Clinical and Radiological Finding with Spectrum of Non-Malignant Lesions of Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases are among the most frequently encountered conditions in clinical practice. Due to its extensive length and complexity, the GIT is prone to a wide spectrum of pathologies, including congenital anomalies, acute and chronic infections, inflammatory disorders, and neoplastic conditions. These lesions may occur in isolation or in combination, affecting different anatomical segments. The present study aimed to evaluate and analyze the clinical and radiological spectrum of non-malignant GIT lesions confirmed histopathologically.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology over one year. A total of 200 cases were included, of which 150 were histopathologically confirmed non-malignant lesions. Detailed clinical and radiological data were collected to aid diagnosis, and specimens (endoscopic biopsies and resected samples) were processed according to standard histopathological protocols.

Results: Of the 200 cases, 150 (75%) were non-malignant, while 50 (25%) were malignant. Among the non-malignant cases, 76 (50.6%) were male and 74 (49.4%) female, with a mean age of 48.2 years. The appendix was the most commonly affected organ (73.3%), followed by the large intestine (10.6%) and small intestine (6.0%). The most frequently affected age group was 21–40 years (44%), followed by patients <20 years (22%). Chronic inflammatory lesions were the most common histopathological diagnosis (31.3%), followed by acute on chronic appendicitis (23.3%).

Conclusion: A wide spectrum of infectious, inflammatory, and structural lesions can affect the GIT, with the appendix being the most commonly involved site. Accurate clinical, radiological, and histopathological correlation is crucial for early diagnosis and appropriate management, thereby reducing patient morbidity and mortality.