Level of Vitamin D Associated with Temporomandibular Disorder Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures, often resulting in pain and dysfunction. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in various musculoskeletal disorders, yet its role in TMD remains unclear. Aim of the study: This study investigates the association between vitamin D levels and the presence of TMD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 157 patients diagnosed with TMD. Demographic data, personal habits, comorbidities, and clinical symptoms were recorded. Serum vitamin D levels were measured, and OPG (orthopantomogram) imaging was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and TMD symptoms. Result: The majority of participants (69.42%) exhibited vitamin D deficiency (<20.00 ng/ml). TMD symptoms such as jaw mobility problems (72.61%), clicking sounds (70.70%), and pain (77.70%) were commonly reported. Abnormal OPG findings were observed in 95.54% of the subjects. Additionally, comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus (19.74%) and smoking (25.48%) were prevalent in the study population. A significant association between low vitamin D levels and the presence of TMD symptoms was found. Conclusion: Our study suggests a significant association between low serum vitamin D levels and temporomandibular disorder symptoms. These findings support the potential role of vitamin D in TMD pathophysiology, highlighting the need for further research to explore therapeutic interventions involving vitamin D supplementation for TMD patients.