Study of Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease Among Diabetic Population in DAE Hospital

Abstract

This is a study of prevalence of coronary artery disease among diabetic population in department of atomic energy hospital. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the people with diabetes. This risk is due to impact of diabetes on vessels and heart and the presence of risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity. The burden of CAD deaths is 26.6 percent in India.. About 212.4 million people is global prevalence. Hence, management of diabetes will include risk factor detection, screening for CAD and detection of other complications so that holistic approach and early diagnosis and management can be made

Study methodology and Aim-This is a retrospective study done in our Institution from Sep 2021 – Aug 2025 of 100 patients 20-79 years after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent from all patients who had symptoms of chest discomfort, palpitations, dyspnea on exertion, sweating along with associated risk factors with DM on medications

Results- In our study we found that males <60 years were affected and about 50% (25/45) were below 45 years and females >60 years were affected and around 50 % (20/55) were below 45 years of age which was alarming and the duration of diabetes correlated with the development of CAD as it was higher in individuals with >3 years of diabetes. It was found that <45 years males and females had associated risk factors like obesity ,hypertension, dyslipidemia and family history of CAD which contributed to added prevalence in this age group. Risk factors like dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, family history were present in both sex out of which family history and hypertension scored more for CAD risk. HBa1c levels(<7) with  tight control of sugars with OHA and insulin after 3 years of treatment were found in 20 of males and 15 of females only. The presence of symptoms of CAD was present in 47 patients and the rest 53 were asymptomatic which is in line with both national and international studies. Although males are affected more with CAD than females the mortality and morbidity is more with females which is also in line with national and international studies Conclusion- Diabetes mellitus is the most important risk factor for CAD which is well emphasized in this study and patients present with atypical symptoms or asymptomatic so early screening with ECG, ECHO /TMT is necessary for early diagnosis and management