
A 10-Year Retrospective Quantitative Analysis of The CDC Database: Examining the Prevalence of Depression in the Us Adult Urban Population
Background: Depression remains a leading cause of disability worldwide and poses a significant public health challenge in urban environments, where social, economic, and environmental stressors may amplify mental health risks. Over the past decade, evolving demographic and societal changes—including the COVID-19 pandemic—may have contributed to shifts in depression prevalence among urban adults in the United States. Aim of the study: The current study sought to determine the sociodemographic factors influencing the observed differences and examine a ten-year trend in the prevalence of depression among US urban adults. Methods: The data used in this retrospective quantitative investigation was taken from the 2013–2023 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) database. With stratified analyses by age, gender, race/ethnicity, economic level, and geographic location, the prevalence of depression was evaluated yearly. Confounders were taken into account while evaluating depression predictors using multivariate linear regression. A significance level of p < 0.05 was established. Result: After reaching a peak of 19.5% in 2021, the general prevalence of depression among urban people increased from 10.5% in 2013 to 17.5% in 2023. The largest rise was seen among those between the ages of 18 and 25 (15% to 30%), women (13% to 20%), and people who were Black or African American (22%). The highest frequency was seen among those with low incomes (25%), while states with larger urban densities, such as California (20%) and New York (19%), had higher rates. Female gender (β = 0.3, p < 0.01), Black/African American ethnicity (β = 0.25, p < 0.05), poor income (β = 0.5, p < 0.001), high urban density (β = 0.2, p < 0.01), and younger age (β = 0.45, p < 0.001) were all found to be significant predictors of depression by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Over the previous ten years, depression has been much more common among urban people in the US, with rises during the COVID-19 epidemic being especially notable. Depression rates are significantly influenced by sociodemographic variables, such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and urban density. These results underline the necessity of focused public health programs and legislative changes to address the escalating urban mental health epidemic, especially among disadvantaged populations.
Elicitation Strategies For Improving Secondary Metabolites In Medicinal Plants
A Nutraceutical is any substance or ingredient that is food or part of food that provides medical or health benefits including prevention and treatment of disease. Earlier studies have shown that Tulsi, Fenugreek, Dill, Coriander, Moong, Spinach, Lemongrass, Wheatgrass, Curry leaves, and Mint have medicinal and nutraceutical values. These values are due to the presence of secondary metabolites and the dose/servings which depend on the concentration of secondary metabolites. The concentration of secondary metabolites is limited in these plants and the treatment with elicitors derived from chemicals can be an effective strategy to increase the yield of metabolites obtained from the plant cell. So, in the present study, we have implemented the elicitation method for improving the secondary metabolites. In this study, we have used two elicitor’s salicylic acid and silver nitrate at concentrations of 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm. The results show that at the concentration of 0.5 ppm of both salicylic acid and silver nitrate, the improvement in yields of alkaloids was seen in wheatgrass, lemongrass, dill, and improvement of flavonoids in Fenugreek, Spinach, Tulsi, Coriander, Mint, and Wheatgrass. The total phenolic contents were improved in Fenugreek, Spinach, and Mint. So, it may be concluded that these elicitors are suitable for improvement in the Alkaloid, Flavonoids, and Phenolic content of the above plants at 0.5 ppm concentration. However, at the higher concentration of 1 ppm of the elicitors, the improvement in the alkaloid and flavonoid contents was not seen in all plants. In some cases, the concentration of phytoconstituents is decreased at the specific concentration of elicitor so it may also conclude the biosynthesis of phytoconstituents is decreased at that concentration so that concentration is not suitable for improvement of phytoconstituents.
An Automated Deep Learning based Speech Emotion Recognition System
Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is a challenging yet pivotal area with wide-ranging applications spanning psychology, speech therapy, and customer service. This paper introduces a novel approach to SER employing machine learning, specifically deep learning and recurrent neural networks. The proposed model is trained on meticulously labeled datasets containing diverse speech samples representing various emotional states. By scrutinizing key audio features such as pitch, rhythm, and prosody, the system aims to achieve precise emotion recognition for unseen speech data. The primary objective is to advance SER by enhancing accuracy, reliability, and fostering deeper insights into the intricate relationship between emotions and speech. This study proposes the utilization of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, known for their proficiency in capturing temporal dependencies, for SER tasks. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset covering a spectrum of emotional states, the LSTM model undergoes rigorous training and evaluation. Experimental results showcase the effectiveness of our approach, outperforming conventional methods and underscoring the potential of LSTM models in SER applications. This research contributes to the evolution of emotion recognition technology, with potential implications across domains like human-computer interaction, mental health monitoring, and sentiment analysis.
Manju Papreja, Pooja Kumari 3Rashmi Chhabra, Dr.Surendra Singh Chauhan, Anjali Gupta, Sangeeta Kumari , Renu Miglani, Sachin Goyal
Recent Advancement and Applications of Transdermal Patches having Antifungal Potential
Most of fungi do not require any human interventions for their propagation, and are not harmful for humans. However, some fungal species are adventitious pathogens are can cause systemic, subcutaneous and superficial infections. There are various synthetic chemical classes with potent antifungal agents. Polyenes, azoles, allylamines, morpholines and some antimetabolite drugs have been used as antifungal agents over decades. Despite the availability of good number of antifungal agents, worldwide emergence of drug resistance against existing antifungal agents is a major challenge for healthcare industry, warranting novel formulations to tackle the situation. Transdermal patches are comparatively novel formulations that can address limitations associated with traditional drug delivery systems. Transdermal patches provide controlled release of drugs, hence can avoid systemic side effects. Transdermal patches offer several advantages over oral antifungal drugs. Oral antifungals are absorbed into systemic circulations and cause numerous side effects. Transdermal patches can also enhance patient adherence to the treatment regimen, as they require less frequent replacement compared to other methods. The review focused on recent innovations and research on antifungal transdermal patches.
“Histomorphological Changes In The Structure Of Y-OrganA Moulting Gland During The Annual Reproductive Cycle In The Fresh Water Crab Barytelphusa Guerini”
Crustaceans are important constituents of aquatic ecosystems that provide a variety of ecological and economic services. Many crustaceans live in marine environments ,others in various freshwater systems and may be used as biomonitors and bioindicators in various aquatic systems. The Y-organs of crustaceans are classical non-neural endocrine glands . They are paired and lobulated structures and are located ventrolaterally to the eyesockets. The Y-organs of crustaceans secrete ecdysteroids (moulting homone) which play a crucial role in the moulting and growth of crustaceans .The present study reveals the structural and histomorphological pattern of the Y-organ during the annual reproductive cycle.
Dr. Tasneem Jahan, Asima Begum Afreen, Maliha Afshan, ,Shaikh Shainaz Abdullah, Mahveen Jahan
Evaluating The Histopathological Studies In Native Fishes Thriving In The Coal Mining Areas Of Jharkhand - A Case Study
Coal mining generates huge quantity of toxic effluent which consistently pollutes the neighboring wetlands where the local inhabitants regularly cultivate edible fishes. The current study aims to Estimated daily intake of heavy metals by fish and its correlation on human health. The 5 Samples were collected from Konar Dam (S1), Maithon Dam (S2), Panchet Dam (S3), Tenughut Dam (S4) and Tilaya Dam (S5) near Damodar River basin, Jharkhand (india). Mainly P. indicus, M. gulio, P. conchonius, L. calbasu, L. rohita, and L. bata Fish species were collected. Fish species P. indicus (F1), M. gulio (F2), P. conchonius (F3), L. calbasu (F4), L. rohita (F5), and L. bata (F6) are Pb, Co, Cd, and As found at low dietary intake. The maximum EDI observed only accounts for 0.11 µg/kg for F1 at dam 3, 0.35 µg/kg for F3 at dam 3, 0.22 µg/kg for F3 and F6 at dam 2, and 0.17 µg/kg for F1 at dam 3, respectively. The accumulation of heavy metals in tissues appears to cause remarkable histopathological alterations in skin, gills, liver and kidney that might be leading to deleterious effect on fish physiology and consequently impact the consumers of such fishes. The risks to our health and the environment posed by coal mining are ruining our lives. Surface water and sedimentation are found to be correlated, and the histopathology's scanning electron microscopy is also acquired.
Moumita Ray Mukherjee, Dr. Divya Shrivastava, Dr. V. A Selvi, Dr. Rama Sadashiv Lokhande
Evaluation of In-silico Pharmacokinetics, Cytotoxicity prediction and Molecular Docking Studies of Ganomestenol
The present study finds out the in-silico pharmacokinetics, cytotoxicity prediction and molecular docking studies of Ganomestenol. The ganomestenol were subjected for in silico pharmacokinetics such as gastro intestinal absorption, P-glycoprotein, blood brain barrier, lipinski’s rule etc., and toxicity prediction parameters such as hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunogenicity, mutagenicity and cell line cytotoxicity. The results showed that the compound may be drug candidate for various pharmacological studies. To support for the antimicrobial activity, in-silico drug Ganomestenol interaction with bacterial (PDB ID: 1ZKN) and fungal (PDB ID: 1EA1) target proteins were studied by using autodock4 tool showed good binding energy with target proteins.
Venkatesh, Prateeksha M S, Ravikumar Patil H S, Naveen Kumar K J
A Dependable and Scalable Encryption Framework for Cloud Data Protection and Storage Optimization
This research presents a novel secure and scalable encryption framework designed to address the growing challenges of cloud data protection and storage optimization. With the increasing reliance on cloud computing for data storage and management, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data is paramount. The proposed framework leverages advanced encryption techniques, such as homomorphic encryption and attribute-based encryption, to protect cloud data while maintaining efficient access control and minimizing performance overhead. The scalability of the framework ensures its applicability across diverse cloud environments, accommodating varying workloads and data volumes without compromising security. In addition to its strong security measures, the framework introduces innovative storage optimization strategies that reduce data redundancy and enhance resource utilization. By employing techniques like data deduplication and compression, the framework optimizes the storage capacity of cloud systems, making it both cost-effective and efficient. The research evaluates the performance of the proposed framework through rigorous simulations and real-world use cases, demonstrating its ability to deliver secure, scalable, and optimized cloud storage solutions. The results highlight the framework's potential to significantly improve data protection and operational efficiency in cloud environments.
Rajeev V Chandan, B Murali Krishna, Surendra Singh Chauhan, Manisha Manju Papreja, Rashmi Chhabra, Renu Miglani
Role Of Demographic And Psychographic Factors In Green Product Adoption: Evidence From Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India
The increasing demand for environmentally sustainable products has led to a growing interest in understanding the factors that drive consumer adoption of green products. This study explores the role of demographic and psychographic factors in influencing consumer preferences for green products in Thoothukudi District. A survey of 400 consumers was conducted, and the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and regression analysis. The findings indicate that income and education significantly impact green product adoption, while psychographic factors such as environmental values, health consciousness, and social responsibility play a crucial role in shaping consumer behavior. Regression analysis reveals that environmental values are the strongest predictor of green product adoption, followed by health consciousness and income levels. Despite a growing inclination toward sustainable consumption, barriers such as high prices, limited availability, and lack of awareness hinder widespread adoption. The study highlights the need for affordable, accessible, and well-marketed green products to enhance consumer engagement with sustainable alternatives.
Mrs T. Sumathi, Dr. M. Saravanan, Dr. S. Gnanasumathi
Comparative Study of NPA Levels in Public and Private Sector Banks: Causes and Consequences
NPAs continue to be one of the most serious encounters confronted in the Indian banking sector. This research paper gives a comparison and contrast of NPA levels in the public and private sector banks and their cause and long term effects. The study analyses the financial information of a chosen sample of public and private banks for a given period with a view to assessing trends, sectors of exposure, asset quality and recovery mechanisms. It examines macroeconomic and bank-specific factors leading to a build-up of NPAs, including policy choices, risk intermediary practice, and sectors lending pattern. The evidence indicates that the NPA levels of public sector banks are considerably advanced than that of their private rivals which is largely attributed to policy-driven lending and a delayed recovery process. On the other hand, the private sector banks are characterized by better structured credit appraisal systems and active attempts at risk mitigation. The study carries further analysis on the implications that NPAs have on profitability, credit growth and financial stability. Drawing from the insights obtained, the paper gives strategic recommendations to enhance the quality of assets and NPAs in the bank ecosystem. This study is helpful in policymaking and enhancing the governance in Indian banking sector to ensure soundness in financial health and investor’s confidences.
Prevalence And Clinical Profile Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) Among Young Women: An Urban Vs. Rural Comparison
Background: The hormonal condition that affects women between puberty and menopause known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects numerous women every year. The way patients live together with their eating habits and their place of residence can change how PCOS manifests. The development of localized diagnostic and treatment strategies for young women requires complete knowledge of urban and rural parameters for PCOS prevalence and clinical characteristics. Objectives: To establishes how urban women and rural women with ages between 18 and 30 differ in their PCOS incidence rates and presentation of clinical features by using formal diagnostic criteria. Study design: A prospective study Place and duration of study. Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology HMC Peshawar from Sep 2023 to March 2024 Methods: This study employed stratified random sampling to analyze women within 18–30 years of age from both urban and rural demographics (72 urbans, 48 rural). Patients received PCOS diagnosis by applying the Rotterdam criteria. Studyers obtained data regarding demographics together with clinical features, anthropometry measurements, and hormonal profiles from the study participants. Statistical calculations occurred through SPSS version v26. The Studyers conducted t-tests for analyzing continuous data while Chi-square tests were utilized for categorical data analysis. Statistical significance happened when the p-value became less than 0.05. Results: urban and rural women with PCOS numbered 72 and 48 respectively (p=0.004). The examined PCOS patients in urban areas had a mean age of 23.4 ± 2.8 years but rural patients had a mean age of 23.1 ± 2.6 years (p=0.41). Does BMI evaluation reveal urban subjects maintained a mean BMI of 28.2 ± 3.6 kg/m² exceeding the mean BMI of 24.9 ± 3.2 kg/m² recorded from rural participants (p<0.001). Women who resided in urban areas displayed higher rates of menstrual irregularity together with hirsutism and acne than their rural counterparts. The rates of elevated LH to FSH ratios together with fasting insulin levels were both significantly higher in urban women. The rural PCMOS patients presented with less severe symptoms even though they experienced higher levels of psychosocial distress. The unique characteristics of PCOS express differently between women who live in urban areas compared to those who reside in rural locations. Conclusion: PCOS incidence combined with clinical characteristics that exist between women who reside in urban areas versus rural areas. Urban women presented a higher occurrence of obesity together with hyperandrogenism and metabolic conditions. The symptoms of PCOS appeared less severe in rural women while their mental health issues might remain unidentified. The observed data emphasizes why area-specific awareness programs, screening tests, and therapy methods for PCOS need development to address diverse clinical characteristics in various locations.
Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Nadeem,Muhammad Hussain Afridi,Muhammad Abbas, Amjad Ali
Defining Normal Abdominal Aorta, Common Iliac And Common Femoral Artery Dimensions In Indian Population
Background : It is important to define the normal diameter of Aorta so that clinicians are able to decide when the aorta becomes aneurysmal. However, there is a paucity of literature on the normal diameter of Aorta in the general Indian population and most of the available data are from the West and Anatomic studies. The purpose of this study is to determine the normal reference diameters of the abdominal aorta, Iliac arteries and common femoral arteries in the Indian population. The diameter of the Iliac arteries and common Femoral arteries are important as they form a critical conduit for taking Aortic endoprosthesis in Endovascular Aneurysm repair Purpose: To establish normal diameters for suprarenal and infrarenal segments of abdominal aorta, common Iliac, external Iliac and common femoral arteries and to study the correlation of arterial diameters with age, sex, height, weight, Body mass index (BMI) and Body surface area (BSA) Materials and methods :Six hundred and six patients who underwent multidetector computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen for non-cardiovascular reasons were recruited.The mean internal diameters of the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta (maximum anteroposterior and transverse diameter) were measured at T12 and L3 vertebral levels, mid segments of common iliac artery, external iliac and common femoral artery at the level of the femoral head were tabulated according to various age groups for both men and women. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between arterial diameters, gender, height, weight, BSA, and BMI. Results : The mean diameters of the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta measured at T12 and L3 vertebral levels in males were 17.9 ± 2.29mm and 14.67 ± 1.93 mm and in females 17.5 ± 1.96mm and 14 ± 1.69mm, Common iliac artery in males were 10.33 ± 1.31mm and 10.02 external iliac artery in males were 9.27± 1.02mm and 8.99 ±0.81mm ,Common femoral artery in males were 8.44±0.89mm and 8.23 ± 0.77mm in females respectively. The aortic diameter progressively increased in caliber with increasing age of the patients and was smaller in women than men. Conclusion : We obtained a set of normal values for the arterial diameters at different anatomical level in the Indian population. The aortic diameters at suprarenal and infrarenal segments,common iliac, external iliac and common femoral artery were correlated with age, gender, and body size of the patients as seen with previously published data in the Western population. A brief comparison of data between Indian and Western population showed that the values obtained were less than published elsewhere and hence, this should be considered while formulating intervention protocols.
