PCOD Through the Lens of Ayurveda: A Review of Artavkshaya — Concept, Pathophysiology, and Management

Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is one of the most prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorders affecting women of reproductive age worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 5–10%. In classical Ayurvedic texts, the clinical constellation of PCOD closely corresponds to the condition described as Artavkshaya — a state of diminished or qualitatively impaired menstrual function rooted in Vata-Kapha predominance and Dhatvagnimandya.

Objective: This review aims to establish a conceptual and clinical correlation between PCOD and Artavkshaya, examine the Ayurvedic understanding of its etiopathogenesis, and summarize the evidence for Ayurvedic herbal and Panchakarma-based management strategies.

Methods: A narrative review of classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridayam, and Kashyapa Samhita was conducted alongside a search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and AYUSH databases for relevant clinical and experimental studies on PCOD and Ayurvedic management published between 2000 and 2024.

Results: The symptom complex of Artavkshaya — oligomenorrhoea, infertility, weight gain, hirsutism, and acne — mirrors the diagnostic criteria of PCOD. Vata-Kapha vitiation leading to Avarana of Artava dhatu parallels the hormonal dysregulation and follicular arrest seen in PCOD. Herbal drugs such as Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Triphala, Varuna (Crataeva nurvala), and formulations such as Rajapravartini Vati, Kanchanar Guggulu demonstrate significant hormone-modulating and metabolic benefits.

Conclusion: Ayurveda offers a comprehensive, individualized approach to PCOD through the framework of Artavkshaya, addressing root causes at the level of Dosha, Dhatu, and Agni. Integrative management combining Ayurvedic interventions with modern evidence-based monitoring holds considerable promise..