DETERMINATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF FOXTAIL MILLET (SETARIA ITALICA)

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that occurs when there is little or not enough insulin production from the pancreas. The onset and progression of long-term complications in diabetes mellitus appear to be related to the degree of hyperglycemia and the overall metabolic control. The core remedy for managing diabetes is to lower hyperglycaemia and reduce intestinal glucose absorption through the inhibition of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes viz. alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Thus, we aimed to determine antidiabetic potential of Foxtail millet by using in-vitro experimental methods viz. inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes like alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Results revealed that the aqueous (aq.) Foxtail millet extract at a concentration range of 25µg/mL, 50µg/mL, 75µg/mL and 100µg/mL showed alpha-amylase inhibition effect of 30.87%, 51.79%, 66.98%, and 77.01% respectively with an IC₅₀ value of 48.55µg/mL in comparison with the standard antidiabetic drug acarbose with an IC₅₀ value of 32.75µg/mL. Similarly, aq. Foxtail millet extract at a concentration range of 25µg/mL, 50µg/mL, 75µg/mL and 100µg/mL showed alpha-glucosidase inhibition effect of 25.39%, 40.25%, 56.54%, and 68.97% respectively with an IC₅₀ value of 68.75µg/mL in comparison with the standard antidiabetic drug acarbose with an IC₅₀ value of 36.45µg/mL. In conclusion, Foxtail millet has potential to subside diabetes mellitus through inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as alpha- amylase and alpha-glucosidase.