Pareekshith.R, Sreekumar K.P, Machaiah Kallumadanda Mohan
Healing through Faith: Psychological Impact, Spiritual and Social Resilience of Widowhood in Vrindavan
This qualitative study investigates the change of social exclusion into religiously mediated inclusion among widows in Vrindavan, India. Through feminist ethnography, biographical narratives, and participant observation, it illustrates how widows, often excluded by patriarchal norms, economic disenfranchisement, and familial abandonment, reinterpret their identities through ritual practice, sacred speech, and symbolic religiosity centered around Krishna devotion. Widows reconstruct identities and attain psychological resilience. While Vrindavan provides spiritual refuge and symbolic religious empowerment, inclusion is limited by Hindu scriptures, traditional beliefs, and economic precarity. The study builds on the foundational understanding of social exclusion and extends the discourse by examining the mental health dimensions of widowhood, challenging stereotypical depictions of widowhood by emphasizing the widows' resilience, their coping mechanisms and their social inclusion within complex socio-religious surroundings. Thematic analysis reveals important features that suggests religiosity as bridge that binds both spiritual and psychological coping mechanism that transforms pain into purpose within the sacred geography of Vrindavan, including religious embodiment, and economic engagement via holy labour. Keywords: Social exclusion, Widowhood, Vrindavan, Krishna, Psychological impact, Spiritual resilience.
Ratul Roychowdhury, Harpreet Singh, Vineet Kumar, Sanjana Sharama, Avadhesh Kumar Meena
The Impact of Social Media Influencers on Consumer Purchase Intentions for Organic and Green Products
One of the most consequential factors that may affect buying behavior is social media; this changes the manner in which organizations relate to potential consumers mainly in the organic and green industry.” The objective of this research paper is to look at the role of influencers in influencing consumers’ purchase decisions on organic and green products. In view of increasing the customer consciousness of the populace towards sustainability and environmental concerns, social media influencers have emerged as opinion leaders whose opinions influence purchasing decisions. This paper explores the suitability of influencers’ credibility, trustworthiness and content messages on followers that triggers their attitude toward organic and eco-friendly products. Collecting data by survey, survey respondent consists of varied set of consumers and the aim of analysis was to determine the correlation between the influencer marketing and the consumers’ buying decision. It is for this crucial data that the work showed that influencers endorsing sustainable attributes and genuinely recommending products improve consumer confidence and the potential for buying sustainable products. The paper therefore concludes by reflecting on the prospects, challenges and interventions for marketers and brands employing social media influencers to market organic and environmentally friendly products.
Arti Kumari Gurung, Dr. Chandra Mohan Singh
Design, synthesis, characterization and evaluation of anticancer activity of thiadiazole derivatives
Cancer cells start to grow out of control and form new, abnormal cells. Cancer cells can also invade other tissues. Cancer is a world most threaten problem, therefore the development of potent anticancer agents is the urgent need of society. Compounds with heterocyclic nucleus showed potent anticancer activity, in this continuation of work we designed a series of newer derivatives containing thiadiazole heterocyclic scaffold as potent anticancer agent. All the derivatives were synthesized, characterized for their structure identification and evaluated for anticancer activity. The anticancer activity was evaluated against MCF-7 cancer cell lines by MTT assay. The comp A4 showed the highly potent anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with IC50= 38.59 ± 4.4. The structure activity relationship study revealed that the thidiazole ring is essential for anticancer activity and the substitution of electron withdrawing group at R1 position exhibited more potent activity against breast cancer cell lines. Methyl group at R2 and R3 position showed more potent activity compared to unsubstituted ring. The results of in silico ADMET properties revealed that all the synthesized derivatives not violated any rules of Lipinski and all are drug like compounds. Overall activity result revealed that these derivatives will be used in future as lead molecules for development of anticancer agents.
Study Of Psychosocial Condition Of Tribal Women Due To Kurma Practice And Intervention Of Social Worker With Special Reference To Gadchiroli District
This study compares both the psychosocial conditions of tribal women in Maharashtra's Gadchiroli District affected by the Kurma practice and the potential of social work to reduce their hardships. Although marrying girls through force or persuasion is accepted in the tribe’s Kurma tradition, researchers know little about its mental and social impacts on women. The effects of the Kurma tradition on the emotional, psychological, and social states of tribal women were studied in this work using both quantitative and qualitative research. This study investigates how interventions by social workers are used to resolve these problems. According to the results, social work interventions that include advocacy, empowerment, and counseling have a major impact, and these clearly show that the practice correlates with worsening mental health, low confidence, and isolation.
PRATIK JAMNADAS ZADE, DR. PRANALI KESHAO PATIL
Comprehensive Review of Diabetes Mellitus and the Use of the Herbal Plant Abrus precatorius Linn
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or both. As the incidence of DM continues to increase worldwide, there has been a growing interest in alternative treatment strategies, including the use of medicinal plants. Among these, Abrus precatorius Linn (commonly known as jequirity or rosary pea) has attracted attention due to its reported antidiabetic properties. This review synthesizes the current understanding of Abrus precatorius in diabetes management, detailing its phytochemical constituents, pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. Additionally, the review discusses safety concerns and future research directions, aiming to contextualize its role in complementary medicine.
Mr. Dinesh S. Padavi, Dr. Vikas V. Patil
Ayurveda is the science of ‘AYU’ that means life. As per ayurved life is the equilibrium stage of dosha, dhatu, mala etc. and disturbance in this equilibrium can causes diseases. Pandu is one of these diseases which is known from the vedic period and was also described in hindu treaties like ramayan, mahabharat etc. it is characterized by the change in skin colour like shweta, dhusar, swetaavabhasa, peetavabhasa. Etc. in modern science Pandu can be correlated with anemia, which is mainly occurs due to blood loss both in quality and quantity. Acharya susruta has emphasized that “raktak jivaiti sthiti” that means death can occur in case of impairment or loss of blood. Hence Pandu rog is major concern so the ancient acharya has described the all aspects of Pandu roga like its causes, sighn and symptoms, pathophysiology, complication, treatment etc. in details. Through this review article an effort has been made to collect and understand all these points related to Pandu which will be beneficial further to control and management of the Pandu.
Dr. Ajeet Kumar, Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Pandey, Dr. Sudhanshu Shekhar Tripathi
VARIABILITY ASSESSMENT AMONG MONOTYPIC GENUS TAMARINDUS DISTRIBUTED IN ASSAM (INDIA) USING ISSR MARKERS
Tamarindus popularly known as Tamarind is a tropical or semi-tropical evergreen tree which can withstand drought for extensive period of time and hence, sustained as monotypic genus having various environmental and social issues, as human and animal food, a medicine and used for fuel as well. Several ISSR markers were used to study the genetic diversity and population structure of this important and monotypic medicinal plant collected from six different Agro-climatic zones of Assam within Northeast India as there is no information on the available genotypes of the species in the study area. Fresh and healthy leaf samples were collected from sites geographically located between 22°19' to 28°16' N latitude and 89°42' to 96°30' E longitude with elevation varying between 45 m to 1,960 m spread over an area of 78,438 km2. Morphological characterizations of vegetal variants were done along with extraction of DNA with CTAB method followed by PCR technique. Dendrograms developed using the UPGMA and AMOVA was done with the help of GenAlEx for determination of genetic differentiation between six populations. Wide morphological variation for qualitative morphological traits among identified 94 T. indica genotypes across six different Agro-climatic zones of Assam is justified by Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient (CP) which is 0.8280; and Molecular variance (95% among populations and 5% within populations). The analysis of individuals (variables) using polymorphic ISSR revealed high value of genetic diversity within Assam and clearly separate populations of southern Assam under Hills zone and Barak valley zone from Upper Brahmaputra valley and North Bank plain zone; and Lower Brahmaputra valley and Central Brahmaputra valley zones of Assam. This is the pioneer study of this kind in T. indica from this region of Northeastern India proximate to the eastern Himalaya mega biodiversity hotspot.
Devanjal Bora, Biswajit Paul, Masram Pravin R., Manjula Yadav, Pradip Mohurle, Raj Kumar Pegu
Risk Factors Associated With Intestinal Pathogenic Parasites In School Children
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a major public health issue, particularly among school-aged children in low-resource settings. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal pathogenic parasites and assess associated risk factors among schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 schoolchildren aged 6–14 years from randomly selected schools. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and hygiene practices were collected using structured questionnaires. Stool samples were analyzed using saline and iodine wet mounts, along with formalin-ether concentration techniques. Associations between risk factors and infection were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 37.7% (n = 83). The most common parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (15.5%), Giardia lamblia (12.7%), and Entamoeba histolytica (9.5%). Significant risk factors included lack of handwashing before meals (aOR: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.3–7.3, p < 0.001), drinking untreated water (aOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.7–6.1, p < 0.001), and maternal illiteracy (p < 0.001). Polyparasitism was observed in 31.3% of infected cases. Children aged 6–9 years had a significantly higher infection rate (44.3%) compared to those aged 10–14 years (31.4%) (p = 0.04). Conclusion: A high prevalence of intestinal parasites was observed, strongly linked to modifiable environmental and behavioral risk factors. Interventions focusing on hygiene promotion, clean water access, and health education—particularly targeting young children and caregivers—are urgently needed to reduce the burden of parasitic infections.
Dr. Aida El Alginawi, Naglaa M Shalaby, Yousif S. Adnan, Musa Elhag, Rawabi Mohammed ALjohani, Fatima Hamadain Alnourain Hamed, Manal Satti Awad Elsied, Elray I Ali, Hawa Ibrahim Abdalla Hamid, Tarig Mahmoud Ahmed Hussien, Dr Fahmida Khatoon
Scope of Using Alternative Technology for Bio Medical Waste Management: An Indian Approach
Biomedical waste management presents significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, with particularly complex implications in developing countries like India. This comprehensive review examines the current status and future scope of alternative technologies for biomedical waste (BMW) management in the Indian context. The generation of biomedical waste in hospitals poses substantial hazards to healthcare workers and the environment, necessitating effective management strategies. Traditional methods such as incineration, while widely used, present environmental concerns related to toxic emissions. This paper explores emerging alternative technologies including plasma pyrolysis, microwave-assisted disinfection, electron beam treatment, and bioremediation approaches that offer promising solutions for safer and more sustainable BMW management. The research highlights how these technologies address the limitations of conventional methods while considering India's specific socioeconomic context. Economic viability analysis reveals opportunities for cost-effective implementation across various healthcare facility scales. The paper also critically examines India's regulatory framework through the Biomedical Waste Management Rules of 2016 and subsequent amendments, identifying significant implementation challenges and successes.
Anindya Prosad Konar , Prof. (Dr) Kavita Solanki
Level of Vitamin D Associated with Temporomandibular Disorder Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures, often resulting in pain and dysfunction. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in various musculoskeletal disorders, yet its role in TMD remains unclear. Aim of the study: This study investigates the association between vitamin D levels and the presence of TMD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 157 patients diagnosed with TMD. Demographic data, personal habits, comorbidities, and clinical symptoms were recorded. Serum vitamin D levels were measured, and OPG (orthopantomogram) imaging was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and TMD symptoms. Result: The majority of participants (69.42%) exhibited vitamin D deficiency (<20.00 ng/ml). TMD symptoms such as jaw mobility problems (72.61%), clicking sounds (70.70%), and pain (77.70%) were commonly reported. Abnormal OPG findings were observed in 95.54% of the subjects. Additionally, comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus (19.74%) and smoking (25.48%) were prevalent in the study population. A significant association between low vitamin D levels and the presence of TMD symptoms was found. Conclusion: Our study suggests a significant association between low serum vitamin D levels and temporomandibular disorder symptoms. These findings support the potential role of vitamin D in TMD pathophysiology, highlighting the need for further research to explore therapeutic interventions involving vitamin D supplementation for TMD patients.
A Study On Patient Level Of Satisfaction With Inpatient Department At Krishna Institute Of Medical Sciences
Patient satisfaction serves as a pivotal metric for assessing the quality and performance of healthcare services. This study evaluates the satisfaction levels of inpatients at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Srikakulam, focusing on key service areas such as clinical care, nursing, dietary services, and hospital infrastructure. A structured questionnaire was administered to 300 inpatients, revealing high satisfaction with doctors’ and nurses’ services, and moderate satisfaction with housekeeping and dietary services. The findings highlight critical areas for improvement and suggest targeted interventions for enhancing patient experience in tertiary care hospitals.
Komali Malla, Ravi Kumar Tati, Pradeep Kumar Vegi
Evaluation Of Subgingival Fusobacterium Nucleatum Levels After Srp With Adjunctive Aloe Vera As Ldd In Chronic Periodontitis – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Context: Periodontitis is the inflammatory disease results from the interaction between microorganisms and immune response in a susceptible host. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tanerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum are most notorious organisms implicated in destruction of periodontal tissues. Scaling and Root planing (SRP) is considered as “Gold Standard” initial treatment of periodontitis. As an adjunct to SRP, Naturopathic medicines as Local drug delivery (LDD) system has become an effective treatment option. Aloe Vera species is extensively used in Periodontology as LDD due to its easy availability and innumerable medicinal properties with minimal or no adverse effects. Aims: To Compare Subgingival Fusobacterium nucleatum levels and Clinical parameters after SRP with Adjunctive Aloe vera as LDD in Chronic Periodontitis patients. Settings and Design: A Split Mouth, Double Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods and Material: 35 subjects were randomized to test (SRP with Aloe vera gel) and control group (SRP alone). Clinical parameters (PPD, CAL, GBI and PI) were recorded and plaque samples were collected for F. nucleatum assessment. All subjects received SRP and test group alone received subgingival delivery of 0.5ml Aloe vera gel. Parameters were reassessed at 1 and 3 months. Statistical analysis used: Mann Whitney U test, T test & Repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Post-Op 3-months RT-PCR showed statistically significant values (p-value=0.01*) between both groups from baseline till 3 months. Conclusion: Since Aloe vera gel reduces levels of F. nucleatum and improves clinical parameters, it can be used as LDD.
N. Prem Kumar, S. Senthilnathan, H. Gayathri, S. Thirumalai, E. Ahila, P. Hema
The Early Detector of Malocclusion: Dermatoglyphics and Lip Prints – An Invivo Study
Background: Lip prints and fingerprints are unique to each individual and have significant applications in personal identification and forensic science. This study investigates the correlation between predominant lip and fingerprint patterns with permanent molar relationships and facial profiles among dental students. Aim: To determine the association between lip print patterns, fingerprint patterns, permanent molar relationships, and facial profiles. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 female dental students from Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Puducherry. Lip prints were obtained using the lipstick-cellophane method and analyzed according to Tsuchihashi and Suzuki’s classification, focusing on the middle 10 mm of the lower lip. Fingerprints were recorded using an ink pad and classified based on Galton’s classification. Molar relationships were assessed using Angle’s classification, and facial profiles were categorized as straight, convex, or concave. Data analysis included frequency distribution and Chi-square tests to identify significant associations. Results: The distribution of molar relationships showed that Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent (67.6%), followed by Class II (24.3%) and Class III (8.1%). Correlation between Lip patterns ,Fingerprint patterns ,facial profile and molar relationships were assessed. Branched lip patterns were predominant in Class I (67.6%), Class II (65.8%), and Class III (52.4%).Reticular lip patterns were more common in Class III malocclusion (19.0%).Loop patterns of finger prints were most prevalent in Class I (45.7%), whereas whorl patterns were dominant in Class III (57.1%).Arch patterns were the least common in all malocclusion classes, with Class I showing a 10.5% prevalence.Branched lip patterns were observed in 67.6% of straight profiles and 65.6% of convex profiles. Concave profiles exhibited a higher prevalence of reticular patterns (23.1%).Loop patterns were predominant in straight (35.8%) and convex (58.7%) profiles. Whorl patterns showed the highest prevalence in concave profiles (76.9%). Conclusion: The study highlights a significant correlation between dermatoglyphic patterns, molar relationships, and facial profiles. Early identification of these markers can help in predicting susceptibility to malocclusion and planning preventive or interceptive orthodontic treatments.
