Concept Of Nidana Panchaka In Correlation With Modern Methods For Diagnosis Of Diseases

Abstract

Background: In Ayurveda, the understanding of disease diagnosis is fundamentally based on Nidana Panchaka, which comprises Nidana (causative factors), Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms), Rupa (clinical features), Upashaya (therapeutic testing), and Samprapti (pathogenesis). This systematic approach mirrors the modern diagnostic process involving history taking, symptomatology, differential diagnosis, therapeutic trials, and pathophysiological understanding. Aim: To study the Ayurvedic concept of Nidana Panchaka and correlate it with modern diagnostic methods. Objectives: To explain the five components of Nidana Panchaka. To assess their role in disease diagnosis. To compare them with modern diagnostic approaches. To evaluate their clinical applicability today. To promote integration of classical and modern diagnostic systems. Methodology: A literary review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, along with modern diagnostic literature. Comparative analysis was done to draw parallels between Nidana Panchaka and contemporary diagnostic methods such as clinical evaluation, imaging, laboratory tests, and therapeutic responses. Results: The study reveals that: Nidana aligns with etiology and risk factor identification in modern medicine. Purvarupa corresponds to prodromal symptoms recognized during early clinical assessments. Rupa matches clinical features used in diagnosis. Upashaya parallels therapeutic diagnosis, often seen in empirical treatments. Samprapti reflects modern pathophysiological models explaining disease progression. Conclusion: Nidana Panchaka provides a holistic and systematic diagnostic model that shares remarkable similarities with modern diagnostic practices. Integrating this ancient method into current frameworks can enhance individualized patient assessment, early diagnosis, and comprehensive understanding of diseases.