Synthesis of Tio2 Nanoparticles Biocompatibility on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells

Abstract

Introduction: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, known for their antimicrobial properties, low cost, and high chemical stability, are widely used in dentistry. However, their effects on human health remain insufficiently studied.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of varying concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles on human gum fibroblasts (HGFs).

Methods: In this in vitro study, TiO2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/ml were applied to 10,000 HGFs (C10459) cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and DLS. HGF viability was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 hours using the MTT method, with optical density (OD) measured via an ELISA reader. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05.

Results: Cytotoxicity increased with higher TiO2 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001). Time changes were independent of concentration (P < 0.001). The highest OD was observed at 10 μg/ml, and the lowest at 100 μg/ml across all time points.

Conclusion: The highest viability was observed at 10 μg/ml after 24 hours, and the lowest at 100 μg/ml after 48 hours.