Oral Premalignant Conditions And Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review Of Salivary Biomarkers As A Diagnosis Tool
The term "biomarker" refers to measurable and quantifiable biological parameters that can be used as indicators for assessments of health and physiology, such as pathogenic processes, environmental exposure, disease diagnosis and prognosis, or pharmacologic reactions to a therapeutic intervention. Saliva is a complex bodily fluid that, like blood, is known to contain a number of cellular and molecular components. Saliva collection is easy, safe, non-invasive, and economical, which are all benefits of using saliva as a diagnostic tool. It also has the advantages of being simple to sample, handle, and process. Due to these factors, saliva evaluation could be thought of as a potential replacement for blood and/or tissue analyses to investigate certain molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites) connected to the occurrence of systemic illnesses and malignancies. Changes in the expression of proteins and mRNA markers in saliva can result from mutational activities that turn healthy cells malignant. Researchers have looked into the clinical importance of salivary biomarkers in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, salivary gland cancers, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The significance of salivary biomarkers, even for the detection of OSCC, has grown as a result of further studies. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the use of saliva as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of oral cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma. MMP-9 (specificity 100%) and Chemerin (specificity 100%) were highly specific indicators for oral squamous cell carcinoma. PUBMED, Google, manual searches, and 20 publications back references from the previous five years were included in the search approach
Dr. Sushmaa Kumar, Dr. Shabana Fathima S, Dr Sudhakar R, Dr. Vishnukumar, Dr. Amirthaa Priyadharscini Ravichandran, Dr. Nitheash. P
Hypertaurodontism Involving Permanent Maxillary First Molars – A Case Report
Taurodontism is a rare dental abnormality affecting mostly the permanent and primary molars and are usually found in association with other disorders or as a part of syndrome. It is caused due to the failure of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath( HERS ) to invaginate at the proper horizontal level. It is characterized by wide enlarged, elongated pulp chamber with the apical displacement of pulpal floor and also it lacks the cervical constriction which is characteristic of this area with extremely short roots. [1] In this article we are reporting a rare case of a 28 year old female patient presented with taurodontism involving the developed permanent first molars of first and second quadrants, which was not associated with any other anomalies or syndromes.
Dr. Manoj Kumar, Dr. Shabana Fathima, Dr Sudhakar R, Dr. Amirthaa Priyadharscini
Exploring Aggression in Boxing: A Comparative Study of Male and Female Boxers
This study investigates gender differences in sports aggression among state-level male and female boxers in Delhi. Using Makarowski's Sports Aggression Questionnaire, the study measured three aggression sub-components: Go-Ahead, Foul Play, and Assertiveness. Results indicated a significant difference in Foul Play scores, with males exhibiting higher tendencies. However, no significant differences were observed in Go-Ahead and Assertiveness between genders. These findings contribute to the growing discourse on gendered aggression in sports and provide useful insights for coaching and sports psychology practices.
A Comparison of Male and Female Football Players' Motivation for Achievement
This study investigates the differences in achievement motivation between male and female football players at the intercollegiate level. Forty football players (20 male, 20 female), aged 18–25, from the University of Delhi participated in the research. Data was gathered using Kamlesh's (1990) Sports Achievement Motivation Test (SAMT). Male players showed greater achievement motivation than their female counterparts (p = 0.003), according to statistical research employing descriptive statistics and an independent t-test. The findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive psychological training in sports settings.
Trauma And Loneliness: Understanding Their Interplay In Post-Traumatic Growth
Understanding the nature of trauma, which is a possible antecedent of loneliness is utmost important among youth to recognize possible hindrances in coping from stressful life event. Social isolation plays a major role in the perception of trauma which is entirely subjective in nature. The present study intends to assess the association between loneliness, trauma symptomatology and post-traumatic growth. A sample of 116 emerging adults of age range 18-29 from different parts of Haryana were included in the study. The results of the study revealed significant negative correlation between family loneliness and Post-traumatic Growth. Also, both loneliness and trauma symptoms facilitate levels of Post-traumatic Growth, with loneliness contributing slightly more to the experience of Post-traumatic Growth. The study tried to investigate if loneliness plays a moderating role between the relationship of trauma symptomatology and post-traumatic growth, but no significant moderation was found.
Divya Vashistha, Fatima Shanawaz, Payal Kanwar Chandel, Ananya, Nidhi Kalonia
Impact of structured intervention on multi-dimensional self-concept among secondary school students: A controlled comparative study
The research examines how a structured school-based intervention affects the multidimensional self-concept of 9th-grade students in Lucknow. The research employed a pretest–post-test control group design to study 112 students who received equal distribution between experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 45 minutes of guided cyclic meditation every day throughout 03 month (working days)as part of their intervention while the control group maintained their regular academic activities. The Children's Self Concept Scale (CSCS-AS) measured self-concept through its evaluation of Behaviour, Intellectual and School Status, Physical Appearance and Attribute, Anexiety, Popularity , Happiness and Satisfaction dimensions. The experimental group participants outperformed the control group participants in all dimensions of the assessment after the intervention period. The study data demonstrated significant statistical results (p < 0.05) through independent samples t-tests which produced large effect sizes for all measured variables. The evaluation of structured meditation-based approaches demonstrates their ability to heighten adolescents’ self-image and emotional wellbeing. This research supports adding evidence-based programs for self-concept development to secondary curriculum while demonstrating the importance of studying long-term effects on development through continuous research.
USG Guidance Extra Corporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in 30 cases of Renal Calculi
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a noninvasive procedure that uses shock waves to break up stones in the kidney, including the upper ureter. Ultrasound or X-rays guide the shock waves to the stone's location during the procedure. The patient may lie on a padded table or sit in a tub of water while the shock waves are delivered. To evaluate the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for upper ureteric calculi of size ≤ 20mm without ureteral stenting. This was a prospective study conducted in the department of Urology BSMMU from July 2023 to August 2024. A total of 30 patients aged between 10 and 70 years with renal calculi underwent ESWL using the Dornier Compact Sigma Lithotripter. Stone size was calculated by measuring the largest dimension of the stone in KUB plain films. In each session, 3000–3500 shocks were given at a frequency of 60–90 per minute and intensity between 1 and 4. A maximum number of five sessions were provided. Successful treatment was defined as complete clearance or residual stones smaller than 4 mm on KUB performed 3 months after the first session. Of 30 patients, the M: F ratio was 1:1.2. The stone size ranged from 5 to 20 mm. The overall success rate was 94.6%. For stones >15 mm, the success rate was only 77.7%. The number of sessions increases as the stone size increases. The most common complication encountered was haematuria. Our study showed ESWL as a primary modality for less than 20mm upper ureteric stones.
Mohammed Rafiqul Islam, Md. Jahangir Hossain, Md. Mostafizur Rahaman, Md. Nabid Alam, Samira Choudhury, Sayem Al Monsur Faizi, A K Al Miraj NA
From Junk To Fragility: Nutritional Pathways Linking Obesity And Osteoporosis- A Review Study
Obesity and osteoporosis, once considered unrelated or even inversely correlated, are now understood to share a complex and interconnected pathophysiology. This review explores how unhealthy dietary patterns—especially those rich in processed, calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods—contribute to obesity and, subsequently, lead to bone fragility and osteoporosis. Integrating insights from modern science and classical Ayurvedic texts, the article examines mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, marrow adiposity, and micronutrient deficiencies. Obesity-related metabolic changes, including elevated cytokines and disrupted leptin and insulin signaling, significantly impair bone remodeling. Ayurveda explains this degeneration through the concept of Meda Dhatu Vriddhi, which disturbs the sequential nourishment of Asthi Dhatu, leading to Asthi Kshaya. The review underscores how Ama formation, Agni Dushti, and Kapha-Meda accumulation further obstruct bone nourishment. Through a dual-lens approach, the paper emphasizes the urgent need for dietary reform and integrative preventive strategies. Promoting Agni, reducing Kapha-aggravating foods, and adopting balanced nutrition may not only address obesity but also strengthen skeletal health. This fusion of Ayurveda and biomedicine offers a comprehensive understanding of the "junk to fragility" transition and guides future research and public health initiatives.
Comparative Analysis of Natural and Artificial Beverages Based on Physicochemical Parameters
With the growing consumption of both natural and artificial beverages, it is essential to evaluate their physicochemical properties and nutritional relevance, particularly for individuals with health concerns such as hypertension. This study compares various natural beverages—such as coconut water, sugarcane juice, and fruit juices—with popular artificial drinks including carbonated sodas and packaged juices. Parameters analyzed include density, sodium (Na), potassium (K), salinity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH. The results reveal that natural beverages typically exhibit higher potassium levels, moderate sodium content, and pH values closer to neutral, making them more suitable for maintaining electrolyte balance and supporting cardiovascular health. For example, natural coconut water contains 4415 ppm of potassium with a pH of 4.6, whereas artificial coconut water contains significantly less potassium (191.4 ppm) despite a similar pH. Artificial beverages generally show elevated sodium, lower potassium, and highly acidic pH values (ranging from 2.3 to 3.3), potentially exacerbating health issues such as hypertension and gastric irritation. The findings highlight the nutritional superiority and lower acidity of natural beverages and support their inclusion in the diet, particularly for individuals managing blood pressure. This study emphasizes the need for conscious beverage selection and greater public awareness of the potential health impacts associated with frequent consumption of artificially formulated drinks.
Kumari Yashoda, Kumari Arati Mahato, Leelawati Kumari
Statistical Analysis of BMI and Blood Pressure Variations Across Age Groups and Genders: An ANOVA-Based Study in Dhanbad District, Jharkhand
The present study investigates the influence of age and gender on Body Mass Index (BMI), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) in adults from Dhanbad District, Jharkhand, using ANOVA-based statistical analysis. Significant differences in BMI and SBP were observed across age groups (p < 0.05), with older age groups showing higher values, suggesting age-related physiological influences on these measures. Conversely, DBP did not differ significantly with age (p > 0.05), indicating relative stability across age groups. Gender analysis revealed significant differences in both SBP and DBP (p < 0.05), with males exhibiting higher blood pressure levels than females, while BMI showed no significant gender-based differences. Effect size measures (η²) indicated moderate associations between age and BMI/SBP, and smaller but significant associations between gender and blood pressure. These findings highlight the importance of considering both age and gender in cardiovascular risk assessment and suggest that targeted interventions should be tailored accordingly to address age- and gender-specific variations in blood pressure and BMI.
Kumari Arati Mahato, Kumari Yashoda, Leelawati Kumari
Unified ARL-Caching Mechanisms: Enabling Deterministic and Non-Deterministic Framework Compatibility for Eﬀicient Resource Management
In contemporary computing environments, systems often operate under both deterministic and non-deterministic execution paradigms, creating significant challenges for traditional caching mechanisms designed for static behavior models. This paper proposes a unified Adaptive Resource-Level (ARL) caching blueprint that dynamically adapts to the execution context, enabling eﬀicient and consistent resource management across both deterministic and non-deterministic frameworks. The proposed mechanism leverages workload profiling, context-aware prediction, and adaptive cache replacement policies to optimize performance and resource utilization. We present a formal system model and detail the architectural components of the unified ARL-caching approach. Through extensive simulations and real-world benchmarks, we evaluate the performance of our framework against established caching strategies. Results demonstrate marked improvements in cache hit rates, latency reduction, and system throughput in mixed-execution environments, validating the eﬀicacy and generalizability of the proposed blueprint. This research lays the groundwork for future developments in caching strategies tailored for hybrid and dynamic computing ecosystems.
An Effective Machine Learning Framework for Quick Detection of Thyroid Ailment Using Various Classification Algorithms
Thyroid ailment is a prevalent health condition affecting a significant portion of the global population, and quick detection is critical for effective treatment. This study focuses on improving thyroid ailment prediction by utilizing machine learning (ML) models, specifically the XGBoost algorithm, in combination with hyperparameter optimization techniques. The goal of this work is to develop a robust predictive model that can accurately classify patients based on their demographic and medical data, such as age, gender, and thyroid hormone levels. The optimization of hyperparameters allows the model to fine-tune its performance, achieving higher accuracy and reducing the training time and memory requirements. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms traditional ML models like Decision Tree, KNN, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine, making it a promising solution for quick detection and classification of thyroid ailment. In the proposed framework, the XGBoost algorithm, known for its powerful prediction capabilities and wide range of customizable hyperparameters, is employed to categorize patients across multiple severity levels of thyroid-related ailments. The optimization process involves identifying the best hyperparameter values to maximize model performance. The model is trained and evaluated on a shared dataset, and its accuracy is compared with other ML models to ensure its superiority. The results demonstrate that the proposed XGBoost-based model achieves the highest accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, proving its potential as an effective tool for thyroid ailment prediction. By optimizing hyperparameters and fine-tuning the model, the study presents a promising step towards more accurate, reliable, and efficient healthcare diagnostics.
An Optimized Machine Learning Model For Detecting Face Spoofing In Biometric System
Face biometric-based access control systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in daily life; however, they remain susceptible to spoofing attacks. Addressing the need for robust and reliable anti-spoofing methods is essential. While deep learning techniques have shown promise in computer vision applications, their effectiveness in face spoofing detection is often hampered by the vast number of parameters and the limited availability of training data. This paper proposes a highly accurate face spoof detection system leveraging multiple feature extraction methods and deep learning. The system processes input video by extracting frames based on content, followed by cropping the face region from each frame. From these cropped images, multiple features are extracted, including Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HoG), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Center Symmetric LBP (CSLBP), and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). These features are then used to train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The proposed system's performance was evaluated using the Replay-Attack database, demonstrating superior results in spoof detection compared to other state-of-the-art techniques.
Longitudinal Study of Peri-Implant Crestal Bone Loss in Relation to Periodontal Status of Adjacent Teeth
Background: Dental implants are a successful therapeutic option for missing teeth, yet their long-term success can be impacted by peri-implant diseases, particularly peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. These conditions involve progressive bone loss around the implant, with the periodontal health of adjacent teeth playing a crucial role in peri-implant tissue stability. Objective: The primary aim of this study is to longitudinally evaluate peri-implant crestal bone loss (PICBL) over an extended follow-up period, focusing on the influence of the periodontal status of adjacent natural teeth on bone stability around dental implants. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted with a sample of 48 dental implants, categorized into two groups based on the periodontal health of adjacent teeth: healthy and periodontally compromised. Data were collected on periodontal parameters, implant placement protocols, and radiographic assessments. Crestal bone loss was measured through periapical radiographs taken at baseline, prosthetic loading, and subsequent follow-ups. Statistical analysis included mixed-effects linear regression to assess the impact of periodontal health on PICBL. Results: The study found that implants adjacent to periodontally compromised teeth experienced significantly greater bone loss (mean: 0.54 mm) compared to those adjacent to healthy teeth (mean: 0.32 mm, p < 0.01). Periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing, were significantly worse in the compromised group, suggesting an inflammatory pathway linking periodontal health to peri-implant bone loss. No implant failures occurred, though peri-implant mucositis was more frequent near diseased teeth. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant influence of adjacent periodontal health on peri-implant crestal bone loss. Implants adjacent to periodontally compromised teeth showed greater early-stage bone loss, emphasizing the need for comprehensive periodontal management before and after implant placement to optimize long-term implant success.
Ritu Dahiya , Komal Puri , Siddharth Garg, Manvir Singh Sidhu , Divya Rathi, Ranjan Kumar Bhaskar
Comparative Evaluation Of Posterior Mediastinal Lesions
Background: Posterior mediastinal lesions manifest with a variety of diseases ranging from benign neurogenic tumors to malignancies like lymphomas and esophageal tumors. Accurate diagnosis and differentiation between benign and malignant lesions are of crucial significance to plan proper treatment. In this study, an evaluation was conducted concerning imaging features of posterior mediastinal lesions and histopathological correlations. Methodology: This future, observational research was conducted for 18 months at Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth Hospital. 42 patients who were suspected to have posterior mediastinal lesions underwent chest radiographs, barium swallow, CT scan, and MRI. The findings were compared with histopathological findings. Statistical analysis including sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with histopathology was performed by chi-square tests. Results: The study found malignancy to be higher in patients aged 61-80 years, and certain symptoms such as pain, lump in the abdomen, and hoarseness of voice were highly correlated with malignancy. Imaging features such as margins of the mass, erosion of rib/sternum, and lymphadenopathy were highly correlated with malignancy. Features like heterogeneous enhancement, irregular lesion morphology, and involvement of adjacent structures on CT/MRI scans suggested malignant lesions. Barium swallow findings like infiltrative and lobulated patterns also seen with malignancy. Conclusion: Clinical history, imaging features, and histopathology all contribute to the accurate diagnosis of posterior mediastinal lesions. Some symptoms and imaging findings, such as irregular margins, lymphadenopathy, and heterogeneous enhancement, are crucial in distinguishing malignant from benign lesions.
An Analysis For Determination Of The Factors Influencing Consumer Purchase Behaviour Towards Solar Energy Products.
