Prevalence And Management Of Asthma In School-Aged Children

Abstract

Background:
Asthma is a leading chronic respiratory illness in children, significantly affecting school performance, quality of life, and healthcare burden. Early identification and consistent management are essential to reduce morbidity. However, many children remain undiagnosed or poorly managed due to lack of awareness, limited access to care, and inconsistent treatment adherence.

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of asthma in school-aged children and assess their management practices, including medication adherence, trigger identification, and frequency of emergency care visits due to asthma exacerbations.

Study design: A prospective study.

Place and duration of study:  Pediatric Department Jinnah Medical College & Teaching Hospital Peshawar from jan 2024 to july 2024

Methods:
A prospective study was conducted in the Pediatric Department Jinnah Medical College & Teaching Hospital Peshawar from jan 2024 to july 2024. A validated questionnaire based on ISAAC protocol was distributed to parents of children aged 6–12 years. Physician-confirmed diagnoses were included. Data were collected on asthma prevalence, medication use, and trigger exposure. Analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0, with significance set at p<0.05.

Results:
Among 100 surveyed students, 120 (12%) had physician-diagnosed asthma. The mean age of asthmatic children was 9.1 ± 1.8 years. Males comprised 65% of cases. Common triggers included dust (72%), cold weather (51%), and exercise (38%). Only 58% used controller inhalers regularly. Emergency visits were reported by 32% in the last 6 months. A significant association was found between irregular medication use and increased emergency visits (p=0.03). Poor knowledge about inhaler technique was observed in 41% of children.

Conclusion:
Asthma is prevalent among school-aged children, with suboptimal management and poor treatment adherence contributing to increased exacerbations. Educational initiatives for parents, school staff, and children are needed to enhance asthma awareness, improve medication compliance, and reduce preventable hospital visits. School-based asthma management plans should be promoted for early intervention and better control of symptoms, thereby improving overall health and academic outcomes.