Biological Properties Of Panax Ginseng Using Zinc Nanoparticles

Abstract

The many pharmacological benefits of the medicinal plant Panax ginseng include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory capabilities, all of which have been extensively studied and documented. It has medicinal promise, however issues including fast metabolism, low stability, and poor absorption may reduce the bioavailability and effectiveness of its bioactive components. Strategies to improve the bioactivity and stability of chemicals generated from plants have been suggested by recent advances in nanotechnology, especially via the use of metal-based nanoparticles. Biomedical researchers have found zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) to be an invaluable resource because of their unusual physicochemical characteristics, biocompatibility, and lack of toxicity.

In order to discover how the synergistic improvement of Panax ginseng's therapeutic potential is achieved, this research will examine its biological characteristics when produced with zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs). To create ZnNPs, a green synthesis method was used, with extract from P. ginseng serving as a stabilizing and reducing agent. To find out how big, shaped, and what kind of surface properties the synthesized nanoparticles had, scientists used a battery of analytical tools, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Panax ginseng-ZnNPs composite's antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic capabilities were the main foci of the biological examination. Three different tests were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging, and ABTS radical cation decolorization. The findings showed that P. ginseng extracts treated with ZnNPs had much higher free radical scavenging activity than the untreated extract, indicating that the treated extract was better at reducing oxidative stress. Using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, the antimicrobial activity were assessed against a range of bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of ZnNPs enhanced the antibacterial activity of the P. ginseng extract, as shown by the enhanced antimicrobial properties.

In order to determine biocompatibility, cytotoxicity tests were conducted using MTT assays on normal cell lines and human cancer cell lines, including HeLa (cervical cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer). The findings showed that P. ginseng-ZnNPs composites had minimal toxicity on normal cells and selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, suggesting that they might be used in targeted cancer treatment.

Finally, the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of Panax ginseng are amplified when zinc nanoparticles are combined with it. The findings of this research highlight the possibility of using nanotechnology to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of herbal remedies. These results have important implications for the future of medicine, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, and they open the door to new avenues of investigation into the design of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for natural chemicals.