Solar energy products are an increasingly popular way to reduce your carbon footprint. Consumers have developed a greater interest in the potential environmental impact this technology has on their habits and the earth, as well as their pocketbooks. This study analyzes consumer buying behaviour and the importance of factors influencing purchasing solar energy products in order to develop strategies for increasing demand. The study has considered a sample of 236 respondents from Pune District who have purchased solar energy products in the past one year. The findings of the study reveal that the major decision of the consumers to purchase solar energy products is dependent on the reliability and service offered by the installers and dealers. The socio-economic factors like financial stability, employment status are also significant. The study has concluded that if consumers are provided with adequate information about the solar energy products, have convenient purchasing options (installation, service) and if they see it as an investment in their future, then this would definitely increase buying behaviour.
Dr. Swapnil A. Shah, Dr. Devkumar Mahisekar, Dr. Viresh B. Parkhe
The Impact Of Lifestyle Modifications On Reducing Cardiovascular Risk In Middle-Aged Women
Background: Perimenopausal women commonly experience a variety of physical and psychological symptoms due to hormonal changes. Healthy lifestyle modifications are recognized as an effective non-pharmacological approach to reduce these symptoms and enhance quality of life.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of healthy lifestyle modifications on reducing perimenopausal symptoms and improving lifestyle behaviors among perimenopausal women.Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted on 120 perimenopausal women. Data were collected using a structured interview questionnaire, the Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS), and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) before and after implementing a health education intervention focused on lifestyle modifications.Results: The study showed a significant post-intervention improvement in perimenopausal symptoms. Moderate symptoms decreased from 31.6% to 0%, while 50.8% reported no symptoms after intervention. MRS scores significantly declined and HPLP scores improved (P = 0.001). Additionally, symptom improvement was significantly associated with age, education, and residence.Conclusion: Healthy lifestyle modifications are highly effective in reducing perimenopausal symptoms and improving lifestyle behaviors. Health education plays a crucial role in enabling women to adopt healthier behaviors during the perimenopausal transition.
Mervat Ali Khamis , Azza Anwar Aly , Hanaa Ibrahim El Sayed , Wafaa Hassan Awad
Artificial Intelligence in Employee Evaluations: Fairness and Effectiveness in Nagpur’s IT Sector
By automating the review process, providing data-driven insights, and improving decision-making, artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed conventional performance evaluation methods. But there are still serious worries about prejudice, lack of transparency, and unfairness in performance rating systems powered by AI. This research takes a look at the IT sector in Nagpur to see how well and fairly AI-based performance assessment methods work. In order to gauge how IT workers and HR managers feel about AI-driven performance reviews, this study uses a mixed-methods strategy, using both survey and interview data. Critical aspects including precision, impartiality, reducing prejudice, trust among employees, and organisational buy-in are examined. The results show that AI-powered assessments are more efficient and consistent, which are great advantages, but they also address problems like algorithmic bias and a lack of human empathy. The report wraps up with suggestions for improving AI-based evaluation systems to make sure they're fair, transparent, and make employees happy. This study adds to the current conversation on the moral implications of using AI in HRM by shedding light on the topic for politicians, businesses, and IT engineers.
Roma Kumari Gupta, Dr. Chandrabhan M. Tembhurnekar
Emotional Intelligence and Adjustment Patterns of Talented versus Normal Students: Evidence from Secondary Schools in Kanpur
This work looks into how emotions, or emotional intelligence, affect the way students in secondary schools of Kanpur district adjust. The ability to control and understand emotions matters a lot for students’ behavior, grades, and mental wellness. Adjustment means the ability of students to respond to new situations in areas of social, emotional, and educational activity in school. This research uses the comparative research design and randomly picks 400 students, making sure that both gifted students and their normal peers are split evenly between public and private secondary schools. Stable and accurate ratings were collected by using set instruments for measuring emotional intelligence and adjustment. The paired t-test and correlation analysis were used to find out if there were differences and connections between the groups. Evidence shows that gifted students have much greater emotional intelligence than normal students. However, some people find it tough to change as much as their emotions need. Talented individuals usually do well in school but often face some problems adapting socially and emotionally because they are self-aware. Alternatively, regular students tend to cope well in most areas and have slightly fewer emotional intelligence abilities. The study points out that there should be specific emotional and psychological support strategies made for each group’s individual needs. For students with abilities, schools should help them fit in and be strong emotionally, while making emotional intelligence better for regular students can greatly support how they deal with things at school. The article concludes by urging schools to adopt inclusive policies and train teachers on how to take care of diverse emotional and adjustment needs in students so they develop entirely.
Dr. Dinesh Kumar Maurya, Vikas Kumar Jaiswar
An Efficient Deep Learning Approach For Predicting Household Energy Load In Smart Energy Systems
Accurate prediction of household energy consumption is vital for the efficient operation of smart energy systems, enabling demand-side management, cost optimization, and grid stability. This paper presents an efficient deep learning-based approach for forecasting household energy load by leveraging the temporal and nonlinear patterns inherent in smart meter data. The proposed framework incorporates advanced deep learning architectures such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to model short-term and long-term dependencies in energy usage. Key external factors including weather conditions, time of day, and occupancy patterns are integrated to enhance prediction accuracy. The model is trained and evaluated using real-world datasets, with performance measured against traditional and machine learning baselines. Results demonstrate significant improvements in forecast accuracy and computational efficiency, making the approach highly suitable for real-time smart home energy management applications. This research contributes toward intelligent energy systems by supporting proactive load balancing and sustainable energy consumption.
Correlation Between Breast Cancer Receptors And The Mean Platelet Volume Ratio
Background: Women worldwide die most from breast cancer. To understand cancer prognosis, tumour markers, receptor status, and haematological parameters have been correlated. This study examined the association between breast cancer receptor status (ER, PR, and HER2) and the Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) ratio, an emerging haematological diagnostic. An changed MPV ratio may connect with breast cancer aggressiveness and receptor status. Methods: A retrospective cohort research at SIMS Hospital, Shivamogga, from January 2022 to June 2024. From medical records, 30 breast cancer patients were included. The study included pre-treatment blood tests to obtain clinical demographics, histopathological findings, receptor status (ER, PR, HER2), and MPV values. MPV and MPV ratio were computed for each subject. Chi-square testing and Pearson correlation analysis established the receptor status-MPV ratio relationship.Study results indicate a substantial link between MPV ratio and receptor status, with larger ratios in ER-negative, PR-negative, and HER2-positive breast cancer subtypes among 30 patients. Compared to other receptor status groups, HER2-positive individuals had a substantially higher mean MPV ratio (p < 0.05). MPV ratio did not correlate with tumour grade or stage. Conclusion :This study suggests that MPV ratio might be a cost-effective tool to determine breast cancer aggressiveness, in addition to receptor status. Higher MPV ratios were linked to more aggressive receptor profiles, especially in HER2-positive patients. MPV ratio as a breast cancer biomarker needs more prospective trials to prove its therapeutic value.
Sunil H , Dr. Swaroop Mallesh ,Vijayashree Singh
Assessing the Impact of Information Technology Solutions on Performance Appraisal and Improvement in State Bank of India
This paper evaluates how information technology solutions have enhanced performance appraisal and enhancement in the State bank of India. The central aim was to find out whether the adoption of technology leads to fairness, objectivity, accuracy and improvement in the assessment process at large. The questionnaire with the analysis of the answers (structured questionnaire) was conducted among 100 employees, with the help of the research design of descriptive and analytical approach to research. The Pearson correlation showed that there was a high, notable and positive significant connection (correlation = +0.79; p < 0.01) between performance appraisal enhancement and information technology solutions. Most of the respondents provided concurrence on the view that there is greater systematization, reliability, and unbiasedness in the application of appraisal mechanisms that are technology-aided and also there was a slight reservation with regard to the decreased human influences in the appraisal process. The paper has established that a combination of information technology with performance appraisal practice should introduce a culture of equality, trustworthiness, and growth of employees that in the long run will enhance organizational performance. These benefits are more likely to be maximized through proper training, policy guidelines, audit and reviews at an interval.
Mervin Marian Lazarus, Dr Ramprakash O Panchariya
A Study Of Ascription Of Responsibilityand Environmental Value In Relation To Energy Conservation Behavior Among Adolescents
The current study was explore the relationships between energy conservation behavior, awareness of consequences, and personal beliefs among adolescents. A correlational research design was used to measure the relationships between these variables, as there is no control over them. Data were collected on a total of 200 adolescents from different rural and urban school of Bihar Two tools were be used for data collection in this research. The following results were obtained: The fact that the coefficient of correlation has a positive value indicates that the two variables are in fact connected to one another in a direct manner. It indicates that there will be an increase in the attribution of blame in the same direction if there is an increase in understanding of the consequences. According to these findings, it is reasonable to assume that there is a positive and substantial association between the ascription of responsibility and the energy conservation behaviour of adolescents to one another. These finding suggest presuming relationship between values and energy conservation behavior of adolescences were found positive and significantly related to each other. The coefficient of correlation was positive, indicating a direct relationship between the two variables. An increase in the ascription of responsibility is likely to correlate with a rise in energy conservation behavior in a similar manner. The findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between the ascription of responsibility and energy conservation behavior among adolescents.
Understanding the Role of Criminal Propensity in different Offence motivation among Larceny Offenders in India
This study investigates the relationship between criminal propensity and various motivations for committing larceny among adult male prisoners in India. Focusing on motivations such as compliance, excitement, provocation, and financial gain, this research aims to explain how these factors correlate with the likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior. Utilizing an exploratory research design, a sample of 135 adult male prisoners, convicted under IPC sections 378 and 379 for larceny offenses, was selected from diverse jails across India. Participants were chosen based on power analysis to ensure strong findings, and data collection was conducted within the prison to maintain a controlled environment. Two primary instruments were employed: the Offending Motivation Questionnaire and the Criminal Propensity Scale. The results reveal significant correlations between higher levels of criminal propensity and motivations for larceny, including compliance, excitement, provocation, and financial. It also highlights that individuals with high criminal propensity often show behaviors ranging from thrill-seeking to confrontational tendencies, aligning with existing literature that suggests sensation-seeking traits predict risky behaviors. Notably, compliance does not eliminate criminal tendencies; individuals may comply due to external pressures rather than genuine respect for the law. Furthermore, intercorrelations among offense motivations suggest that these traits are interconnected rather than isolated. This complexity implies that interventions focused solely on enhancing compliance may be inadequate; addressing multiple motivational factors is essential.
Association of Various Factors with Gallbladder Malignancy in Patients Surgically Treated with Malignancy
Introduction: Gallbladder cancer occurs when malignant (cancer) cells grow in your gallbladder. Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ in the upper right of your abdomen, just under your liver. The main reason is that most gallbladder malignancy patients are asymptomatic, and the symptoms are similar to those of benign gallbladder diseases such as cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Thus, the diagnosis of malignancy is often delayed and the outcomes of patients with gallbladder malignancy are poor. This study will examine the prevalence of these factors in patients who have undergone surgery for gallbladder disease, and determine if there is a correlation with the development of gallbladder cancer. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional and observational study was carried out in the Department of Surgery BSMMU from July 2023 to August 2024. Total of 100 patients were included in the study. Patients who had undergone gallbladder surgery at the hospital were recruited for the study using consecutive sampling. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data was collected through a structured questionnaire and digital Vernier slide calliper, after obtaining informed written consent. Results: The present study findings showed that the majority (65%) of the participants were between the age of 50-59 years, with 38% being male and 62% being female. The most common comorbidities were diabetes (63%), hypertension (44%) and anaemia (40%). The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain (76%) and the most common histopathological diagnosis was chronic calculous cholecystitis (49%), while 20% of participants had gallbladder carcinoma. The study found an association between age, gallbladder wall thickness and gallbladder malignancy. Participants who were 60 years or older were 4.865 times more likely to have gallbladder carcinoma and those with severe wall thickness (>10mm) were 13.32 times more likely to have gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusion: The most common comorbidities were diabetes, hypertension, and anaemia, while the most common clinical presentations were abdominal pain, anorexia, and nausea. 20% of participants had gallbladder carcinoma. Elderly females with gall bladder diseases should be evaluated extensively for early diagnosis and management of gall bladder carcinoma. All resected gall bladder specimens should be examined by the histopathological study to confirm the diagnosis.
: Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Sayem Al Monsur Faizi, Md. Saiful Islam, Rana Jahangin Alam, Md. Jahangir Hossain, Iftakhar Sakil, Mohammad Salim, Ferdous Alam
Comparative Analysis of Renal Function Status between Term and Preterm Neonates: Implications for Clinical Care
Introduction: Neonatal renal function is a critical determinant of early health outcomes, especially in preterm neonates whose nephrogenesis may be incomplete at birth. Acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet remains underdiagnosed, particularly in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh. Aim of the Study: The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of renal function status in term versus preterm neonates to evaluate implications for clinical care. Methods: This hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Bangladesh over a period of six months, from May to November 2024. Fifty neonates (25 term ≥37 weeks and 25 preterm <37 weeks) were enrolled consecutively. Serum creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were measured at 24 hours and 7 days of life. AKI was defined according to modified neonatal KDIGO criteria. Statistical analysis included t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the 50 neonates studied, preterm neonates had significantly lower birth weights (1.78±0.35 kg) than term neonates (2.77±0.41 kg; p<0.001). Cesarean section was the predominant mode of delivery overall (80.0%), more common in preterms (88.0%) than terms (72.0%; p=0.028) Cesarean delivery was the predominant mode overall (80.0%), being more common in preterm (88.0%) than term neonates (72.0%; p=0.028). Male neonates predominated in both groups, though not statistically significant. Preterm neonates had higher serum creatinine at 24 hours (0.82±0.31 vs. 0.68±0.24 mg/dL; p=0.041) and 7 days (0.71±0.28 vs. 0.52±0.19 mg/dL; p=0.003). Blood urea at 7 days was also elevated in preterms (31.2±14.7 vs. 22.8±9.4 mg/dL; p=0.014). Reduced urine output was more common in preterms at 24 hours (40.0% vs. 12.0%; p=0.008) and 7 days (24.0% vs. 4.0%; p=0.023). AKI prevalence was significantly higher in preterms (48.0%) than in term neonates (16.0%; p=0.013). Preterm birth was an independent predictor of AKI (adjusted OR=4.12; p=0.038). Conclusion: Preterm neonates demonstrated significantly higher rates of AKI and impaired renal function compared to term neonates, underscoring the need for routine renal function monitoring and early intervention in this high-risk population.
Biological Properties Of Monstera Deliciosa Using Zinc Nanoparticles
The tropical Monstera deliciosa is well-known for its aesthetic value as well as its bioactive and therapeutic qualities. The use of metal-based nanoparticles to increase medicinal plants' biological potential has recently become possible because to developments in nanotechnology. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical qualities of Monstera deliciosa are the subject of this research, which investigates the effect of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) on these biological traits. We used spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), to determine the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the ZnNPs that were synthesized using both chemical and green methods. By examining its development, biochemical make-up, and the improvement of its bioactive components, the relationship between ZnNPs and Monstera deliciosa was evaluated. Disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were used to assess the antibacterial effectiveness against various bacterial and fungal strains, while assays including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging were used to quantify the antioxidant activity of plant extracts treated with ZnNPs. The effects of ZnNP exposure on secondary metabolite synthesis were also investigated by phytochemical screening. The findings showed that Monstera deliciosa's antioxidant capacity and antibacterial potential were greatly improved after treatment with ZnNPs, suggesting that ZnNPs may be used as bio stimulants to boost the therapeutic potential of plant-derived extracts. The addition of ZnNPs also affected the production of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, two classes of chemicals with well-documented powerful biological effects. Based on these results, it seems that ZnNPs may be a useful tool for improving medicinal plants' pharmacological effects and creating new nano pharmaceuticals derived from plants. This work sheds fresh light on the use of metal nanoparticles to enhance the biological effectiveness of medicinal plants, which might lead to exciting new developments in the fields of plant sciences and herbal medicine. A novel strategy to bioengineering plant-based therapies is shown by the integration of ZnNPs with Monstera deliciosa. This technique might have important consequences for both the biomedical and agricultural sectors. For nanotechnology to be used safely and sustainably in botanical research, future studies should investigate how ZnNP exposure affects plant physiology over the long run and what consequences this may have on human health.
Biological Properties Of Spinacea Oleracea Using Gold Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology has brought about a sea change in the field of plant sciences by providing new ways to improve plant development, biochemical make-up, and pharmacological effects. An essential leafy vegetable with great nutritional and medicinal value, Spinacia oleracea (spinach) is the subject of this study that investigates the biological effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The remarkable physicochemical properties of AuNPs render them exceptionally useful in regulating plant metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to microbes. To create AuNPs, this study used a green synthesis method. Then, it looked at how these nanoparticles affected different biochemical and physiological processes in S. oleracea. The effects of AuNPs on S. oleracea growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, enzymatic activities, and secondary metabolite production were examined in a thorough evaluation. Plant biomass, root and shoot elongation, and photosynthetic efficiency are all markedly improved by the addition of AuNPs, according to the experimental results. Plant defense mechanisms and human health are greatly aided by bioactive compounds like carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics, which were found to accumulate more in the treated plants. Furthermore, the plant's antioxidant activity was significantly enhanced after being exposed to AuNPs. This was demonstrated by the elevated levels of the enzymes peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), all of which help to reduce the effects of oxidative stress. In addition, antimicrobial testing showed that S. oleracea extracts treated with AuNPs had a stronger inhibitory effect on harmful bacterial and fungal varieties. This data points to the possibility of using AuNPs in pharmaceutical formulations, food preservation, and agricultural disease management. Sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional antimicrobial agents can be found through the controlled application of AuNPs, as their antimicrobial efficacy was dose dependent. Addressing potential toxicity concerns is essential, even though the findings show that AuNPs enhance the biological properties of S. oleracea. The necessity for meticulous concentration optimization is highlighted by the fact that oxidative stress and cellular damage were outcomes of overexposure to AuNPs. Determining the long-term environmental effects of AuNP-induced metabolic changes and understanding the molecular mechanisms by which they occur should be the goals of future studies. Food safety evaluations can also benefit from research into the bioavailability and possible accumulation of AuNPs in plant tissues. In conclusion, this study highlights the transformative potential of AuNPs in boosting the growth, biochemical profile, and antimicrobial efficacy of Spinacia oleracea. The results pave the way for the development of nanotechnology-based sustainable agricultural practices and plant-derived therapeutic applications. Harnessing the beneficial properties of AuNPs in controlled and eco-friendly manners can significantly contribute to enhancing global food security, improving human health, and fostering sustainable crop production strategies.
Biological Properties Of Panax Ginseng Using Zinc Nanoparticles
The many pharmacological benefits of the medicinal plant Panax ginseng include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory capabilities, all of which have been extensively studied and documented. It has medicinal promise, however issues including fast metabolism, low stability, and poor absorption may reduce the bioavailability and effectiveness of its bioactive components. Strategies to improve the bioactivity and stability of chemicals generated from plants have been suggested by recent advances in nanotechnology, especially via the use of metal-based nanoparticles. Biomedical researchers have found zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) to be an invaluable resource because of their unusual physicochemical characteristics, biocompatibility, and lack of toxicity. In order to discover how the synergistic improvement of Panax ginseng's therapeutic potential is achieved, this research will examine its biological characteristics when produced with zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs). To create ZnNPs, a green synthesis method was used, with extract from P. ginseng serving as a stabilizing and reducing agent. To find out how big, shaped, and what kind of surface properties the synthesized nanoparticles had, scientists used a battery of analytical tools, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Panax ginseng-ZnNPs composite's antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic capabilities were the main foci of the biological examination. Three different tests were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging, and ABTS radical cation decolorization. The findings showed that P. ginseng extracts treated with ZnNPs had much higher free radical scavenging activity than the untreated extract, indicating that the treated extract was better at reducing oxidative stress. Using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, the antimicrobial activity were assessed against a range of bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of ZnNPs enhanced the antibacterial activity of the P. ginseng extract, as shown by the enhanced antimicrobial properties. In order to determine biocompatibility, cytotoxicity tests were conducted using MTT assays on normal cell lines and human cancer cell lines, including HeLa (cervical cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer). The findings showed that P. ginseng-ZnNPs composites had minimal toxicity on normal cells and selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, suggesting that they might be used in targeted cancer treatment. Finally, the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of Panax ginseng are amplified when zinc nanoparticles are combined with it. The findings of this research highlight the possibility of using nanotechnology to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of herbal remedies. These results have important implications for the future of medicine, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, and they open the door to new avenues of investigation into the design of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for natural chemicals.
Biological Properties Of Dioscorea Villosa Using Gold Nanoparticles
Wild yam, or Dioscorea villosa, is a medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. It is very rich in phytochemicals. Poor solubility and stability of its active substances often restrict their bioavailability and effectiveness, despite its enormous therapeutic potential. Using green chemistry to create gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), this study aims to improve Dioscorea villosa's biological characteristics. The research makes use of the plant extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent, allowing for a sustainable, economical, and environmentally responsible way to synthesize nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were among the sophisticated analytical tools used to examine the produced gold nanoparticles. All of the desired structural properties and a consistent size distribution in the synthesized stable spherical AuNPs were validated by these tests. A robust interaction between the phytochemicals in Dioscorea villosa and the gold nanoparticles was suggested by the identification of the functional groups important for nanoparticle stability. To determine if the synthesized AuNPs had improved bioactivity, biological tests were performed. By comparing it to the unprocessed plant extract, the antioxidant capability was shown to be much higher, as demonstrated by tests like DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS. Antimicrobial studies, such as zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, showed that the Dioscorea villosa-mediated AuNPs had a wide range of antimicrobial activities against different types of bacteria and fungi. Cancer cell lines, such as MCF-7 for breast cancer and HeLa for cervical cancer, showed selective cytotoxicity with little toxicity to normal cells in cytotoxicity experiments. The results indicate that Dioscorea villosa's biological characteristics, such as stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness, are improved when it is conjugated with gold nanoparticles. Future research into the treatment of infectious illnesses, disorders linked to oxidative stress, and cancer might benefit from the study's emphasis on the potential of green-synthesized AuNPs in drug delivery systems and nanomedicine applications. Nanocomposites derived from Dioscorea villosa have the potential to be powerful agents in contemporary treatments, and this study adds to what is already known about plant-mediated nanoparticle production.
Indhumathi K, Nisarga , Netravathi Hiremath, Pooja Anudhar
Automated Detection of Human Emotions from Speech Using a Multi-Layer ANN Framework
Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is an essential area of research aimed at enabling machines to detect and interpret human emotions, thereby improving human-computer interaction. This study introduces a hybrid Speech Emotion Recognition system that combines machine learning techniques with Natural Language Processing (NLP) to enhance emotion detection accuracy and robustness. This research presents an automated framework for detecting human emotions from speech signals using a multi-layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The proposed system aims to accurately recognize emotional states such as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and neutrality by analyzing vocal features like pitch, tone, energy, and spectral characteristics. The framework incorporates a feature extraction module using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and other prosodic features, followed by a multi-layer ANN trained on a benchmark emotional speech dataset. The model demonstrates improved accuracy and robustness in real-time emotion recognition tasks compared to traditional machine learning techniques. This study contributes to the advancement of human-computer interaction by enabling emotionally intelligent systems for applications in customer service, healthcare, virtual assistants, and e-learning environments.
Parbhakar Singh, Varsha Negi, Balaji Venkateswaran, B Murali Krishna, Ajay Sharma, Surendra Singh Chauhan, Sanjeev Kumar, Deepak Dagar
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Mortality in Patients with Severe Maxillofacial Injuries in Sulaimaniyah City/KRG
Background and objectives: Traumatic injuries continue to be a major contributor to mortality, and long-term disability all over the world.Facial injuries impact one-third of severely injured patients. Occasionally, standalonemaxillofacial trauma is linkedwith fatality, however in patients with concurrent injuries, the death rate increases. This research focused on analyzing and evaluating facial injuries and factors affecting mortality among patients admitted to the emergency unit due to traumatic injuries. Methods: A Prospective Cross-sectional methodology was used in this research; consisting of a total of 105 patients of both sexes including 81 males and 24 females with maxillofacial injuries were observeduntil carrying out the hospital or dying upon arrival or during their hospital stay between January 2024 and January 2025 at the emergency department of shar teaching hospital in Sulaimanyah city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Measurements of Injury Severity Scoreand Glasgow Coma Scale were statistically analyzed to determine the factors associated with mortality. Injury Severity Score is evaluated by the process of converting injury codes in the International Classification System of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10). Result: During a one-year observation period, 105 patients were evaluated. The average age (mean ) of individuals with maxillofacial injuries was 28.1 ± 14.9 years, and 77% of them were male. Road traffic accidents including (car accidents and motorcycle collisions) were the most prevalentetiological cause of facial injuries regardless of gender. The research findings reveal a significant correlation between mortality and AIS-ISS scores and GCS.
Assessing the impact of Green Supply Chain Behaviour on Organizational Sustainability in the Delhi NCR Region
This research investigates the influence of Green Supply Chain Behaviour (GSCB) on organisational sustainability within the Delhi NCR area. The salient GSCB dimensions considered are eco-design, green purchasing, green manufacturing, green distribution and packaging, internal environmental management, investment recovery, reverse logistics, and consumer cooperation. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 475 manufacturing and supply chain professionals. Through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), the study measured the impact of the green practices on environmental, economic, social, and firm-level performance. Findings indicate that eco-design, green manufacturing, internal environmental management, and reverse logistics have a significant positive effect on sustainability outcomes. On the other hand, green purchasing and packaging provided selective effects. The model proved to have robust explanatory power (R² values: 0.481–0.539) and acceptable fit (SRMR = 0.033; NFI = 0.903).This research presents empirical support that embracing GSCB add significantly to sustainable performance, providing empirical advice for policymakers and industrial actors in emerging economies.
Vikash Singh Chauhan, Dr. Deepak Dixit, Dr. Sanjeev Kumar
To Report a case of Recurrence in post-traumatic Iris cyst with Traumatic cataract in 20 years old Young Male: A Multimodal Diagnostic and Surgical Approach
Purpose: To report a case of recurrence in post-traumatic iris cyst with a related traumatic cataract in a young man, treated with a multimodal treatment regimen involving Deroofing of iris cyst, laser photocoagulation and adjunctive pharmacologic therapy. Methods: A 20-year-old Male patient came with complaints of 6 months of redness, watering, foreign body sensation, and diminution of vision in the left eye. On examination, there was a translucent serous iris cyst along with traumatic cataract with blunt trauma to left eye 10 years ago. Imaging by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) correlated the size and position of the cyst. Management involved are Deroofing of the anterior layer of iris cyst to maintain a round pupil and aspiration of the lens with foldable intraocular lens in the bag (IOL) implantation and for the recurrence of iris cyst with treatment of argon laser photocoagulation of the posterior pigmented layer of iris and intracystic injection of Mitomycin C. Results: After 2-months follow-up patient with visual acuity improve from 6/60 to 6/9. But after 4 months there was a recurrence of the cyst clinically. The anterior segment was stable, free from any inflammation or complication. Conclusion: Iris cysts after trauma should be treated by a stepwise, multimodal approach. Iris cysts after trauma should be treated with complete excision of the anterior and posterior layers of the iris cyst. But in this particular case we did Deroofing of anterior wall of iris cyst to save the pupil function as the patient was very young and with other stepwise treatment procedures but recurrence is seen maybe due to incomplete removal of cyst wall.
Dr.Makkena Mani Shankar, Dr. Ramnath.K, Dr.Narayan .M
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis during Small Incision Cataract Surgery: A Case Report and Emergency Management Protocol
This paper presents a summary of a rare yet serious allergic reaction occurring during cataract surgery in a 78-year-old lady. She underwent small incision cataract surgery with implantation of the posterior camber treatment with the implantation of the lens when, a few minutes after local anaesthetic (lidocaine, bupivacaine, adrenaline, and hyaluronidase) administration, she showed the symptoms of anaphylactic reaction: tachycardia, skin rash, protrusion of the eyelids, and dyspnoea. Adrenaline, together with hydrocortisone, pheniramine, and a bronchodilator, was administered by anesthesiologist on time, and the symptoms reduced in the period of 30 minutes. Her eye surgery was successful, and her vision improved. This case shows the importance of prompt diagnosis of allergic reactions and their correct treatment by emergency procedures. The other theme is the need to conduct allergy tests before surgery and have sufficient training and readiness in eye clinics in order to ensure patient safety.
Dr.M Harshitha Reddy, Dr.Shivani Namala, Dr.Ramnath Koti, Dr.Narayan M
Effectiveness Of Problem-Based Learning (Pbl) In Integrated Modular Curriculum Versus Traditional Lectures In Undergraduate Medical Curriculum
Background: Proposed medical education is changing the usual lecturing style to a more interactive curriculum e.g. Problem-Based Learning (PBL). Modular curricula are meant to make basic sciences combined with clinical sciences in a more integrated fashion. PBL facilitates this incorporation to promote critical speculation as well as unique clinical awareness. It is essential to understand the differences in its effectiveness in contrast to traditional lectures in order to design new curriculum and assess the success of students. Objectives: To find out the relative values of PBL and traditionally lectured knowledge retention in clinical reasoning, student satisfaction, and professional skills of undergraduate medical students in an integrated modular curriculum. Study design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and duration of study: January to July, 2024. Department of Medical Education, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore . Methods: A comparative study was carried out which is purely cross-sectional, where 100 medical students were selected; 60 were put in PBL group, and 40 in the traditional lecture group. Knowledge retention and clinical reasoning were measured with the help of standardized assessments. Student satisfaction was measured by way of surveys. The SPSS was used in statistical analysis. Independent t-tests were used to compare the performance of groups and significance was established at p < 0.05. There was demographic information such as average age and standard deviation that was noted down. Results: There were 100 students (60 PBL, 40 lecture). The PBL Group (n = 63) had the mean age of 21.4 years (SD +/- 1.2), the lecture Group (n = 65) had the mean age of 21.1 years (SD +/- 1.4) (p = 0.42). PBL students have a greater advantage in the clinical reasoning assessment (mean score 82.3 (SD 6.4) and 75.8 (SD 7.1), p = 0.001). PBL-group levels of satisfaction were also increased (p < 0.01). The results on the knowledge tests indicated that there was no significant difference (p = 0.08), whereas the long-term retention increased in the PBL group during the follow up tests (p = 0.03). Conclusion: As compared to lectures, PBL creates more learning in clinical reasoning, engagement of students and retention of long-term knowledge in an integrated modular curriculum. The PBL approach was superior to the short-term knowledge acquisition in terms of preparing students to meet the requirements of clinical work because PBL enables students to learn how to think and solve problems. It is advisable that institutions consider enhancing the application of PBL in medical school education that is supplemented by sufficient faculty preparation and resource budget.
Salima Naveed Manji, Misbah Majeed, Madiha Rehman, Badar Akram, Sidrah Shaukat, Tayyeba Majeed
Serum Vitamin D Levels In Oral Lichen Planus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic, immune-mediated mucocutaneous disorder characterized by T-cell–mediated destruction of basal keratinocytes. Vitamin D, known for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, may influence OLP pathogenesis by regulating keratinocyte proliferation and cytokine expression [1,2]. Aim: To evaluate serum vitamin D levels in patients with oral lichen planus compared to healthy controls, and to assess correlation with clinical severity and disease duration. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 78 clinically and histologically confirmed OLP patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALK), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v17.0. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 64.1% of OLP patients and 56.4% of controls (P = 0.37). Severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was significantly higher among OLP patients (28.2%) compared to controls (12.8%) (P = 0.018). Other biochemical parameters showed no significant intergroup differences. Conclusion: A significant association was observed between OLP and severe vitamin D deficiency. Routine vitamin D screening and supplementation should be considered in clinical practice.
Dr. Shreeyam Mohapatra, Dr. Shubhangi Pareek, Dr Sebati Murmu, Dr. Akshay Verma
Performing Pain, Reclaiming Flesh: Erotics of Humiliation and Dalit Embodiment in Pornography, Performance Art, and Media Activism
This research paper critically examines the complex relationships between caste, sexuality, and embodiment by exploring the various ways the Dalit body is depicted as a site of eroticisation, abjection, and political reclamation within the liminal realms of pornography, radical performance art, and digital media activism. Positioned at the intersection of biopolitical analysis, affect theory, and anti-caste epistemologies, the study investigates how pain and humiliation, historically embedded in the Dalit corporeal schema as tools of caste control, are both sensationalised within regimes of visual and sexual consumption and reimagined as strategic forms of resistance, affective re-inscription, and epistemic disobedience. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s concept of disciplinary power, Giorgio Agamben’s theory of homo sacer and bare life, and B.R. Ambedkar’s radical redefinition of dignity and emancipatory ethics, this paper examines the conditions under which the Dalit body navigates its hypervisibility and structural precarity within hegemonic representational economies. Through critical analysis of caste-coded pornographic tropes, the performative dramatizations of pain enacted in contemporary Dalit performance art, and the insurgent aesthetics of media-based activism, this inquiry highlights the erotics of humiliation as a volatile discursive field—at once disciplinary and transgressive. Refusing to reduce the Dalit body to a passive symbol of victimhood, the paper proposes an alternative hermeneutic of embodiment in which corporeality itself becomes a creative site of aesthetic resistance, emotional counter-production, and political re-signification. By reclaiming the very flesh historically marked with stigma and shame, Dalit artists and activists mobilise a radical erotics of caste abolition, one that redefines the body as sovereign, sensate, and subversive of the normative moral imaginaries that sustain caste hegemony.
Preliminary Phytochemical Profiling Of Leaf Extracts Of Bulbophyllum Rosemarianum
The medicinal orchids are of great importance, as they are known to contain many numbers of phytochemicals which possess various pharmacological activity. Now a day’s medications are being developed by incorporating the available natural products, specifically those resulting from medicinal plants. Several studies have reported that phytochemical compounds and molecules extracted from the different species of Bulbophyllum are employed in the preparation of plant based medicinesand this genus have attained scientific interest because of its phytochemical components and its efficient biological activities. The present work was carried out to analyze the phytochemicals present in leaf extracts of Bulbophyllum rosemarianum. The leaf part of the plant was collected, shade dried and subjected to the Soxhlet technique for the extraction process with three different polar solvents and its results indicated that ethanol was efficient in extracting phytochemicals and qualitative analysis revealed the existence of different phytochemicals like Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Coumarins, Tannin, Phenol, Saponins, Steroids, Glycosides and Quinones. Quantitative analysis stated that ethanolic leaf extracts of Bulbophyllum rosemarianum exhibited comparable levels of total Polyphenolics, Alkaloids and Flavonoids. Further, isolation of phytochemicals and further studies will pay the way for significant application in medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.
To Study The Molecular Characterization Of Mdr1 Gene And Cdr1 Gene With Association To Its Antifungal Resistance In Pathogenic Candida Species
INTRODUCTION: Candidiasis is a highly pervasive infection posing major health risks, especially for immunocompromised populations. Its prevalence accounts for the most common type of opportunistic fungal infection affecting human heath globally, with more than a billion cases on a yearly basis. Pathogenic Candida species have evolved intrinsic and acquired resistance to a variety of antifungal medications. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular characterization of MDR1 gene and CDR1 gene with association to its antifungal resistance in pathogenic candida species MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology at a tertiary care centre. A total of 962 samples were screened. The Culture identification, specification, Antifungal Susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI guidelines. The DNA was extracted using the Qiagen DNA extraction kit and the resistant gene MDR1 and CDR1 gene was detected using the PCR. RESULTS: In the present study out of 962 isolates, 51.1% (492) were culture positive, among them 28% (138) were Candida isolates. Out of which 53(38.4%) were Candida albicans while 85(61.6%) were Non-Candida albicans. Among Non-Candida albicans ,the frequency of Candida tropicalis was observed to be maximum with urine samples and least for ET secreation. It was observed that 112(81.1%) Candida isolates shows biofilm production ,While Phospholipidase enzymes production were observed in only 22(15.9%) of Candida isolates. It was observed that the maximum sensitivity was observed in Amphotericin-B (95%), followed by Voriconazole(85%) and itraconazole (49.2%). It was observed that the prevalence of associated genes in Candida with CDR1 with 3.8% and MDR1 with 5.7% was expressed. CONCLUSION: The pathophysiology and clinical consequences of candidiasis can be better understood by characterising the virulence factors in Candida species that have been isolated from a variety of clinical specimens. To solve the changing problems caused by Candida infections and enhance patient outcomes in clinical practice, more research is necessary. A more thorough evaluation of azole resistance is made possible by taking into account the interaction of genetic alterations, phenotypic traits, and patient-related variables.
Parveen Anjum Sheiq , Khutija Sarah, Sumaira Qayoom, Dr. (WgCmdr) Md. Muzammil
Temporal Alterations in Salivary Microflora Following Complete Removable Denture Insertion: A Longitudinal In Vivo Study
Placement of complete removable dentures (CRDs) in edentulous subjects causes a radical alteration of the oral environment, modifying salivary composition and increasing microbial colonization. The denture base, composed primarily of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), is an unshedding surface, facilitates biofilm formation. In the long term, this may cause change in oral microbial flora, predisposing the subject to infection such as denture stomatitis and mucosal infections. While widespread use of complete removable dentures (CRDs) has occurred, limited longitudinal data exist regarding the change in microbial dynamics over time and their association with clinical variables. The present longitudinal in vivo study was conducted to assess modification of microbial salivary flora in 35 edentulous subjects at three successive intervals: prior to denture placement (T0), one month after placement (T1), and three months after placement (T2). Unstimulated saliva was collected and plated on selective media to provide colony-forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis. Concurrent clinical assessment of oral hygiene, mucosal status, and denture fit were taken. Statistical comparison revealed Candida spp. exhibited linear increase with maximal counts at T2, which correlated significantly with mucosal lesions (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). Streptococcus pyogenes and S. mutans were highest at T1 and reduced at T2, while E. coli and B. fragilis increased steadily. The results indicate that time-dependent microbiological changes following complete removable denture placement are best related to prosthetic hygiene status and fit. An active approach through patient education, microbial screening on a routine basis, and early clinical intervention can minimize the risk of infection with the prosthesis and ensure improved patient outcomes and success of the denture in the long term.
Dr. Sumit Singhal, Dr Sunita Chaudhary, Dr Sahba Hassan, Dr Drishti Panwar, Dr Anita kanojia, Dr Narendra L Prabha
Effect Of Cyclic Meditation On Workplace Creativity: An Eeg Based Study Protocol For Randomized Control Trial
Background and Aims: There is a clear and growing demand for enhanced creativity in corporate environments, as promoting creativity in the workplace is crucial for attaining organizational success and to be more resilient workplaces [1]. Studies show that more than 70% of corporate managers struggle with encouraging creativity in the workplace, which has a direct effect on innovation and performance within organizations [2]. Previous studies indicate that meditation may improve cognitive skills and promote creativity. However, the specific effects of Cyclic Meditation (CM) on workplace creativity have unexplored. This study aims to examine the impact of CM on workplace creativity in corporate managers, utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze the brain activity linked to creative thought processes. Method and Procedure: This study aims to involve 60 corporate managers, who will be randomly placed into either a Cyclic Meditation (CM) intervention group or a control group who participate in Supine Rest (SR). Every group will participate in daily sessions lasting 35 minutes over a period of 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, we will use the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) and the Global Measure of Creative Capacity (CSQ-R) to evaluate creativity. Additionally, we will carry out EEG measurements to observe brain activity. Expected Results: This study attempts to provide an understanding into the impact of CM on workplace creativity, highlighting notable differences in creativity scores and EEG patterns between the CM group and the control group. The results could guide corporate wellness and mental health benefits programs for staff, emphasizing the importance of CM as an effective means to boost creativity in work environments.
Pandit Rupesh Vasudeo, Prof Sony Kumari, Umesh Dwivedi, Dr Parul Dubey
Iatrogenic Type A Aortic Dissection: A Narrative Review Of Endovascular And Surgical Management Strategies And Outcomes
Iatrogenic Type A aortic dissection (iTAAD) is a fatal but infrequent complication of or following cardiac and endovascular interventions. With advancing interventional and surgical cardiovascular technology, paradoxically, iTAAD incidence has risen, prompting a reassessment of current diagnostic, therapeutic, and prevention concepts. This narrative Review strives to integrate recent evidence of surgical and endovascular repair of iTAAD, summarize trends in outcomes, and enumerate the most important innovations that have impacted clinical practice. Indexed journals and contemporary clinical evidence (2021-2025) were systematically searched. Six extremely relevant studies, including case reports, systematic reviews, and observational analysis, were selected for inclusion and analysis based on direct relevance to iTAAD pathophysiology, surgical treatment, and perioperative outcomes. Evidence suggests that while iTAAD remains treated mainly by open surgical repair, complete endovascular solutions are increasingly viable options in meticulously selected high-risk or delay-presenting patients. Success at operation is strongly associated with early detection, dissection anatomical extent, and institutional expertise. Comparative outcomes suggest increased mortality in iTAAD vis-a-vis spontaneous dissection but with the introduction of newer hybrid and branched stent technology. iTAAD management necessitates an update in a multidisciplinary approach based on early diagnosis and tailored treatment. While surgery remains the prevailing modality, endovascular innovation transforms the therapeutic landscape and challenges prevailing dogma. Prospective registries are required to validate optimal algorithms and improve patient survival.
Dr. Sameeksha Pal, Dr Deepali Sundari Verma
Evaluating Healthcare Infrastructure, Medical Technology, and Service Standards in Multi-Specialty Hospitals of Nagpur for Better Patient Care
This study paper examines the human resource management in multi-specialty hospitals in Nagpur with reference to their recruitment, development, retention, and employee performance evaluations in the sector of healthcare. The goal is to establish the effects of such HR practices on employee satisfaction and performance and subsequently, the general effectiveness and sustainability of healthcare delivery. A structured questionnaire and quantitative analysis of the study will give an understanding of how effective HR practices can make positive difference to the organizational performance in the healthcare industry.
Mr. Ishwar Mannu Rathod, Dr. Kavita B. Hingane
Validity of Color Versus Spectral Doppler Ultrasound Indices in Post-Surgical Cases of Testicular Torsion
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Color Doppler and Spectral Doppler ultrasound indices in detecting testicular torsion in post-surgical cases. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over six months in the Department of Radiology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Seventy-one male patients with clinical suspicion of testicular torsion were assessed using both Color and Spectral Doppler ultrasound. Findings were compared with surgical exploration results. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated. Results: The mean patient age was 15.2 years. Of 71 patients, 56 (78.9%) were diagnosed with torsion on ultrasound, and 60 (84.5%) were confirmed surgically. Color/Spectral Doppler demonstrated 91.66% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity, PPV of 98.21%, NPV of 66.6%, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 91.5%. Conclusion: Color and Spectral Doppler ultrasound are highly sensitive and specific, offering reliable, non-invasive diagnostic modalities for post-surgical evaluation of testicular torsion. Their appropriate use can prevent unnecessary surgical exploration and improve clinical outcomes.
A Comparative Efficacy Of Ayurvedic With That Of Modern Treatment Protocol In Management Of Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis: A Prospective Clinical Study
Introduction: Oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, scarring precancerous condition of oral cavity seen predominantly in the Indian subcontinent and south-east Asia. In modern science, various medical and surgical treatment are available but all methods are quite painful, costly and not in the reach of every lay person but results obtained are not satisfactory due to recurrence and adverse effects worsening the condition. In Ayurvedic classical texts, no any direct references about the disease quoted but on understanding the disease condition OSMF can be correlated with Vata Pradhana Tridoshaja Mukharoga which needs to be treated at local and systemic level. Aim: To compare efficacy of Ayurvedic with that of modern treatment protocol in the management of patients of oral sub mucous fibrosis. Materials and Methods: It was an open‑label randomized clinical trial and randomly divided into two groups. In Group A, comprising of Ayurvedic approach, 17 patients of OSMF completed the treatment in which Pratisarana (external application) with Madhupippalyadi Yoga, Kavala (gargling) with Nishadi Taila and internally Rasayana Yoga and in Group B, 17 patient advised Physiotherapy i.e. mouth opening exercise with the help of top to perform at home, daily- 30 minutes morning and 30 minutes evening from the first day of treatment and internally Methylocobalamine were given for 1 months and followed for 1 month. Results: It was shown statistically significant relief (<0.05) in almost all signs and symptoms as well in inter incisor distance improvement (25.16%) and also sustained relief was observed in follow‑up period. Conclusion: It was concluded that Ayurvedic treatment protocol was effective in the management of OSMF.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Eye Surgery Training for Ophthalmology Residents: A Comprehensive Review
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into ophthalmology education represents a paradigm shift in surgical training methodology. This comprehensive review examines the current state and future potential of AI-assisted eye surgery training for ophthalmology residents. We analyze various AI applications including virtual reality simulation, machine learning-based assessment tools, augmented reality guidance systems, and intelligent feedback mechanisms. The review synthesizes evidence from recent studies demonstrating improved surgical competency, reduced learning curves, and enhanced patient safety outcomes. Key challenges including implementation costs, technological limitations, and the need for standardized curricula are also discussed. As ophthalmology continues to embrace digital transformation, AI-assisted training platforms show promise in revolutionizing resident education while maintaining high standards of surgical excellence.
The effect of Sahrmann's approach on headache and stability indices in patients with chronic cervicogenic headache: a single-blind clinical trial
Background and purpose: Cervicogenic headache is a type of secondary headache that is caused due to a disturbance in the structures of the cervical region. Most of the studies have investigated the effect of neck manipulation and mobilization for the treatment of cervicogenic headache, and the effects of adjusting the movement pattern have not been discussed. The purpose of this study was investigating the effect of Sahrmann's approach on headache and stability indices of patients with chronic cervicogenic headache. Materials and methods: In this single blind clinical trial study, thirty-two subjects with cervicogenic headache were randomly divided into a Sahrmann exercise group and a physical therapy group. Exercises were conducted three times per week for four weeks. Overall, anterior-posterior and mediolateral stability indices were measured before, after and one month after the intervention with the Biodex stability system. Data were analyzed with multiple ANOVA Repeated measure and Bonferroni tests (p<0.05). Results: Comparison within group showed a significant improvement in headache, disability and stability indices in both groups (p<0.05). In the comparison between the groups, a significant difference in headache and disability indices was observed in favor of the Sahrmann group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Sahrmann exercises are an effective treatment for reducing headache intensity and improving disability. According to the results of the study, the positive effects of Sahrmann exercise on postural control reactions were shown, so we suggest that in addition to traditional physical therapy, Sahrmann exercise should also be considered in subjects with chronic cervicogenic headache.
Fateme Ghiasi, Elahe Moshfeghi Rad, Mohammad Hoseinifar
The Effect of Intrinsic Foot Muscles Strengthening on the Postural Control Indices in Patients with Chronic Functional Ankle Instability
Background: Foot intrinsic muscles are crucial for supporting the foot on the ground. Their activation can play an important role in postural control in functional ankle instability subjects. This study aimed to determine intrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercises’ effect on postural control indices in subjects with chronic functional ankle instability. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 45 subjects with functional ankle instability were included. The subjects were randomly divided into a routine exercise group, an intrinsic muscle-strengthening exercise group, or a control group. Exercises were conducted three times per week for four weeks. Overall, anteroposterior and mediolateral stability indices were measured before and after four weeks with the biodex balance system. Data were analyzed with the paired sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey test. Results: In the intrinsic exercise group, the overall dynamic stability index significantly changed from 1.68±0.8 to 1.24±0.8, the mediolateral dynamic stability index significantly changed from 1.04±0.5 to 0.72±0.3, and the anteroposterior dynamic stability index significantly changed from 1.29±0.5 to 0.84±0.3 (p<0.05). They also have significant changes in the mediolateral dynamic stability index for the affected foot from 2.37±1.4 to 1.53±0.7 and the anteroposterior dynamic stability index for the affected foot from1.81±0.6 to 1.23±0.3 (p<0.05). There is no significant difference in the dynamic stability index between routine and intrinsic groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the positive effects of foot intrinsic muscle exercise on postural control reactions were shown, so we suggest that in addition to routine exercises, intrinsic exercises should also be considered in subjects with chronic functional ankle instability.
Mohammad Reza Arab Kangan, Mohammad Hoseinifar, Fateme Ghiasi, Asghar Akbari
A Comprehensive Review of Rainfall, Topography, and Soil Dynamics Shaping Erosion in Northeast India’s Vulnerable Highlands
Soil erosion is a critical environmental challenge in Northeast India, significantly affecting agricultural productivity, water security, and ecosystem stability. The region’s hilly landscapes, fragile soils, and monsoon-dominated rainfall patterns make it highly vulnerable to erosive processes. High-intensity, short-duration rainfall events generate rapid surface runoff, mobilizing soil particles and accelerating land degradation. Continuous topsoil loss leads to nutrient depletion, reduced soil fertility, lower crop yields, and sedimentation in rivers and reservoirs, while also threatening biodiversity and the resilience of rural communities reliant on rainfed agriculture. This review synthesizes recent literature on the key factors influencing soil erosion in Northeast India, focusing on rainfall erosivity, topography, and soil characteristics. Rainfall erosivity, determined by the intensity and kinetic energy of precipitation, is a primary driver of soil detachment and sediment transport, with seasonal and extreme events producing spatially variable erosion patterns. Topography, including slope length and steepness, regulates water accumulation, flow velocity, and sediment yield, contributing to heterogeneous erosion risks across micro-watersheds. Soil properties, such as texture, structure, infiltration capacity, and organic matter content, mediate soil susceptibility, with clay-rich soils exhibiting higher runoff and sediment loss compared to better-drained sandy loam soils. Integrated, multi-factor analyses combining rainfall, topography, and soil characteristics enhance predictive accuracy and identify erosion-prone areas more effectively than single-factor studies. GIS-based modeling, remote sensing, and field-scale assessments provide critical insights for prioritizing conservation interventions. The review emphasizes that targeted, site-specific soil and water management strategies, such as slope stabilization, soil cover improvement, and water retention measures, are essential to mitigate erosion, sustain agricultural productivity, and protect fragile ecosystems. Understanding the complex interactions among climatic, topographic, and edaphic factors is fundamental to developing adaptive and sustainable soil conservation practices in Northeast India.
Clinical and Radiological Finding with Spectrum of Non-Malignant Lesions of Gastrointestinal Tract
Background: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases are among the most frequently encountered conditions in clinical practice. Due to its extensive length and complexity, the GIT is prone to a wide spectrum of pathologies, including congenital anomalies, acute and chronic infections, inflammatory disorders, and neoplastic conditions. These lesions may occur in isolation or in combination, affecting different anatomical segments. The present study aimed to evaluate and analyze the clinical and radiological spectrum of non-malignant GIT lesions confirmed histopathologically. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology over one year. A total of 200 cases were included, of which 150 were histopathologically confirmed non-malignant lesions. Detailed clinical and radiological data were collected to aid diagnosis, and specimens (endoscopic biopsies and resected samples) were processed according to standard histopathological protocols. Results: Of the 200 cases, 150 (75%) were non-malignant, while 50 (25%) were malignant. Among the non-malignant cases, 76 (50.6%) were male and 74 (49.4%) female, with a mean age of 48.2 years. The appendix was the most commonly affected organ (73.3%), followed by the large intestine (10.6%) and small intestine (6.0%). The most frequently affected age group was 21–40 years (44%), followed by patients <20 years (22%). Chronic inflammatory lesions were the most common histopathological diagnosis (31.3%), followed by acute on chronic appendicitis (23.3%). Conclusion: A wide spectrum of infectious, inflammatory, and structural lesions can affect the GIT, with the appendix being the most commonly involved site. Accurate clinical, radiological, and histopathological correlation is crucial for early diagnosis and appropriate management, thereby reducing patient morbidity and mortality.
Mohammad Shoaib Chowdhury, Md. Masudur Rahman Khan, ABM Safiullah, Md. Zahidur Rahman, Mohammad Asadur Rahman, Madhusudan Saha
Comprehensive Ayurvedic Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Bāla Unmāda - Kapha–Vāta type): A Case Series
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication, sensory processing, and repetitive behaviours. In Ayurvedic terms, ASD can be conceptualized as Bāla Unmāda with predominant– Kapha–Vāta doṣa involvement, arising from genetic predisposition, dietary imbalances and impaired digestive function (agni māndya). Objective: This case series aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a comprehensive Ayurvedic treatment protocol targeting the underlying doṣa imbalances, systemic channel obstructions, and metabolic disturbances associated with ASD. Methods: Eight children with ASD underwent an integrative Ayurvedic intervention comprising of internal therapies (Hinguvacādhī Cūrṇam, Kalyānaka Kaṣāya, Pañcagavya Ghṛtam) and external therapies (Kaḍikizhi, Takradhārā, Pradeham, Patrapoṭṭali Sveda, Sannikizhi and Śirodhārā), designed to correct Kapha–Vāta imbalance, enhance digestive and metabolic function, and promote cognitive and sensory rehabilitation. Outcomes were assessed using Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS -psychologist-administered) and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC - parent-reported) scores. Results: Post-intervention, CARS scores showed a modest reduction from 32–51 to 30.5–50, reflecting stabilization of core autistic behaviors. ATEC scores decreased more prominently from 66–90 to 59–86, indicating improvements in communication, social interaction, sensory processing, and cognitive functioning. Clinically, children showed enhanced eye contact, name-call response, social reciprocity, sensory regulation, and expressive language. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a holistic Ayurvedic protocol addressing digestive, metabolic, and neurophysiological imbalances can provide meaningful clinical benefits in children with ASD. Integrative Ayurvedic management may serve as a valuable complementary approach for ASD, calling for further validation through larger, controlled studies
Snehadhara”: A Decentralized Integrative Public Health Model for the Management of Developmental Disorders in Children through Ayurveda
Background: Developmental disorders—including Cerebral Palsy, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability, ADHD, and speech-language impairments—pose a growing challenge in pediatric healthcare. These conditions often necessitate long-term, multidisciplinary care, which remains limited in accessibility and scope, especially in resource-constrained settings. Objective: To present and evaluate Snehadhara, a decentralized public health initiative delivering integrative Ayurvedic and allied therapies for children with developmental disorders in Kerala, India. Methods: Launched in 2015 by the Thiruvananthapuram District Panchayat, Snehadhara is implemented by the District Medical Officer (Indian Systems of Medicine) and technically coordinated by the Department of Kaumarabhritya, Government Ayurveda College, Thiruvananthapuram. The program offers cost-free, multidisciplinary care—including Ayurvedic therapies (with Panchakarma), Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy, and Psychological support—to children under 12 years. It began as a 20-bed inpatient facility and has expanded into a decentralized model with four satellite centers. Results: To date, the program has provided over 25,000 outpatient consultations and 1,300 inpatient treatments. Clinical outcomes indicate significant improvements in gross motor function, speech and language development, and adaptive behavior. The initiative has also enhanced early diagnosis, family engagement, and continuity of care. Conclusion: Snehadhara exemplifies a scalable, cost-effective, and community-anchored model for integrative developmental pediatrics. It highlights the potential of harmonizing traditional Ayurvedic care with modern therapeutic modalities in managing complex pediatric neurodevelopmental conditions within the public health system.
Incidence Of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) Palsy In Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery
Introduction: Thyroid surgery is among the most common neck surgeries performed worldwide. Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) remains one of its most significant complications, leading to vocal cord paresis or paralysis. The most reliable way to preserve RLN integrity is to visually identify the nerve during all thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. Objective: To determine the incidence of RLN palsy in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Methods: This prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, BSMMU Hospital, from July 2023 to August 2024. All patients provided informed consent and were counseled regarding the type of surgery (hemithyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy, or completion thyroidectomy) and potential complications, with special emphasis on RLN palsy. Preoperative and postoperative vocal cord assessments were performed using flexible laryngoscopy. Patients with RLN palsy were managed conservatively and followed up for six months to determine recovery status. Results: Among 78 thyroid surgeries, 8 patients (10.25%) developed RLN palsy (5 right-sided, 3 left-sided). Seven patients (8.97%) recovered within 4 weeks, while one male patient (1.28%) developed permanent palsy. RLN injury was more common in total and completion thyroidectomy compared to hemithyroidectomy. Conclusion: RLN injury during thyroid surgery is not uncommon. Most cases are temporary and resolve with conservative management. Careful dissection, full visualization of the RLN, and preservation of its blood supply are crucial to reducing the risk of nerve injury.
Md. Morshed Alam, Syeda Sharmin Jamal, Mohammad Wahiduzzaman, Syed Ali Ahasan, Mohammad Idrish Ali, Arif Mahmud Jewel, Umme Salma Sumi
Role of Colour Doppler Imaging and Sonographic Appearances in Diagnosis of Scrotal Disorder
Background: Scrotal disorders, including inflammatory, vascular, neoplastic, and traumatic conditions, can significantly affect male reproductive health, presenting with symptoms such as pain, swelling, or masses. Accurate diagnosis is essential, and imaging techniques like ultrasonography (US) and Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) have become critical tools due to their non-invasive nature and high sensitivity. Grayscale US provides detailed anatomical views, especially for testicular tumors and hydroceles, while CDI assesses blood flow, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions like testicular torsion, epididymal-orchitis, and varicoceles. CDI also plays a vital role in evaluating scrotal trauma and testicular viability. Aim of the study: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of CDI in conjunction with grayscale ultrasonography in diagnosing various scrotal disorders. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over 12 months at the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2023 to August 2024 including 85 male patients with scrotal pain, swelling, or masses. Grayscale ultrasonography and Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) were used to evaluate scrotal abnormalities, vascularity, and blood flow. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Based on imaging criteria, patients were assessed for hydrocele, epididymal cysts, spermatoceles, varicocele, and testicular cysts. Exclusion criteria included prior surgery, incomplete imaging, and unwillingness to participate. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 26.0), with results recorded in a structured proforma for analysis. Results: The study on 85 Bangladeshi patients with scrotal disorders found that the majority (52.9%) were aged 20-40 years. Common symptoms include pain and swelling (35.3%), with some cases involving fever (11.8%). The most frequent conditions were hydrocele (29.4%), varicocele (16.5%), and inflammatory conditions (44.7%), mainly acute and chronic epididymitis and epididymal-orchitis. Bilateral pathology was observed in 35.3% of cases. Non-inflammatory disorders like hydrocele and varicocele were more common (60%), while inflammatory conditions, including acute epididymitis and Fournier’s gangrene, accounted for 44.7% of the cases. Conclusion: The study concludes that scrotal pathologies in Bangladeshi patients are diverse, with hydrocele, varicocele, and inflammatory conditions being the most common. CDI and sonography are practical diagnostic tools for accurately identifying these conditions and guiding appropriate treatment.
Md. Nazrul Islam Mollah, Mohammad Ali Kabir, AKM Anowar Hossain, Zereen Sultana Deepa, Sayeda Nazlee Mustafa, AK Al Miraj
Establishing baseline standards for blood’s physical characteristics in healthy individuals: a pilot study.
Introduction: Blood is a complex biological fluid that plays a critical role in maintaining various physiological functions in the human body. Understanding its physical properties in healthy individuals is crucial for establishing baseline standards, which can be used to interpret clinical findings, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enhance therapeutic interventions. While much is known about the biochemical composition of blood, less attention has been given to the standardization of its key physical properties, such as pH, viscosity, moisture content, specific gravity, and foam formation. This pilot study was designed to standardize these critical physical characteristics of blood in healthy volunteers to provide essential baseline data. Methods: This study involved 30 healthy adult volunteers, selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure a homogeneous sample. Blood samples were collected under standardized conditions and subjected to laboratory analysis. Key physical properties, including pH, viscosity, moisture content, specific gravity, and foam formation, were measured using validated instruments and protocols. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the blood pH in healthy volunteers ranged from 7.35 to 7.45, consistent with the normal physiological range. Viscosity values averaged at 5.06 cP, with a slight variation between individuals. Specific gravity of the blood samples was stable at approximately 0.9561 across all participants. The moisture content of the blood averaged around 80%, confirming the high water content of the fluid. Foam formation was consistently observed in all samples within minutes of agitation, with the foam demonstrating stability for several minutes. These results provide foundational data for these critical parameters in healthy individuals. Discussion: This pilot study has successfully established standard reference values for important physical characteristics of blood in healthy volunteers. These values will serve as baseline data for future research and clinical applications, particularly in monitoring deviations in blood properties associated with disease states. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides valuable reference values for key physical properties of blood in healthy individuals. These findings offer a baseline for clinical and research purposes, supporting the development of more accurate diagnostic techniques and enhancing therapeutic strategies.
Dr. Vijay Singh Yadav, Dr. Sisir Kumar Mandal, Dr. Produyt Dhar, Rohit Rai
Design, Evaluation Optimization Of Oro Dispersible Film Of Valsartan Using Response Surface Method: In Vitro Characterization
The present work aimed at preparing quick release films of Valsartan with the purpose of developing a dosage form for a very quick onset of action, which is beneficial in managing of hypertension, aiding in the enhancement of bioavailability, and is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water.Valsartan Oro dispersible films prepared by using solvent casting technique by using different film forming polymers.All prepared films were evaluated for its weight variation, disintegrationtime, thickness, drug content, pH, dissolution study, and folding endurance. The drug-excipients compatibility study was done using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). DSC and FTIR showed no interaction between the Drug and polymers. Formulation F3 is considered as the optimized formulation as it showed good folding endurance (>300), faster disintegration rate (32 s), and maximum in vitro drug release (98.36%) within 30 min. Fast oro dispersible films of valsartan can be considered suitable for clinical use in the treatment of hypertension, where a quicker onset of action for a dosage form is desirable along with the convenience of administration.
Review and Analysis of Occupational Aspirations among Indian School Students: The Role of School Climate, Family Influence, and Value Orientation
The current study explores the complex idea of Vyavsayik Akanksha (Occupational Aspiration), which is essential in determining a person's professional path and personal growth. Understanding the nature, drivers, and implications of students' vocational goals, especially at the middle and upper secondary levels, has become essential in light of the rapidly changing educational and work landscapes as well as the expanding socioeconomic issues. This study examines the ways in which kids' career goals are influenced by elements such their family history, social and emotional intelligence, school environment, and value systems. The role that educational institutions and the school environment play in fostering or impeding these goals is given particular attention. The study also looks at how important personal characteristics like ambition, self-efficacy, and value orientation are when creating career goals. In order to gather information from a wide range of students, the study uses a mixed-method approach that includes surveys and interviews. The results highlight how crucial a positive learning environment, good mentoring, and socioemotional learning are in enabling students to make sensible career decisions. By supporting value-based education and individualized career counseling, particularly in India's developing regions, this study seeks to advance educational policy and practice.
Clinical Utility of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Early Detection of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder worldwide. Early detection is essential to prevent complications such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and associated metabolic consequences. Thyroid autoantibodies such as anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) are key markers for detecting subclinical and early-stage AITD. Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of thyroid autoantibodies in early detection of autoimmune thyroid disease presenting with suspected thyroid dysfunction. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 12 months on 45 patients with clinical suspicion of thyroid disease. Serum levels of TSH, FT4, FT3, anti-TPO, anti-Tg, and TRAb were measured and correlated with clinical and ultrasonographic findings. Results: Anti-TPO antibodies were positive in 71.1% (n=32) of cases, anti-TG in 55.5% (n=25), and TRAb in 17.7% (n=8) in autoimmune thyroid patients. Among patients with normal thyroid function tests (TFTs), 33.3% had positive anti-TPO antibodies, indicating early autoimmune thyroiditis. Female patients showed significantly higher antibody positivity (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thyroid autoantibody testing, particularly anti-TPO, is a sensitive tool for detecting early AITD, even in euthyroid individuals. Routine screening in high-risk groups (females, family history of thyroid disease) is recommended for early diagnosis and management.
Rubaiyat-E-Mortaz, Nasrin Jahan, Sabrina Shafiq, Sheuly Ferdoushi, Khan Md. Shahariar Zaman, Tahmidul Islam
Estimation of Haemoglobin with Arterial Blood Gas Analyzer Compared to Conventional Laboratory Methods in Intensive Care Unit
Background: Haemoglobin (Hb) estimation plays a pivotal role in clinical decision-making, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where timely and accurate results are essential for managing critically ill patients. Traditional laboratory methods are considered the gold standard for haemoglobin measurement due to their high accuracy but they often involve delays caused by sample transport and processing. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analyzers, which are widely used at the bedside for evaluating oxygenation and acid–base balance, nowadays real-time haemoglobin estimation through co-oximetry technology. However, concerns regarding the accuracy and clinical reliability of these bedside haemoglobin readings persist. Aim: This study aimed to compare haemoglobin levels measured by ABG analyzers with those obtained from conventional laboratory hematology auto analyzers, to evaluate the accuracy, correlation, and agreement of ICU settings in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. For each patient, simultaneous blood samples were collected and analyzed for haemoglobin concentration using both the ABG analyzer (Radiometer ABL800 FLEX) and the department of laboratory medicine in hematology auto analyzer (Sysmex XN-Series). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Paired t-tests, and Bland-Altman analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 to assess the level of agreement and clinical acceptability between the two methods. Results: The mean haemoglobin level obtained via ABG analysis was 13.12 ± 0.63 g/dL, while the laboratory method yielded a mean of 13.23 ± 0.66 g/dL. The difference between the two means (-0.11 g/dL) was statistically non-significant (p = 0.09). The Pearson correlation coefficient was r = 0.986, indicating a very strong positive correlation. In 84% of cases, the difference in haemoglobin values between the two methods was within ±0.5 g/dL, suggesting a high level of clinical agreement. No significant discrepancies were noted across demographic subgroups such as sex or age. Bland-Altman analysis confirmed strong agreement, with most differences lying within the 95% confidence limits. Conclusion: The findings suggest that ABG analyzers provide haemoglobin measurements closely aligned with those of conventional laboratory methods, supporting their use for rapid, point-of-care decision-making in ICU settings. Despite minor discrepancies in a small subset of patients, the overall agreement supports the clinical utility of ABG-derived haemoglobin values, particularly in time-sensitive scenarios. However, laboratory confirmation is recommended when precise haemoglobin estimation is critical, such as in transfusion decisions.
Khan Md. Shahariar Zaman, Sabrina Shafiq, Md. Saiful Islam, Rubaiyat-E-Mortaz, Tahmidul Islam, Rokshana Begum, Khandoker Abdur Rahim
An Explainable and Robust Machine Learning Approach for Autism Spectrum Disorder Prediction
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that requires early detection for timely intervention. In this study, a comprehensive machine learning framework was developed and evaluated for predicting ASD traits using a behavioral and demographic dataset comprising 1,985 records and 28 features. Eight models, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and LightGBM, were systematically assessed. Experimental results demonstrated that advanced classifiers achieved superior predictive performance, with SVM attaining the highest ROC-AUC (99.90) and Random Forest yielding the highest test accuracy (97.98%). Robust analysis using calibration curves confirmed that probability estimates were well-aligned with true outcomes, while bootstrap confidence intervals validated the stability of the reported metrics. Furthermore, interpretability was incorporated through SHAP analysis, which identified speech delay, family history of ASD, anxiety disorder, and specific AQ-10 items as key predictive features. These findings highlight the potential of explainable and reliable computational models for supporting ASD screening in clinical and community settings. The proposed framework balances predictive accuracy with interpretability and reliability, addressing key barriers to the adoption of data-driven approaches in healthcare decision support.
Immunological and histopathological study in patients With acute appendicitis in karbala city
Acute appendicitis represent a terrible problem for community for many reasons such as there were no exact identification for it and surgery might lead to many difficulties and the diagnostic ways for appendicitis were significantly not altered over in the past few years ;therefor our study designed to identify different cytokines levels ( Monocyte chemotactic protein- 1 (MCP-1) and Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α ) as predicator for specific diagnostic tests of appendicitis and study histological change accompanied with the appendix . Our study is carried out on(100)specimens , which divided into two groups: group Ι , included (50) patients who were suffered from fever, diarrhea , nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain which migrate to the right iliac Fossa , to explain the presence of acute appendicitis , specimens were collected from patients who were attending to Imam Hussein medical city in Holy Karbala during the period January 2024- June 2024 . Patients specimens include blood and appendix in compere with (50) blood samples collected from healthy control (group ΙΙ ),that were identical to patients group but not suffered from any symptoms of appendicitis. The result of our study of histopathological changes included macroscopic and microscopic examination of all appendices , some of these appendices are enlarged and tissue surrounded by vesicles, and some have fibrous and ulcerated walls of varying colors. The tissue changes showed changes in the histological structure of appendix, represented by expansion of its lumen and congestion of venous blood vessels in the mucosa and sub mucosa , and increasing amount of lymphatic tissue spread through the layers of appendix, lymphoid follicular hyperplasia , large amount of adipose tissue with fatty necrosis , infiltration of inflammatory cells that spread through the layers of the appendix. The serological result demonstrated that there were highly significant differences for monocyte chemotactic protein- 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (p=0.0001 **) in the serum levels of appendicitis group and healthy Control group.
Real-Time Insight: Pocus Integration for Optimal Umbilical Vein Catheterization
Background: Among the most essential procedures in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) is Umbilical Vein Catheterization (UVC), which provides a reliable route for administering life- saving treatments. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is a transformative imaging modality that has redefined procedural accuracy and safety in neonatal care. Existing literature often focuses on procedural time or radiation exposure, without providing a comprehensive evaluation of its impact on success rates and complication reduction. This gap underscores the need for focused studies that assess the effectiveness of POCUS-guided UVC in improving procedural outcomes and neonatal safety. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in guiding umbilical vein catheterization (UVC) by assessing its impact on reducing complications and improving procedural success rates in neonates. Method: A single center, hospital-based comparative, prospective observational study, conducted in the Level IIIA NICU accredited by the National Neonatology Forum (NNF) at Shri Shishu Bhawan Super Speciality Hospital for Children and Newborn, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh from January 2024 to December 2024. A total of 180 participants were enrolled in the present study. Ninety neonates in POCUS-Guided UVC group underwent UVC under real-time guidance using POCUS. Remaining ninety neonates in Conventional UVC group underwent UVC using the traditional anatomical landmark-based approach without ultrasound guidance. Neonatal outcomes and any adverse events were recorded on the data collection proforma. Results: The mean time required for catheter placement was significantly lower in the POCUS-guided UVC group (18.6 ± 2.5 minutes) compared to the conventional UVC group (33.4 ± 3.26 minutes, p < 0.0001). The minimum and maximum time for placement in the POCUS group ranged from 15.0 to 23.5 minutes, whereas in the conventional group, it ranged from 28.5 to 38.5 minutes. The need for post-procedural X-ray confirmation was significantly lower in the POCUS-guided UVC group (4.44%) compared to the conventional UVC group (100%, p < 0.0001). A majority of neonates (95.6%) in the ultrasound-guided group did not require an additional X-ray, as the catheter position was confirmed in real-time using POCUS. In contrast, all neonates in the conventional group required at least one confirmatory X-ray to verify catheter placement. Conclusion: Overall, POCUS-guided UVC placement demonstrated significant advantages over the conventional method by improving procedural efficiency, reducing catheter malposition and migration, lowering complication rates, and minimizing neonatal exposure to radiation.
Dr. Shrikant Giri, Dr. Pallavi Giri, Dr. Monika Jaiswal, and Dr. Madhuradha Rathore
Formulation And Evaluation Of Solid Dispersion For Enhance The Solubility Of Atovaquone
The aim and objectives of this present work are based on application of various nanotechnology based strategies to achieve the objectives of improved solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Atovaquone is an anti-malarial agent and belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system class IV. The polymers like PEG 4000, PVP K30 were used for solid dispersion. For preparation of solid dispersions, various solid dispersion methods (Solvent evaporation, Fusion method) were used. The effect of several variables to both solid dispersion preparations was investigated. IR and UV spectral analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry were used to characterize solid dispersions. Solid dispersions prepared by various methods were evaluated by methods like Saturation solubility, percent drug content, and by in -vitro dissolution method for percent cumulative drug release. Optimized solid dispersions were further evaluated by XRD, DSC, and SEM.
Design, Evaluation Optimization Of Oro Dispersible Film Of Felodipine Using Response Surface Method: In Vitro Characterization
The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate Felodipine orodispersible films (ODFs) to enhance patient compliance and provide rapid onset of action. Orodispersible films were prepared using the solvent casting method with HPMC E15 as the film-forming polymer, SSG as a superdisintegrant, PEG 400 as a plasticizer, and aspartame as a sweetener. Drug-excipient compatibility was assessed by FTIR and DSC studies. Films were evaluated for physical appearance, weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, moisture absorption/loss, drug content, in vitro disintegration, and dissolution. In vitro drug release kinetics were analyzed using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer–Peppa’s models. Stability studies were conducted under accelerated and room temperature conditions for 90 days. FTIR studies confirmed no significant interactions between Felodipine and excipients. All films demonstrated acceptable mechanical properties, rapid disintegration (F15: 11 sec), and uniform drug content (69.69–83.15%). The optimized formulation (F15) exhibited 80.10% drug release within 30 min, following a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Stability studies indicated no significant changes in physical or chemical properties over 90 days. Felodipine orodispersible films, particularly F15, were successfully developed with rapid disintegration, satisfactory mechanical strength, uniform drug content, and favourable drug release, making them a promising dosage form for improved oral delivery and patient compliance.
Katarnavare Ambadas Bajirao, Dr. M. Siddaiah
A Novel Anterior Subcutaneous Tunnel of Thoracic Aorto Bifemoral Artery Bypass for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Bypass grafting from the descending thoracic aorta to the iliac or femoral arteries initially was used as a remedial reconstruction for aortic graft failure, graft infection, or other intra-abdominal catastrophes. Although descending thoracic aorta to iliofemoral artery bypass grafting as a secondary reconstruction is well described, its role as a primary procedure remains controversial. In a 3-year period from June-2021 to June-2024, 35 patients were treated with descending thoracic aortobifemoral bypass through anterior subcutaneous tunnel approach at the Department of Vascular surgery, BSMMU. Age ranged from 54 to 82 years with male to female ratio of 6.7:1, symptoms ranged from intermittent claudication (25 cases), rest pain (3 cases) and non-healing ulcer (3 cases). Indications for this approach were; infrarenal aortic block with no site for infrarenal aortic clamping (18 cases), calcified infrarenal aorta (11 cases) and history of laparotomy (2 cases). Duration of surgery was 1.5 to 3 hours and blood loss was 300ml to 1000ml. There was mortality of 2 patients. Reexploration due to bleeding was done in 3 patients and 3 patients required prolonged ventilatory support for 2 days. This approach is recommended in selected patients where conventional approach to the abdominal aorta is not feasible. Follow up of 27 patients had patent grafts in 24 patients and blocked grafts with no symptoms in 3 patients. 2 patients were lost to follow up.
Mohammad Rashal Chowdhury, Mainul Mahmud, Rakibul Hasan, Md Saif Ullah Khan, AK Al- Miraj
DEVELOPMENT AND IN-VITRO STUDY OF BPNF IN DIABETIC WOUND
Diabetic wounds are difficult to heal due to poor blood circulation and delayed tissue regeneration. The present study focuses on the development of Biopolymeric Nanofiber (BPNF) for enhanced diabetic wound healing. BPNF was prepared using electrospinning technique by combining biocompatible polymers and therapeutic agents with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The prepared nanofiber was evaluated for its morphology, drug release, and cytocompatibility. Results showed that the optimized BPNF had uniform fibers, sustained drug release, and excellent cell compatibility. It also promoted fibroblast proliferation and migration, suggesting faster wound healing. Hence, the developed BPNF could be a promising nanofibrous dressing for effective management of diabetic wounds.
Dr. A. D. Kshirsagar, P. A. Bhosle, Jagdish Waghmare
Bioactive Phytochemical Assessment of Traditional Medicinal Plants from Jammu Division: A Scientific Investigation of Their Therapeutic Potential in Women's Reproductive Health Disorders
Women's reproductive health remains a critical global healthcare challenge, with limited therapeutic options and increasing resistance to conventional treatments. Traditional Ayurvedic medicinal systems offer promising alternatives through ethnobotanical knowledge accumulated over centuries. This investigation presents a systematic phytochemical evaluation of five medicinal plants traditionally employed in gynaecological therapy within the Jammu Division of J&K, India. Through sequential extraction methodology employing solvents of varying polarities (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol), we obtained extraction yields ranging from 22.92% to 33.22%, with Asparagus racemosus demonstrating optimal recovery (33.22%) (Sasidharan et al., 2010). Comprehensive qualitative screening revealed universal presence of secondary metabolites across all species, while spectrophotometric quantification established distinct phytochemical signatures. Notable findings include exceptionally high alkaloid concentrations in Trachyspermum ammi (156.73 µg/mL), maximal saponin content in Asparagus racemosus (98.34 µg/mL), and superior flavonoid profiles in Cinnamomum zeylanicum (103.67 µg/mL). These bioactive compounds demonstrate significant therapeutic relevance through hormonal modulation, anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and antioxidant pathways essential for gynaecological health management (Patibandla et al., 2024). Our findings bridge traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge with contemporary phytochemical science, establishing quantitative benchmarks for standardization and supporting development of evidence-based herbal therapeutics for women's reproductive health.
Kiriti Attri, Harvinder Kaur Sidhu, Narotam Sharma, Ritik Dogra, Ankita Singh, Jagjeet Singh, Ajay Singh
Histological Assessment of Hepatic and Intestinal Responses in Cyprinus carpio Fed with Bacillus coagulans: A 60-Day Dose-Dependent Study.
Probiotics are increasingly utilized in aquaculture to enhance fish health, yet their tissue-level effects remain underexplored in freshwater species. This study investigated the dose- and time-dependent effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans on liver and intestinal histology in Cyprinus carpio over a 60-day feeding trial. A total of 180 fingerlings were divided into four groups: control (basal diet) and three treatment groups receiving 0.05 × 109, 0.1 × 109, or 0.15 × 109 CFU g⁻¹ of B. coagulans. Liver and intestinal tissues were sampled at 20, 40, and 60 days, fixed in formalin, processed, and examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Histological analysis revealed progressive, dose-dependent improvements in hepatocyte integrity, lobular organization, and sinusoidal structure, with T3 (highest dose) showing near-normal hepatic architecture by day 60. Similarly, intestinal morphology improved with increased villus height, goblet cell density, and epithelial continuity, particularly in higher-dose groups, indicating enhanced mucosal barrier function and absorptive capacity. No signs of necrosis, inflammation, or tissue degeneration were observed in probiotic-fed fish, confirming safety and biocompatibility. These findings align with previous reports on probiotics enhancing metabolic efficiency, mucosal immunity, and tissue health in freshwater fish. Overall, dietary supplementation with B. coagulans at 109 CFU g⁻¹ over 60 days effectively promotes liver and intestinal health in common carp, supporting its application as a functional feed additive in sustainable aquaculture.
Pruthvi Kargunda Jagadish, and Ashashree Hassan Mallikarjun
Digital Health Informatics Framework for Traditional Medical Systems: Transforming Ayurvedic Epidemiology into Precision Population Health
Background: Traditional medical systems like Ayurveda offer sophisticated frameworks for personalized healthcare, but integration with digital health technologies requires rigorous validation, standardized protocols, and clear regulatory pathways. Objective: To develop and validate a comprehensive digital health informatics framework that operationalizes Ayurvedic epidemiological principles through machine learning, environmental monitoring, and predictive analytics while acknowledging validation challenges and regulatory constraints. Methods: Mixed-methods framework development combining computational modelling of constitutional phenotypes (Prakriti), digital biomarker validation against traditional assessments, environmental risk modelling, regulatory pathway analysis for Software as Medical Device (SaMD), and economic evaluation. Inter-rater reliability, measurement validity, external benchmarking, and bias mitigation were emphasized throughout. Results: Internal cross-validation suggested moderate-to-high classification performance for constitutional phenotyping, with positive correlations between digital biomarkers and traditional assessments. However, considering documented reliability limitations in Ayurvedic diagnostics and measurement challenges in heart rate variability and environmental predictions, these results are treated as preliminary and hypothesis-generating, requiring multi-center external validation and standardized reference methods. Conclusions: Integrating Ayurveda with digital health is feasible and potentially impactful but must proceed with rigorous validation, transparent reporting, and stakeholder-governed ethics. This framework provides specific validation protocols, regulatory guidance, and economic evaluation standards aligned with contemporary evidence-based medicine.
Dr Smita Zambare (Bisht)¹, Dr. Shital Nathgosavi², Dr. Santosh Kadam³
Investigation of Hepatitis B virus, a species of Hepadnaviridae in Misan province
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is recognised as a serious and public health concern globally. The virus infects human in different ages and sex, and many countries and states have reported HBV infection. In Iraq, the researches revealed that the HBV is existed in all governorates as well as health-authorized establishments declared that many pateints infected with HBV. In this research, recent serological method that is Enzyme Linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was facilitated for investigation of HBV infection in Misan governorate. Up to 149 blood specimens were taken from the patients in order to HBV diagnosis using HBSAG ELISA TEST KIT. The specimens were red by ELISA apparatus (BIoTek) and statically analysed by SPSS software in order to evaluate the incidence of HVB. The results showed that there are positive cases in both males and females with different ages. There are 17 (68.0%) samples were positive in males and 8 (32.0%) positive samples in females, the total samples were 149 samples. Further statistical analysis was used to calculate the incidence rate of HBV, which confirmed the infection rates were statistically significant. Therefore, the data of this present research support the previous finding, which confirmed the existence of the HBV in patients in Misan governorate and the infection rate were low similar with other cities.
Qualitative Analysis And Antioxidant Potential Of Nellikai Decoction
Cancer is a major health problem in the world wide. The symptoms and root cause were different in each person. In the present situation the life style modification and climatic changes play key root of the disease. During ancient days the patients were treated with internal and external medicines to eliminate toxins from the body. Nellikai decoction showed the presence of different types of phyto constituents and antioxidant have the effect on cancer and acts as good source in the initial stage of treatment.
Anila Janet Mary M, Dr. B Christudhas Williams
Issues And Problem Faced By Sanitary Workers In Sanitation Work In The Thoothukudi District
Waste from the products we use in our daily lives and company operations, resource use, and material use all contribute to waste generation. Handling, management, and proper disposal of solid waste are hot topics that affect public and environmental health. The health of the world is largely the responsibility of health workers. During this time, they faced difficulties such as financial, mental, and physical concerns. In addition, they deal with many social issues and financial instability. Both primary and secondary data are selected for this investigation. The respondents personally generated the primary data, and a structured questionnaire was developed. Printed websites, publications, and magazines were the sources of secondary data. This was a stratified sampling method. It describes the health problems faced by sanitation workers in the Thoothukudi district at work and includes 215 respondents.